Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Babhrubahan Roy, Simon J. Y. Han, Adrienne N. Fontan, Soubhagyalaxmi Jema, Ajit P. Joglekar
Summary: Accurate chromosome segregation during cell division requires proper attachment between the spindle apparatus and the chromosomes. This is ensured by the combined activity of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) and an error correction mechanism. Research has shown that Aurora B kinase directly promotes the production of the mitotic checkpoint complex (MCC) and works downstream of Mps1 in promoting SAC signaling.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aurelien Courtois, Shuhei Yoshida, Osamu Takenouchi, Kohei Asai, Tomoya S. Kitajima
Summary: This study demonstrates the importance of stable kinetochore-microtubule attachments in confining MTOC positions at spindle poles and limiting spindle elongation in acentriolar spindles. The gradual MTOC sorting process in the metaphase spindle is crucial for maintaining spindle integrity. Disruption of stable kinetochore-microtubule attachments leads to failure in MTOC confinement and spindle elongation termination.
Review
Cell Biology
Malina K. Iwanski, Lukas C. Kapitein
Summary: Microtubules are essential for neuronal development and function, serving as tracks for intracellular transport and being involved in various neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. The polar nature and composition of microtubules, including tubulin isotypes, post-translational modifications, associated proteins, stability, and orientation, play important roles in their function. Understanding these features and their effects on transport and organization in neurons is crucial.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Alexander K. Salomon, Sai Aung Phyo, Naima Okami, Julie Heffler, Patrick Robison, Alexey I. Bogush, Benjamin L. Prosser
Summary: In heart failure, a post-translationally detyrosinated microtubule increase in abundance, leading to stiffening of the cardiomyocyte and impairment of its contractile function. This process promotes interactions between microtubules, desmin intermediate filaments, and the sarcomere, increasing cytoskeletal stiffness. Through experiments, it was found that desmin stabilizes growing microtubules at the sarcomere Z-disk level and rescues shrinking microtubules from depolymerization. Lowering detyrosination levels results in frequent depolymerization and less efficient growth of microtubules.
BASIC RESEARCH IN CARDIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Neurosciences
Camille Cuveillier, Benoit Boulan, Charlotte Ravanello, Eric Denarier, Jean-Christophe Deloulme, Sylvie Gory-Faure, Christian Delphin, Christophe Bosc, Isabelle Arnal, Annie Andrieux
Summary: MAPs play crucial roles in the development and function of the central nervous system by influencing microtubules and actin cytoskeletons, participating in signaling pathways, and contributing to molecular actions.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
J. Richard McIntosh
Summary: Anaphase A refers to the movement of recently separated chromosomes to the spindle pole they face, accompanied by the shortening of kinetochore-attached microtubules. Cells regulate microtubule dynamics by localizing relevant enzymes and microtubule-associated proteins to specific places, while motor enzymes contribute to anaphase A by altering microtubule stability and pushing or pulling microtubules through the cell.
SEMINARS IN CELL & DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sebastian J. Baumann, Julia Grawenhoff, Elsa C. Rodrigues, Silvia Speroni, Maria Gili, Artem Komissarov, Sebastian P. Maurer
Summary: Understanding where mRNAs are translated in the cytoplasm is crucial for protein expression. In this study, researchers discover that APC acts as an adaptor for kinesin-based mRNA transport, forming stable complexes with neuronal mRNA fragments. The interaction between APC-RNPs and kinesin-1 enables highly processive mRNA transport along microtubules, and the presence of end-binding protein 1 (EB1) facilitates dynamic movement of APC-RNPs. These findings establish the importance of APC in the bidirectional movement of neuronal transport mRNPs.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Joao Barbosa, Claudio E. Sunkel, Carlos Conde
Summary: This review provides an overview of the molecular strategies that monitor and fine-tune KT-MT attachment formation during mitosis, to ensure accurate segregation of sister chromatids. This process is crucial for safe mitotic progression.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Developmental Biology
Pankajam Thyagarajan, Chengye Feng, David Lee, Matthew Shorey, Melissa M. Rolls
Summary: Microtubule polarity plays a crucial role in neuronal polarization by influencing other cytoskeletal features, although changes in microtubule polarity have minimal effects on overall neuron shape.
