Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
G. A. Chandler, C. L. Ruiz, G. W. Cooper, J. A. Torres, M. A. Mangan, G. M. Whitlow, D. J. Ampleford, M. C. Jones, R. A. Buckles, K. J. Moy, I. Garza, M. Staska, A. Wolverton, B. Davis
Summary: This article discusses the use of neutron time-of-flight (nTOF) detectors on Sandia National Laboratories' Z-Machine for inertial confinement fusion and magnetized liner fusion experiments. The detectors are used to infer various physics parameters and their fabrication, characterization, and calibration are also discussed.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Noah Walton, Jesse Brown, William Fritsch, Dave Brown, Gustavo Nobre, Vladimir Sobes
Summary: Accurate neutron cross section data is crucial for simulating nuclear systems in various applications. The evaluation of experimental data plays a crucial role in obtaining accurate cross sections, but the current process lacks reproducibility. This study proposes a method to automate and standardize the evaluation process by generating high-utility synthetic datasets through problem-specific physics, Monte Carlo sampling, and data synthesis. The generated data is statistically similar to observed data. A two-generative model approach is used, where the first model generates energy-differential cross sections, and the second model generates noisy experimental observables. An open-source software is provided to execute the complete methodology. The goal is to provide the evaluation community with a data-driven, ML-based approach to address long-standing challenges in the field.
COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
R. M. Bionta, G. P. Grim, K. D. Hahn, E. P. Hartouni, E. A. Henry, H. Y. Khater, A. S. Moore, D. J. Schlossberg
Summary: The Real Time Nuclear Activation Detector (RTNAD) array at NIF is used to measure the distribution of 14 MeV neutrons to evaluate the symmetry and integrity of inertial confinement fusion implosions. The array consists of 48 LaBr3(Ce) crystal gamma-ray spectrometers for monitoring neutron flux by detecting activated Zr-89 gamma-rays. Automatic analysis algorithms handle the continuous data stream, enabling measurement of neutron angular distribution spherical harmonic modes up to L <= 4 for better understanding of implosion dynamics.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2021)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Long Tian, Ahmed Salman, Chu-Yi Huang, Yu-Chen Dong, Fan Ye, Ze-Cong Qin, Wolfgang Kreuzpaintner, Jun-Pei Zhang, Tian-Hao Wang, Xin Tong
Summary: The China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) has recognized the importance of polarized neutrons and has allocated a development platform for polarized neutron techniques. Progress has been made in the characterization of neutron spin filter cells, calibration of self-developed instruments, performance in beamlines, and simulation work for magnetic field environments.
NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Multidisciplinary
U. K. Oji, V. Pacheco, M. Sahlberg, A. Backs, R. Woracek, D. E. Pooley, G. J. Nilsen, K. Nemkovski, W. Kockelmann, A. S. Tremsin, A. Hilger, R. Ziesche, I. Manke, R. Cubitt, N. Kardjilov
Summary: In this study, a polarized neutron imaging option was designed and implemented on the Imaging and Materials Science & Engineering Station (IMAT) for characterizing magnetic materials in various engineering applications. By performing polarized measurements, it was discovered that the anisotropy of the material can be engineered by varying the fabrication parameters.
MATERIALS & DESIGN
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
S. Kerr, M. J. Eckart, K. Hahn, E. P. Hartouni, J. Jeet, O. L. Landen, A. S. Moore, D. J. Schlossberg
Summary: This study reports on the construction and validation of nToF IRFs at the NIF, with the aim to improve measurement accuracy and eliminate the need for fixed DSR baseline offsets. The IRF is divided into two parts, a core measured experimentally and a tail calibrated using data from indirect drive exploding pusher shots. A systematic parameter study found that variations in the tail components of the IRF have an impact on DSR, which agrees with non-zero DSR estimates.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
William Chuirazzi, Joshua Kane, Aaron Craft, Jason Schulthess
Summary: This study explores the process of combining different images together, specifically applied to neutron tomography of nuclear fuel for enhanced information. By combining different reconstruction methods, noise and ring artifacts can be reduced while maintaining sharp edges in the images. Discussions on technique enhancements and future applications for the neutron imaging community are also included.
JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Yu-Chen Dong, Tian-Hao Wang, Wolfgang Kreuzpaintner, Xiao-Tao Liu, Ze-Hui Li, Yu-Dong Kang, Jun-Pei Zhang, Long Tian, Chu-Yi Huang, Bo Bai, Xin Tong
Summary: A miniaturized neutron spin flipper based on a high-Tc superconductor film has been developed, utilizing non-adiabatic spin flipping and the Meissner effect for magnetic field shielding. This flipper provides a universal neutron spin flip capability over a wide wavelength range. The compact design with a vacuum heat shield and low-power refrigerator allows for efficient operation in a small size.
NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNIQUES
(2022)
Article
Nuclear Science & Technology
Qiang Qi, Mingzhong Zhao, Fei Sun, Yingchun Zhang, Shouxi Gu, Baolong Ji, Hai-Shan Zhou, Yasuhisa Oya, Songlin Liu, Guang-Nan Luo
Summary: The effects of tritium release behavior from Li4SiO4 were investigated and compared, with the study finding that porosity has significant effects on tritium release, as higher porosity provides more activation sites and fast channels for tritium release, resulting in lower release temperatures.
NUCLEAR MATERIALS AND ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
N. Harnew, R. Gao, T. Hadavizadeh, T. H. Hancock, J. C. Smallwood, N. H. Brook, S. Bhasin, D. Cussans, J. Rademacker, R. Forty, C. Frei, T. Gys, D. Piedigrossi, M. W. U. van Dijk, E. P. M. Gabriel, T. Conneely, J. Milnes, T. Blake, M. F. Cicala, T. Gershon, T. Jones, M. Kreps
Summary: TORCH is a large-area time-of-flight detector for the Upgrade-II of the LHCb experiment, providing charged hadron identification in a momentum range of 2-20 GeV/c over a flight distance of 9.5 m from the LHC interaction point. A prototype module with a fused-silica radiator plate and two MCP-PMTs achieved single-photon time resolutions of 70-100 ps in a 8 GeV/c CERN test-beam, depending on the beam position in the radiator. The measured photon yields match the expectations.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Ahmed Salman, Jianrong Zhou, Jianqing Yang, Junpei Zhang, Chuyi Huang, Fan Ye, Zecong Qin, Xingfen Jiang, Syed Mohd Amir, Wolfgang Kreuzpaintner, Zhijia Sun, Tianhao Wang, Xin Tong
Summary: A time-of-flight polarized neutron imaging setup was developed by integrating an in situ pumped polarized He-3 spin filter and energy dispersive neutron camera on the neutron technique development beamline of CSNS. Test experiments with a solenoid as a sample showed the possibility of obtaining polarized radiography with a field of view in diameter 2.0 cm at different wavelengths and distinguishing the neutron polarization behavior for different positions inside and outside the solenoid.
CHINESE PHYSICS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
K. Cerny, T. Sykora, M. Tasevsky, R. Zlebcik
Summary: This study investigates the performance of Time-of-Flight detectors integrated into forward proton detectors to suppress effects of additional soft processes accompanying central diffractive events. A method based on measuring the difference in arrival times of leading protons at forward detectors is proposed to estimate the z-coordinate of the production vertex. By evaluating the components of pile-up background and the resolution of the ToF device, the study estimates the performance of the method and suggests a new observable to separate central diffractive signals from pile-up environment effectively.
