One-Pot Multicomponent Synthesis and Bioevaluation of Tetrahydroquinoline Derivatives as Potential Antioxidants, alpha-Amylase Enzyme Inhibitors, Anti-Cancerous and Anti-Inflammatory Agents

Mankind has always suffered from multiple diseases. Therefore, there has been a rigorous need in the field of medicinal chemistry for the design and discovery of new and potent molecular entities. In this work, thirteen tetrahydroquinoline derivatives were synthesized and evaluated biologically for their antioxidant, alpha-amylase enzyme inhibitory, anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities. SF8 showed the lowest IC50 of 29.19 +/- 0.25 mu g/mL by scavenging DPPH free radicals. SF5 showed significant antioxidant activity in total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total reducing power (TRP) assays. SF5 and SF9 showed the maximum inhibition of alpha-amylase enzyme i.e., 97.47% and 89.93%, respectively, at 200 mu g/mL concentration. Five compounds were shortlisted to determine their anti-proliferative potential against Hep-2C cells. The study was conducted for 24, 48 and 72 h. SF8 showed significant results, having an IC50 value of 11.9 +/- 1.04 mu M at 72 h when compared with standard cisplatin (IC50 value of 14.6 +/- 1.01 mu M). An in vitro nitric oxide (NO) assay was performed to select compounds for in vivo anti-inflammatory activity evaluation. SF13 scavenged the NO level to a maximum of 85% at 50 mu M concentration, followed by SF1 and SF2. Based on the NO scavenging assay results, in vivo anti-inflammatory studies were also performed and the results showed significant activity compared to the standard, acetylsalicylic acid (ASA).