Article
Agriculture, Multidisciplinary
Qibin Wu, Zhenxiang Li, Jingtao Yang, Fu Xu, Xueqin Fu, Liping Xu, Chuihuai You, Dongjiao Wang, Yachun Su, Youxiong Que
Summary: This study reports the first comprehensive analysis of protein lysine acetylation, 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation, and lysine lactylation in sugarcane. These post-translational modifications were found to be involved in energy metabolism and stress response. The results provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms of protein PTMs in sugarcane.
JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Seungmin Son, Jong Hee Im, Jae-Heung Ko, Kyung-Hwan Han
Summary: Cellular sugar starvation and energy deprivation are important signals for live cells to trigger stress adaptation response. When exposed to cellular energy stress (ES) conditions, plants reconfigure metabolic pathways and restrict vegetative organ growth. The regulatory mechanism underlying this growth restriction response in plants is largely unknown.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Karlie R. Platz, Emma J. Rudisel, Katelynn V. Paluch, Taylor R. Laurin, Kristin E. Dittenhafer-Reed
Summary: The mitochondrial proteome undergoes various post-translational modifications, and this study focused on the effects of acetylation and phosphorylation on the function of mitochondrial RNA polymerase (POLRMT). While some modifications showed slight decrease in the binding ability of POLRMT, there were minimal biological impacts observed in terms of viability, mtDNA content, and mitochondrial transcript levels.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Wei-hua Wang, Tao Yuan, Mei-jia Qian, Fang-jie Yan, Liu Yang, Qiao-jun He, Bo Yang, Jin-jian Lu, Hong Zhu
Summary: This review discusses the regulatory mode of post-translational modifications on KRAS, including prenylation, phosphorylation, and more, while highlighting recent studies targeting these modifications that have shown potent anti-tumor activities.
ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA SINICA
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Yakun Liu, Guifen Wu, Xingxing Ke, Zhifu Zheng, Yueping Zheng
Summary: This study reveals that the ATS1 gene negatively regulates salt resistance in Arabidopsis. Overexpression of ATS1 leads to decreased salt tolerance in terms of seed germination, biomass, chlorophyll content, pod development, and increased root/shoot ratio and anthocyanidin content. Mutations in the ATS1 gene result in higher levels of unsaturated fatty acids, which stabilize the plasma membrane under salt stress. The ats1 mutants also regulate ion homeostasis by upregulating K+ uptake and downregulating Na+ uptake genes.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ramesh Kumar, Divya Mehta, Nimisha Mishra, Debasis Nayak, Sujatha Sunil
Summary: Viruses depend on host cells for replication and survival, utilizing post-translational modifications (PTMs) to control viral replication. Host proteins use PTMs to inhibit viral protein synthesis, eliminate viruses, while PTMs of viral proteins can increase their solubility and virulence.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jianzhong Hu, Jing Cai, Su Jung Park, Kwanuk Lee, Yuxia Li, Yao Chen, Jae-Young Yun, Tao Xu, Hunseung Kang
Summary: This study reveals that m(6)A methylation plays a crucial role in salt stress tolerance in Arabidopsis, with mutants of m(6)A writer components showing salt-sensitive phenotypes. It was demonstrated that VIR-mediated m(6)A methylation modulates reactive oxygen species homeostasis and mRNA stability of salt stress negative regulators. The findings highlight the important role of epitranscriptomic mRNA methylation in Arabidopsis salt stress response and its relationship with 3'UTR length and mRNA stability during stress adaptation.
Article
Plant Sciences
Ana Rita Leal, Pedro Miguel Barros, Boris Parizot, Helena Sapeta, Nick Vangheluwe, Tonni Grube Andersen, Tom Beeckman, M. Margarida Oliveira
Summary: Using Arabidopsis as a model, this study provides a detailed analysis of the translatome of developing phellem cells, revealing the initiation of suberization early after cork cambium division and the identification of novel players in suberin monomer transport and assembly as well as transcriptional regulation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Naazneen Sofeo, Dirk C. Winkelman, Karina Leung, Basil J. Nikolau
Summary: ACS in plants is regulated by the acetylation of a specific lysine residue, similarly to microbial and mammalian ACS. This study reveals that the acetylation of the Arabidopsis ACS enzyme significantly inhibits its catalytic efficiency, suggesting its potential role in regulating acetate flux and homeostasis in plant plastids.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR BIOSCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Cell Biology
Linbin Zhou, Danny Siu-Chun Ng, Jason C. Yam, Li Jia Chen, Clement C. Tham, Chi Pui Pang, Wai Kit Chu
Summary: This review summarizes recent findings on the impact of post-translational modifications (PTMs) on the functions of retinoblastoma protein (pRb). PTMs on pRb play crucial roles in cell cycle regulation, cell survival, and differentiation, and altered PTMs can lead to anomalies in cell proliferation and tumorigenesis. Understanding the post-translational modulation of pRb could facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for various human diseases.
JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Katie Dunphy, Paul Dowling, Despina Bazou, Peter O'Gorman
Summary: This review discusses techniques used for PTM analysis and their applications in blood cancer research. Mass spectrometry-based techniques are at the forefront of PTM analysis due to their ability to detect large numbers of modified proteins with high sensitivity and specificity. Immuno-based techniques remain popular, with improvements in the quality of commercially available modification-specific antibodies facilitating the detection of modified proteins with high affinity. PTM-focused studies on blood cancers have provided information on altered cellular processes that contribute to the malignant phenotype, while many blood cancer therapies target protein modifications to exert their anti-cancer effects. Continued optimization of protocols and techniques for PTM analysis in blood cancer research will lead to novel insights into mechanisms of malignant transformation and the identification of new biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
Review
Immunology
Chong Feng, Lening Zhang, Xin Chang, Dongliang Qin, Tao Zhang
Summary: The immune checkpoint molecules PD-1 and PD-L1 are promising targets for tumor immunotherapy. PD-L1 overexpression on tumor cells inhibits T cell activation by binding to PD-1, leading to tumor immune escape. Targeting PD-1/PD-L1 involves blocking this binding and restoring immune cell killing effect.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Mathematical & Computational Biology
Shahin Ramazi, Javad Zahiri
Summary: Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) involve modifications to amino acid side chains in proteins after biosynthesis, affecting various aspects of protein functions. Disruptions in PTMs can lead to diseases, emphasizing the need for computational methods to predict PTMs. High-throughput experimental methods for PTM discovery are laborious, prompting the exploration of computational tools and databases to advance research in this area.
DATABASE-THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL DATABASES AND CURATION
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jonas Giese, Juergen Eirich, Dirk Walther, Youjun Zhang, Ines Lassowskat, Alisdair R. Fernie, Marlene Elsaesser, Veronica G. Maurino, Markus Schwarzlaender, Iris Finkemeier
Summary: The transition from dark to light in the diurnal cycle causes significant physiological changes in plant metabolism, which require specific modes of regulation. While the activities of key metabolic enzymes regulated by light-dependent post-translational modifications (PTMs) have been extensively studied at the protein level, a comprehensive understanding of the global dynamics of light-dependent PTMs is lacking. In this study, we investigated the changes in the metabolome and proteome in Arabidopsis rosettes in response to light in a time-dependent manner, focusing on phosphorylation, lysine acetylation, and cysteine-based redox switches. Our findings revealed that over 1700 out of more than 24,000 detected PTM sites were altered during the transition from dark to light, with different compartments showing distinct PTM changes at different timepoints.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Naoya Kitamura, James J. Galligan
Summary: Post-translational modifications (PTMs) rapidly respond to stimuli, finely tuning metabolism and gene expression to maintain homeostasis. Advances in mass spectrometry have expanded the list of known PTMs, but many lack defined mechanisms for their regulation. This review discusses the current state of PTM research, including site specificity, analytical methods, chemical tools, and approaches for discovering and validating novel PTMs, providing a comprehensive list and knowledge of their regulation and metabolic origins.
BIOCHEMICAL JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Carmela Giglione, Thierry Meinnel
Summary: Protein myristoylation is a common modification found in all living organisms, where myristate serves as a molecular anchor for tagged proteins targeting membranes. Activation of myristate to myristoyl coenzyme A is required in eukaryotes, while bacteria use derivatives for conversion. This process allows proteins to travel across membranes and endomembrane networks efficiently.
PROGRESS IN LIPID RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Thomas Asensio, Cyril Dian, Jean-Baptiste Boyer, Frederic Riviere, Thierry Meinnel, Carmela Giglione
Summary: The text introduces the characteristics of protein N-acetyltransferases and a new high-throughput assay that can better understand the substrate specificity and activity of any GNAT.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Jay Jethva, Sophie Lichtenauer, Romy Schmidt-Schippers, Anja Steffen-Heins, Gernot Poschet, Markus Wirtz, Joost T. van Dongen, Juergen Eirich, Iris Finkemeier, Wolfgang Bilger, Markus Schwarzlaender, Margret Sauter
Summary: Submergence stress is a growing problem for global agriculture, and the cellular mechanisms for reoxygenation stress management are not fully understood. Our study on Arabidopsis revealed that alternative NADH dehydrogenases (NDs) play a crucial role in the management of anoxia-reoxygenation stress.