JOURNAL OF INSTRUMENTATION
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
B. Eriksson, S. Conroy, G. Ericsson, J. Eriksson, L. Giacomelli, A. Hjalmarsson, M. Weiszflog
Summary: This study presents a method for aligning TOFOR neutron spectrometer detector pairs with sub-nanosecond precision using gamma rays. By analyzing gamma events occurring at the same time in different detector combinations, neutron and gamma events are separated and applied to analyze neutron data from Ohmic phases to estimate the Ohmic fuel ion temperature under different plasma conditions.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
V. Yu. Glebov, C. Stoeckl, C. J. Forrest, J. P. Knauer, O. M. Mannion, M. H. Romanofsky, T. C. Sangster, S. P. Regan
Summary: Traditional neutron time-of-flight detectors use scintillators and photomultiplier tubes, while a new detector design uses microchannel-plate photomultiplier tubes without scintillators to measure ion temperature and neutron velocity more accurately. Removing the scintillator from the detector results in a faster instrument response function, enhancing the accuracy of ion temperature and neutron velocity measurements.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Characterization & Testing
Stewart G. Haslinger, Michael J. S. Lowe, Zhengjun Wang, Fan Shi
Summary: This article investigates the implementation of ToFD methods for sizing rough defects using a purely theoretical approach, and uses high-fidelity finite element modeling and stochastic Monte Carlo methods to provide physical and statistical insights on the dependence on incident beam angle and degree of roughness for planar defects. It explores the complexity of rough defects compared to smooth defects in ultrasonic ToFD techniques, and examines the effects of roughness on the accuracy of crack sizing with statistical analysis.
NDT & E INTERNATIONAL
(2021)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
T. J. B. Collins, C. Stoeckl, R. Epstein, W. A. Bittle, C. J. Forrest, V. Yu. Glebov, V. N. Goncharov, D. R. Harding, S. X. Hu, D. W. Jacobs-Perkins, T. Z. Kosc, J. A. Marozas, C. Mileham, F. J. Marshall, S. F. B. Morse, P. B. Radha, S. P. Regan, B. Rice, T. C. Sangster, M. J. Shoup, W. T. Shmayda, C. Sorce, W. Theobald, M. D. Wittman
Summary: In this study, laser imprint is shown to play a major role in generating fuel-ablator mix in OMEGA cryogenic target implosions. The results indicate that the adiabat and in-flight aspect ratio have a significant impact on the neutron-weighted shell areal density and neutron yield. The experimental and synthetic radiographs show good agreement when accounting for uncertainty in the initial ablator thickness. The study also explores the effects of other mechanisms on the mixing process.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
W. Theobald, D. Cao, R. C. Shah, C. A. Thomas, I. V. Igumenshchev, K. A. Bauer, R. Betti, M. J. Bonino, E. M. Campbell, A. R. Christopherson, K. Churnetski, D. H. Edgell, C. J. Forrest, J. A. Frenje, M. Gatu Johnson, V. Yu. Glebov, V. N. Goncharov, V. Gopalaswamy, D. R. Harding, S. X. Hu, S. T. Ivancic, D. W. Jacobs-Perkins, R. T. Janezic, T. Joshi, J. P. Knauer, A. Lees, R. W. Luo, O. M. Mannion, F. J. Marshall, Z. L. Mohamed, S. F. B. Morse, D. Patel, J. L. Peebles, R. D. Petrasso, P. B. Radha, H. G. Rinderknecht, M. J. Rosenberg, S. Sampat, T. C. Sangster, W. T. Shmayda, C. M. Shuldberg, A. Shvydky, C. Sorce, C. Stoeckl, M. D. Wittman, S. P. Regan
Summary: By reducing the ratio of the laser spot diameter to the target diameter, cryogenic deuterium-tritium ice target implosions on OMEGA with new small-spot distributed phase plates achieved an 11% increase in energy coupling. However, this also resulted in increased hot-electron production and hydrodynamic instabilities.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
J. H. Kunimune, H. G. Rinderknecht, P. J. Adrian, P. V. Heuer, S. P. Regan, F. H. Seguin, M. Gatu Johnson, R. P. Bahukutumbi, J. P. Knauer, B. L. Bachmann, J. A. Frenje