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Matthias Weiss, Anna Chanou, Tamas Schauer, Andrey Tvardovskiy, Stefan Meiser, Ann-Christine Koenig, Tobias Schmidt, Elisabeth Kruse, Henning Ummethum, Manuel Trauner, Marcel Werner, Maxime Lalonde, Stefanie M. Hauck, Antonio Scialdone, Stephan Hamperl
Summary: This study uses site-specific recombination and single-locus chromatin isolation to purify early-efficient (EE) and late-inefficient (LI) replication origins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By identifying the protein composition of chromatin regions surrounding these origins, the researchers discover the microtubule-binding Ask1/DASH complex as a factor regulating replication timing (RT) and chromosomal organization. Targeting Ask1 to specific origin sites advances RT, while global degradation of Ask1 or inhibiting microtubule dynamics alters the RT of a subset of origins.
Article
Cell Biology
Tim Koenig, Hendrik Nolte, Mari J. Aaltonen, Takashi Tatsuta, Michiel Krols, Thomas Stroh, Thomas Langer, Heidi M. McBride
Summary: The study characterizes a MIRO1/2- and DRP1-dependent MDV biogenesis pathway and reveals how MDVs shuttle fully assembled protein complexes to lysosomes, maintaining mitochondrial proteome quality. This provides insights into a selective quality control mechanism for multi-subunit complexes within mitochondria.
NATURE CELL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Han-Hsuan Liu, Chien-Hsiang Hsu, Lily Y. Jan, Yuh-Nung Jan
Summary: The study established a photo-switchable assay system for detecting dendrite degeneration and repair, and used the WldS protein as a test case to investigate the mechanisms underlying dendrite regeneration and repair.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Jing He, Nihui Zhang, Yue Zhu, Rongrong Jin, Fang Wu
Summary: Integration of neurogenesis into nerve repair materials should consider anti-inflammatory function, using MSC spheroids-loaded collagen hydrogels demonstrated superior anti-inflammatory efficacy and neurogenic activity, modulated by spheroid size. MSC spheroids promoted secretion of trophic factors, ECM, cytokines, and immunomodulatory factors, activating neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction for neuronal differentiation via PI3K-Akt pathway.
Article
Cell Biology
Olivera Mitevska, Pak Wing Lam, Lydia Daly, Philip Auckland
Summary: Mitotic cell division requires the formation of microtubule attachments for chromosome segregation and mitotic progression. The shedding of the fibrous corona, which is mediated by dynein, plays a crucial role in this process. Little is known about the regulation of dynein stripping and its response to attachment maturation.
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuguo Xiao, Jinyan Guo, Zhaobin Dong, Annis Richardson, Erin Patterson, Sidney Mangrum, Seth Bybee, Edoardo Bertolini, Madelaine Bartlett, George Chuck, Andrea L. Eveland, Michael J. Scanlon, Clinton Whipple
Summary: This study investigates the complex interactions of genes regulating grass inflorescence development through transcript profiling and genetic and phylogenetic analyses. The findings suggest that the genes tsh1 and lg2 play important roles in suppressing leaf growth and promoting branching in inflorescences.
Review
Developmental Biology
Melissa M. Rolls, Pankajam Thyagarajan, Chengye Feng
Summary: The microtubule cytoskeleton of neurons contributes to their longevity, with stable microtubules that can be modulated in response to injury and stress. Microtubule dynamics play a key role in neuroprotection and regeneration after axon injury, highlighting the importance of understanding these processes for developing strategies in promoting neural health.
DEVELOPMENTAL NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Maria Elena Pero, Cristina Meregalli, Xiaoyi Qu, Grace Ji-eun Shin, Atul Kumar, Matthew Shorey, Melissa Rolls, Kurenai Tanji, Thomas H. Brannagan, Paola Alberti, Giulia Fumagalli, Laura Monza, Wesley B. Grueber, Guido Cavaletti, Francesca Bartolini
Summary: The study demonstrates that bortezomib affects microtubule stability in sensory neurons by promoting the accumulation of delta 2 tubulin, leading to peripheral neuropathy. Furthermore, it suggests a previously unrecognized pathogenic role for D2 in bortezomib-induced peripheral neuropathy, potentially through altered regulation of mitochondria motility.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Chengye Feng, Joseph M. Cleary, Gregory O. Kothe, Michelle C. Stone, Alexis T. Weiner, James Hertzler, William O. Hancock, Melissa M. Rolls
Summary: Axons and dendrites are distinguished by microtubule polarity, with dendrites containing minus-end-out microtubules and axons having plus-end-out microtubules. Trim9 and kinesin-5 work together at microtubule plus ends to promote new microtubule growth and resist catastrophe. Successful exit of microtubules at branch points depends on their orientation and parallel orientation with other microtubules.
JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Alexis T. Weiner, Pankajam Thyagarajan, Yitao Shen, Melissa M. Rolls
Summary: Microtubules play a crucial role in the structure and transport within neurons, serving as tracks for long-range transport mediated by dynein and kinesin. The constant demand for transport requires the presence of new microtubules throughout the cell, highlighting the importance of microtubule nucleation to maintain the neuronal microtubule array.
NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Developmental Biology
Pankajam Thyagarajan, Chengye Feng, David Lee, Matthew Shorey, Melissa M. Rolls
Summary: Microtubule polarity plays a crucial role in neuronal polarization by influencing other cytoskeletal features, although changes in microtubule polarity have minimal effects on overall neuron shape.
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Developmental Biology
Melissa M. Rolls
Summary: The microtubule cytoskeleton is crucial for long-lived neurons, with their correct polarity being essential for transporting cargoes in the right direction. This review focuses on how microtubule polarity is established and maintained in neurons, highlighting the surprising complexity of mechanisms involved in organizing microtubules in the correct orientation.
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Developmental Biology
Michelle C. Stone, Dylan Y. Seebold, Matthew Shorey, Gregory O. Kothe, Melissa M. Rolls
Summary: Axon regeneration after injury has been studied for many animals over centuries, while the response of neurons to dendrite injury has only been investigated in the past decade. Although dendrite regeneration has been observed in invertebrate model systems, it has not been examined in vertebrates. This study used zebrafish motor neurons to examine dendrite regeneration, addressing two gaps in our knowledge: whether post-synaptic dendrites can regenerate and whether vertebrate dendrites can regenerate. The findings demonstrate that zebrafish motor neurons have the ability to regenerate a new dendrite arbor.
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Kadidia Pemba Adula, Matthew Shorey, Vasudha Chauhan, Khaled Nassman, Shu-Fan Chen, Melissa M. Rolls, Alvaro Sagasti
Summary: DLK and LZK play different roles in zebrafish, promoting axon regeneration in motor neurons while inhibiting excessive growth in sensory neurons.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Developmental Biology
Rachel D. Swope, J. Ian Hertzler, Michelle C. Stone, Gregory O. Kothe, Melissa M. Rolls
Summary: The exocyst complex plays a crucial role in regulating intracellular trafficking and tethering secretory vesicles to the plasma membrane. This study investigates its function in neuron outgrowth using Drosophila sensory neurons as a model system. The results show that exocyst subunit RNAi significantly reduces axon and dendrite regeneration in response to injury and during developmental pruning, indicating the essential role of exocyst in neurite outgrowth.
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Developmental Biology
J. Ian Hertzler, Annabelle R. Bernard, Melissa M. Rolls
Summary: Unlike many cell types, neurons do not usually regenerate if damaged. This study investigates the regeneration of dendrites, a critical process for maintaining neuronal function. By studying Drosophila nociceptive neurons, the researchers found that dendrite regeneration can restore behavior and functional restoration can occur even when the new arbor has only covered a small portion of its former territory.
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Michelle C. Stone, Abigail S. Mauger, Melissa M. Rolls
Summary: Axon regeneration is crucial for maintaining the lifelong function of neurons. This study investigates the ability of ciliated sensory neurons to grow new axons after proximal axon injury. The results show that these neurons are not intrinsically limited in their ability to regenerate axons, and neurites can regrow in various forms after injury. The findings shed light on the flexibility and potential of ciliated sensory neurons in responding to axon damage.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Song Song, Bomsoo Cho, Alexis T. Weiner, Silas Boye Nissen, Irene Ojeda Naharros, Pablo Sanchez Bosch, Kaye Suyama, Yanhui Hu, Li He, Tanya Svinkina, Namrata D. Udeshi, Steven A. Carr, Norbert Perrimon, Jeffrey D. Axelrod
Summary: This study identified proteins involved in regulating planar cell polarity (PCP) using mass spectrometry-based proteomics. It was found that the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 1 (Pp1-87B) and the regulatory subunit PNUTS are involved in regulating PCP. The results suggest that cycling between phosphorylated and unphosphorylated forms of core PCP components may regulate cell polarity.