Article
Plant Sciences
Markus Wirtz, Wiebke Leemhuis, Ruediger Hell
Summary: Cysteine biosynthesis is crucial for translation and sulfur metabolism in plants. The formation of the cysteine synthase complex in plastids controls photosynthetic capacity and sulfur assimilation rate in tobacco. Enhanced cysteine production in plastids leads to abnormal chloroplast morphology, impaired photosynthesis, and reduced chloroplast numbers in mesophyll cells. These effects are not caused by oxidative stress in plastids but are triggered by the association of the cysteine synthase complex itself.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Migle Kisonaite, Klemens Wild, Karine Lapouge, Genis Valentin Gese, Nikola Kellner, Ed Hurt, Irmgard Sinning
Summary: The authors used cryo-EM to investigate how the RAC complex, a conserved ribosome-associated chaperone triad, assists in cotranslational protein folding. They determined cryo-EM structures of RAC bound to 80S ribosomes, revealing two distinct conformations and a tight interaction between the RAC components. They also discovered a non-canonical interaction that masks the HPD motif in the J domain protein Zuo1, allowing proper positioning of Ssb for activation. These findings provide insights into the dynamic interaction and protein folding process involving RAC and Ssb.
NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Plant Sciences
Priyadarshini Tilak, Florian Kotnik, Guillaume Nee, Julian Seidel, Julia Sindlinger, Paulina Heinkow, Juergen Eirich, Dirk Schwarzer, Iris Finkemeier
Summary: Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins, such as lysine acetylation, play an important role in plant acclimation to environmental stress. This study investigated the role of lysine acetylation in Arabidopsis leaves' response to salt stress and identified substrate proteins of histone deacetylases.
Article
Microbiology
Milka Marjut Hammaren, Hanna Luukinen, Alina Sillanpaeae, Kim Remans, Karine Lapouge, Tania Custodio, Christian Loew, Henna Myllymaeki, Toni Montonen, Markus Seeger, Joseph Robertson, Tuula A. Nyman, Kirsi Savijoki, Mataleena Parikka
Summary: Combining in vitro and ex vivo proteomics, researchers identified surface-exposed proteins on mycobacterial biofilms and developed nanobodies that bind to these proteins, offering a new approach for treating tuberculosis.
Article
Plant Sciences
Jonas Giese, Juergen Eirich, Dirk Walther, Youjun Zhang, Ines Lassowskat, Alisdair R. Fernie, Marlene Elsaesser, Veronica G. Maurino, Markus Schwarzlaender, Iris Finkemeier
Summary: The transition from dark to light in the diurnal cycle causes significant physiological changes in plant metabolism, which require specific modes of regulation. While the activities of key metabolic enzymes regulated by light-dependent post-translational modifications (PTMs) have been extensively studied at the protein level, a comprehensive understanding of the global dynamics of light-dependent PTMs is lacking. In this study, we investigated the changes in the metabolome and proteome in Arabidopsis rosettes in response to light in a time-dependent manner, focusing on phosphorylation, lysine acetylation, and cysteine-based redox switches. Our findings revealed that over 1700 out of more than 24,000 detected PTM sites were altered during the transition from dark to light, with different compartments showing distinct PTM changes at different timepoints.
Article
Plant Sciences
Ross D. Etherington, Mark Bailey, Jean-Baptiste Boyer, Laura Armbruster, Xulyu Cao, Juliet C. Coates, Thierry Meinnel, Markus Wirtz, Carmela Giglione, Daniel J. Gibbs
Summary: This study reveals that Arabidopsis DOA10A-like E3 ligases regulate the turnover of SQUALENE EPOXIDASE 1 independently of the Ac/N-degron pathway. It also shows that DOA10 E3 ligases in Arabidopsis are not major players in the degradation of N-acetylated proteins.
Article
Biology
Zoe Marie Laenger, Moritz Baur, Ana Korsa, Juergen Eirich, Ana Sofia Lindeza, Caroline Zanchi, Iris Finkemeier, Joachim Kurtz
Summary: Most organisms have developed immune strategies to protect themselves from symbionts and pathogens. Insects lack adaptive immunity but exhibit immune priming, which enhances their survival upon subsequent infection. This study explores the proteomes of two closely related strains of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, and identifies the Cry3Aa toxin as a potential immunostimulatory protein in the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms and evolution of immune priming.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yihan Dong, Rasha Aref, Ilaria Forieri, David Schiel, Wiebke Leemhuis, Christian Meyer, Ruediger Hell, Markus Wirtz
Summary: Plants respond to environmental challenges by undergoing developmental transitions, and the activation of the Target of Rapamycin (TOR) kinase plays a crucial role in the nutrient deprivation-induced increase in the root-to-shoot ratio in Arabidopsis. Sulfate limitation downregulates TOR in shoots, leading to autophagy activation and enhanced carbon allocation to the roots. This carbon allocation is facilitated by the upregulation of sucrose-transporter genes, which allows sucrose to act as both a carbon source and a signal for regulating root apical meristem activity. Sugar-stimulated TOR activity in the roots suppresses autophagy and maintains root apical meristem activity to support root growth and enhance sulfate mining in the soil.
Letter
Plant Sciences
Thierry Meinnel