Summary: Knock-on deuteron imaging is a new diagnostic technique used to diagnose the morphology of inertial confinement fusion implosions. It utilizes the scattering of deuterons to probe the shape of the hot-spot and the distribution of the dense fuel layer. The first proof-of-concept tests have been successfully conducted, revealing asymmetries and mixing between the hot-spot and shell.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
H. Poole, D. Cao, R. Epstein, I. Golovkin, T. Walton, S. X. Hu, M. Kasim, S. M. Vinko, J. R. Rygg, V. N. Goncharov, G. Gregori, S. P. Regan
Summary: In this study, a feasibility study was conducted to diagnose the temperature, density, and ionization of the compressed DT shell using spatially integrated, spectrally resolved, x-ray Thomson scattering measurements. Synthetic scattering spectra were generated and analyzed, showing that the plasma conditions of compressed DT shells can be resolved.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
H. Sio, O. Larroche, A. Bose, S. Atzeni, J. A. Frenje, N. V. Kabadi, M. Gatu Johnson, C. K. Li, V. Glebov, C. Stoeckl, B. Lahmann, P. J. Adrian, S. P. Regan, A. Birkel, F. H. Seguin, R. D. Petrasso
Summary: This study investigates the fuel-shell mix in kinetic plasma conditions, revealing significant mixing at the fuel-shell interface in implosions with low initial gas fill density.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
V. Yu. Glebov, C. J. Forrest, J. Kendrick, J. P. Knauer, O. M. Mannion, H. McClow, S. P. Regan, C. Stoeckl, B. Stanley, W. Theobald
Summary: A new neutron time-of-flight (nTOF) detector has been designed, installed, and calibrated for measuring the deuterium-deuterium (DD) fusion yield and ion temperature at the OMEGA Laser Facility. This detector provides a new line of sight and offers higher precision than existing detectors.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2022)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
K. Churnetski, K. M. Woo, W. Theobald, P. B. Radha, R. Betti, V. Gopalaswamy, I. V. Igumenshchev, S. T. Ivancic, M. Michalko, R. C. Shah, C. Stoeckl, C. A. Thomas, S. P. Regan
Summary: A three-dimensional model was developed to study low-mode drive asymmetries in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion implosions on OMEGA with cryogenic deuterium-tritium targets. The model reconstructed the hot-spot x-ray emission using data from four x-ray diagnostics and compared it to measurements to analyze the hot-spot shape. The model was validated using radiation-hydrodynamic simulations and applied to experimental data, revealing the connection between the hot-spot shape and the laser-drive asymmetry.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
A. Colaitis, I. Igumenshchev, D. P. Turnbull, R. Shah, D. Edgell, O. M. Mannion, C. Stoeckl, D. W. Jacob-Perkins, A. Shvydky, R. Janezic, A. Kalb, D. Cao, C. J. Forrest, J. Kwiatkowski, S. P. Regan, W. Theobald, V. N. Goncharov, D. Froula
Summary: This study presents the first 3D radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of directly driven inertial confinement fusion implosions with a package for polarized crossed-beam energy transfer (CBET). The simulations assess the impact of distributed polarization rotators (DPRs) and other asymmetry sources. The results show that accurate prediction of bang times and yields can be achieved by accounting for imprint and fuel age effects, and that polarized CBET is the main drive asymmetry factor.
PLASMA PHYSICS AND CONTROLLED FUSION
(2023)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
P. J. Adrian, B. Bachmann, R. Betti, A. Birkel, P. Heuer, M. Gatu Johnson, N. Kabadi, J. P. Knauer, J. Kunimune, C. K. Li, O. M. Mannion, R. D. Petrasso, S. P. Regan, H. G. Rinderknecht, C. Stoeckl, F. H. Seguin, A. Sorce, R. C. Shah, G. D. Sutcliffe, J. A. Frenje
Summary: An X-ray imaging spectrometer (XRIS) system capable of spatially and spectrally resolving x-ray self-emission from 5 to 40 keV has been implemented at the OMEGA Laser Facility. The system consists of three independent imagers for 3D reconstructions of the x-ray emission region. The XRIS system boasts a large dynamic range and the ability to record multiple images along a single line of sight, allowing for advanced statistical inference on the structure of the x-ray emitting regions.
REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
(2022)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
M. J. Rosenberg, A. A. Solodov, J. F. Myatt, S. Hironaka, J. Sivajeyan, R. K. Follett, T. Filkins, A. V. Maximov, C. Ren, S. Cao, P. Michel, M. S. Wei, J. P. Palastro, R. H. H. Scott, K. Glize, S. P. Regan
Summary: Experiments have been conducted on the OMEGA EP laser facility to investigate the impact of density scale length and overlapping beam geometry on laser-plasma instabilities near and below the quarter-critical density. The experiments were performed in both planar and spherical geometries with different density scale lengths and numbers of overlapping beams. It was found that shorter density scale lengths favored the two-plasmon decay (TPD) instability, while longer density scale lengths favored stimulated Raman scattering (SRS). In addition, higher single-beam intensities favored SRS, while a larger number of overlapping beams favored TPD.
PHYSICS OF PLASMAS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
I. V. Igumenshchev, W. Theobald, C. Stoeckl, R. C. Shah, D. T. Bishel, V. N. Goncharov, M. J. Bonino, E. M. Campbell, L. Ceurvorst, D. A. Chin, T. J. B. Collins, S. Fess, D. R. Harding, S. Sampat, N. R. Shaffer, A. Shvydky, E. A. Smith, W. T. Trickey, L. J. Waxer, A. Colaitis, R. Liotard, P. J. Adrian, S. Atzeni, F. Barbato, L. Savino, N. Alfonso, A. Haid, Mi Do
Summary: In the DS concept, the deuterium-tritium fuel is initially in the form of a homogeneous liquid inside a wetted-foam spherical shell. This study demonstrates the feasibility of DS formation through a proof-of-principle experiment on the OMEGA laser. The experiment shows good agreement with the predicted evolution of the DS and its stability to perturbations.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2023)
Review
Physics, Multidisciplinary
O. A. Hurricane, P. K. Patel, R. Betti, D. H. Froula, S. P. Regan, S. A. Slutz, M. R. Gomez, M. A. Sweeney
Summary: Inertial confinement fusion (ICF) is a research field that originated from the Cold War and has since developed into three major Department of Energy facilities. This review focuses on the physics principles of ICF targets and recent research progress in the past decade.
REVIEWS OF MODERN PHYSICS
(2023)
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
R. C. Shah, D. Cao, L. Aghaian, B. Bachmann, R. Betti, E. M. Campbell, R. Epstein, C. J. Forrest, A. Forsman, V. Yu Glebov, V. N. Goncharov, V Gopalaswamy, D. R. Harding, S. X. Hu, I. Igumenshchev, R. T. Janezic, L. Keaty, J. P. Knauer, D. Kobs, A. Lees, O. M. Mannion, Z. L. Mohamed, D. Patel, M. J. Rosenberg, W. T. Shmayda, C. Stoeckl, W. Theobald, C. A. Thomas, P. Volegov, K. M. Woo, S. P. Regan
Summary: This study develops a scaling for x-ray yield based on simulations with varying degrees of equilibration, which can serve to infer hot-spot mix in laser-driven implosions. The comparison of measured x-ray and neutron yields indicates that the sensitivity of hot-spot mix is estimated to be below 2%.
Article
Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
O. M. Mannion, A. J. Crilly, C. J. Forrest, B. D. Appelbe, R. Betti, V. Yu Glebov, V Gopalaswamy, J. P. Knauer, Z. L. Mohamed, C. Stoeckl, J. P. Chittenden, S. P. Regan
Summary: Backscatter neutron spectroscopy was used to measure the apparent ion temperature and mean velocity of the dense deuterium tritium fuel layer of an inertial confinement fusion target near peak compression. The average isotropic residual kinetic energy of the fuel was estimated using the mean velocity measurement. The apparent ion-temperature measurements from high-implosion velocity experiments exceeded expectations from radiation-hydrodynamic simulations, suggesting enhanced shell decompression and saturation of implosion performance with implosion velocity for laser-direct-drive implosions.
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Jinlu Ruan, Liang Chen, Pengxiao Xu, Yapeng Zhang, Xue Du, Hongqiao Yin, Shiyi He, Fangbao Wang, Xun Zhang, Xiaoping Ouyang
Summary: A new SiC detector with a faster time response was developed to improve the temporal response of SiC-HPMTs. The improved SiC-HPMT showed significantly enhanced temporal response compared to the previous SiC-HPMT, and it can accurately measure the time information of fast pulsed radiation fields.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Kevin Nash
Summary: This article discusses the need for extensive upgrades of the LHC detectors, particularly the Outer Tracker, due to the demanding conditions and radiation of the High Luminosity LHC scenario. The design choices, technological approaches, and R&D activities for the Outer Tracker Phase-2 upgrade are highlighted.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
S. A. Wotton
Summary: The hadron particle identification provided by LHCb's RICH system is crucial for the success of the experiment, and it will continue to play a significant role in Upgrade II. To maintain the current excellent particle identification performance, substantial improvements in the precision of measuring the space and time coordinates of detected photons in the RICH and in the resolution of the reconstructed Cherenkov angle are required.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
R. Cardarelli, A. Rocchi, G. Aielli, P. Camarri, A. Di Ciaccio, L. Di Stante, B. Liberti, E. Pastori, L. Pizzimento, G. Proto
Summary: The Resistive Cylindrical Chamber (RCC) is a new generation of gaseous particle detectors that overcome the limitations of Resistive Plate Chambers (RPC) and expand their application range. By transitioning from planar to cylindrical geometry, while maintaining an almost planar electric field, the RCC achieves improved detection efficiency, increased gas pressure, and the possibility of using eco-friendly gases.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Giacomo Volpe
Summary: The ALICE collaboration is proposing a new apparatus, ALICE 3, to investigate the Quark Gluon Plasma (QGP) properties. In this context, conceptual studies for the development of a RICH detector for ALICE 3 are ongoing. The proposed baseline layout is a proximity-focusing RICH, using aerogel as Cherenkov radiator and Silicon Photomultipliers for photon detection. The detector specifications and performance obtained by Monte Carlo simulation are presented, along with the R&D challenges related to the design.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
M. G. Mazarakis, E. Jongewaard, J. Ellsworth
Summary: This report presents experimental data and a step-by-step technique for evaluating the work functions of thermionic cathodes. The experiments were conducted using small-sized thermionic cathodes provided by Spectra-Mat corporation. The cathode electron current emission work function is emphasized as a crucial parameter for selecting cathodes in various applications.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
M. Loyd, A. Khaplanov, V. Sedov, J. Beal, T. Visscher, C. Donahue, C. Montcalm, G. Warren, R. Butz, C. Boone, C. Hart, R. Riedel, Y. Diawara
Summary: Thermal and cold neutron beamlines require detector systems with high efficiency, large active area, and good spatial resolution. This study presents a new design of Anger camera using silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) instead of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), offering better resolution, less distortion, and more compactness. The use of SiPMs also enables the camera to be used in strong magnetic fields, providing additional experimental capabilities.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Thomas Neulinger, Hanno Filter, Oliver Zimmer
Summary: This paper describes the mathematical foundation for analyzing vertical time-of-flight (TOF) measurements using ultracold neutrons (UCN). It enables the spectroscopy of UCN with kinetic energies below the neutron optical potential of the detector entrance window. The paper provides general treatment methods and transformation rules for converting vertical TOF spectra into other spectra of interest.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Huynh Dinh Chuong, Nguyen Huynh Duy Khang, Le Thi Ngoc Trang, Nguyen Thi Truc Linh, Truong Thanh Sang, Nguyen Thanh Dat, Hoang Duc Tam
Summary: This paper presents a comparative study of three models, including virtual point detector (VPD), curve fitting (CF), and machine learning (ML), in determining the full-energy peak efficiency (FEPE) of HPGe detector. The study found that the ML model outperforms VPD and CF models in terms of accuracy.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
M. H. Kushoro, M. Angelone, D. Bozzi, G. Gorini, F. La Via, E. Perelli Cippo, M. Pillon, M. Tardocchi, M. Rebai
Summary: This paper presents the characterization of a series of SiC detectors operated with partial polarization, achieving excellent energy resolution and detection characteristics for both alpha particles and neutrons. The results demonstrate the potential of SiC detectors for fast neutron detection in fusion experiments. The limitations and challenges for manufacturing thick SiCs in the future are also discussed.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Deb Sankar Bhattacharya, Andrea Bressan, Chandradoy Chatterjee, Silvia Dalla Torre, Mauro Gregori, Alexander Kiselev, Stefano Levorato, Anna Martin, Saverio Minutoli, Mikhail Osipenko, Richa Rai, Marco Ripani, Fulvio Tessarotto, Triloki Triloki
Summary: In this article, we report on the measurement of the time resolution of an LAPPD prototype using Cherenkov radiation emitted by high energy hadrons. Our approach has demonstrated the capability of measuring time resolutions as fine as 25-30 ps. The measured time resolution for single photoelectrons is about 80 ps r.m.s.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Bharti Rohila, S. R. Abhilash, Diwanshu, Chetan Sharma, Devinder Mehta, Ashok Kumar
Summary: Self-supporting and Au backed Ag-107 targets have been fabricated using a combination of cold rolling and e-beam melting technique. The method is efficient, resulting in targets without significant material loss or major contamination. Various techniques have been used for thickness measurements and characterizations, and one of the fabricated targets has been successfully used in a nuclear physics experiment.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
B. Kronheim, A. Belloni, T. K. Edberg, S. C. Eno, C. Howe, C. Palmer, C. Papageorgakis, M. Paranjpe, S. Sriram
Summary: This paper presents measurements of the relative decrease of light output during irradiation of small plastic scintillator tiles read out by silicon photomultipliers. The study found substantial temporary damage during low-temperature irradiation, regardless of oxygen concentration and wrapping material. The wrapping material had an impact on the relative light loss, with the 3M(TM) Enhanced Specular Reflector Film showing the largest loss. The light loss was less at warmer temperatures and similar to that in standard atmosphere with 3% oxygen concentration. Evidence of a plateau in the radical density was seen for the data at 0 degrees C.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
V. V. Haurylavets, V. K. Ivanov, A. V. Korol, A. V. Solov'yov
Summary: Computational modeling of high-energy electron passage through crystalline media is conducted using relativistic molecular dynamics. The results show good agreement with experimental data, demonstrating the accuracy of the simulations. Minor discrepancies between theory and experiment are discussed.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2024)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Luca Quaglia, R. Cardarelli, B. Liberti, E. Pastori, G. Proto, L. Pizzimento, A. Rocchi, G. Aielli, P. Camarri, A. Di Ciacco, L. Di Stante, R. Santonico, D. Boscherini, A. Bruni, L. Massa, A. Polini, M. Romano, L. Benussi, S. Bianco, D. Piccolo, G. Saviano, M. Abbrescia, L. Congedo, M. De Serio, G. Galati, G. Pugliese, S. Simone, D. Ramos, P. Salvini, A. Samalan, M. Tytgat, N. Zaganidis, J. Eysermans, A. Ferretti, M. Gagliardi, L. Terlizzi, E. Vercellin, P. Dupieux, B. Joly, S. P. Manen, R. Guida, B. Mandelli, G. Rigoletti, M. Barroso, M. C. Arena, A. Pastore, R. Aly, M. Verzeroli, S. Buontempo
Summary: Resistive Plate Chamber detectors are widely used in current High Energy Physics experiments. However, efforts are being made to find eco-friendly gas alternatives to Tetrafluoroethane. The RPC EcoGas@GIF++ collaboration aims to improve RPC technology, evaluate the performance of RPCs with eco-friendly gas mixtures, and conduct aging tests.
NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT
(2024)