Article
Physiology
Oliver J. Odell, Samuel G. Impey, Brandon J. Shad, Tim Podlogar, Rafael B. Salgueiro, David S. Rowlands, Gareth A. Wallis
Summary: The coingestion of glucose and galactose does not enhance the oxidation of galactose during exercise. The combined ingestion of isoenergetic galactose-glucose provides similar exogenous carbohydrate oxidation to glucose during exercise.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Shougo Tsujino, Naohisa Nosaka, Shohei Sadamitsu, Kazuhiko Kato
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effects of daily ingestion of 2 grams of MCTs for 2 weeks on fat burning during physical activities in sedentary individuals. The results showed that MCT ingestion significantly increased fat oxidation and decreased respiratory exchange ratio during exercise.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Mercedes Gil-Campos, Alexandra Perez-Ferreiros, Francisco Jesus Llorente-Cantarero, Augusto Anguita-Ruiz, Juan Jose Bedoya-Carpente, Anton Kalen, Luis A. Moreno, Gloria Bueno, Angel Gil, Concepcion M. Aguilera, Rosaura Leis
Summary: This study aimed to identify dietary and physical activity patterns in children with overweight and obesity through cluster analysis. Three clusters were identified with varying levels of physical activity and adherence to dietary recommendations. The study found that cluster 3, with the highest physical activity level, had lower body fat percentage and higher lean body mass compared to cluster 2. Adherence to both physical activity and dietary guidelines is important in understanding obesogenic habits in pediatric populations.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stephanie L. Padilla
Summary: In mice, the ovarian hormone oestradiol sensitizes neurons in the hypothalamus to a melanocortin hormone, leading to increased physical activity.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Huiting Xu, Yujue Wang, Hyokjoon Kwon, Ankit Shah, Katarzyna Kalemba, Xiaoyang Su, Ling He, Fredric E. Wondisford
Summary: Fasting hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus is caused by un-regulated glucagon secretion that activates gluconeogenesis. Studies of hepatocytes indicate that glycerol is the main substrate for glucose carbon production. Hepatic glucagon action is likely to involve multiple mechanisms.
JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sangeetha Shyam, Ke Xin Lee, Angeline Shu Wei Tan, Tien An Khoo, Shivani Harikrishnan, Shehzeen Alnoor Lalani, Amutha Ramadas
Summary: Personalized nutrition is an approach that tailors nutrition advice based on individuals' genetic information. Despite interest among scholars, the impact of this approach on lifestyle habits and health has not been adequately explored. A systematic review of randomized trials suggests that there is limited evidence supporting the consistent benefits of personalized nutrition in improving dietary, behavioral, or health outcomes. Future trials should focus on improving methodological quality and expanding the generalizability of the results.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Thorsten Schmidt, Philip Suess, Dominik M. Schulte, Anne Letsch, Wiebke Jensen
Summary: The diagnosis and treatment of cancer can cause physical and psychological impairment, and side effects may limit treatment effectiveness. However, studies have shown that physical activity and exercise therapy are feasible and recommended for cancer patients. Additionally, combining nutrition therapy and physical activity can prevent and reduce treatment-related side effects. Evidence-based recommendations for cancer prevention through nutrition therapy and exercise should be integrated into treatment plans and healthcare services.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Jeffrey A. Rothschild, Andrew E. Kilding, Sophie C. Broome, Tom Stewart, John B. Cronin, Daniel J. Plews
Summary: This study found that exercising in the overnight-fasted state increased fat oxidation during submaximal exercise, while exercise following a carbohydrate-rich breakfast reduced fat oxidation. Pre-exercise protein ingestion allowed similarly high levels of fat oxidation, and there were no differences in perceived exertion, hunger, or performance. Additionally, pre-exercise nutrition ingestion did not influence exercise-induced oxidative stress.
Article
Oncology
Cheryl L. Rock, Cynthia A. Thomson, Kristen R. Sullivan, Carol L. Howe, Lawrence H. Kushi, Bette J. Caan, Marian L. Neuhouser, Elisa Bandera, Ying Wang, Kimberly Robien, Karen M. Basen-Engquist, Justin C. Brown, Kerry S. Courneya, Tracy E. Crane, David O. Garcia, Barbara L. Grant, Kathryn K. Hamilton, Sheri J. Hartman, Stacey A. Kenfield, Maria Elena Martinez, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Larissa Nekhlyudov, Linda Overholser, Alpa Patel, Bernardine M. Pinto, Mary E. Platek, Erika Rees-Punia, Colleen K. Spees, Susan M. Gapstur, Marjorie L. McCullough
Summary: This article discusses the impact of nutrition, physical activity, and diet on recurrence and overall survival rates among cancer survivors. It provides evidence-based recommendations for cancer survivors and highlights the importance of addressing survivors' needs through clinical care coordination and resources.
CA-A CANCER JOURNAL FOR CLINICIANS
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
S. E. A. N. A. NEWSOM, H. A. R. R. I. S. O. N. D. STIERWALT, S. A. R. A. H. E. EHRLICHER, M. A. T. T. H. E. W. M. ROBINSON
Summary: In sedentary adults, a single bout of moderate-intensity cycling induces modest increases in intrinsic mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation that are consistent across multiple substrates.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2021)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Kaitlin R. Taibl, Moriah P. Bellissimo, Matthew Ryan Smith, Ken H. Liu, ViLinh T. Tran, Dean P. Jones, Thomas R. Ziegler, Jessica A. Alvarez
Summary: This study used metabolomics to analyze plasma samples from healthy fasted adults and identified diverse metabolic pathways and metabolites associated with substrate utilization. These findings contribute to a better understanding of metabolism during the fasted state. Future applications of this method in clinical populations are warranted.
Article
Sport Sciences
Meri M. Salokannel, Oona-Mari Hakulinen, Juha P. Ahtiainen
Summary: The aim of this study was to investigate whether periodising carbohydrate intake around specific training sessions will enhance endurance training adaptations. The results showed that periodised carbohydrate availability did not have any effect on substrate oxidation, but it seemed to enhance the capacity to perform high-intensity exercise.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Emilio Balbuena, Junrui Cheng, Abdulkerim Eroglu
Summary: This study found that carotenoid-rich foods may have stronger efficacy in mitigating NAFLD compared to foods with low carotenoid levels, possibly due to the effects of carotenoids on fatty acid synthesis-related proteins and their potential to inhibit NAFLD by improving beta-oxidation.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Marcelina Radziszewska, Joanna Smarkusz-Zarzecka, Lucyna Ostrowska
Summary: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a chronic digestive disorder that is diagnosed based on the Rome IV criteria. People with IBS often associate their symptoms with the food they eat, leading to dietary restrictions. The FODMAP diet is currently recommended for IBS patients, but it may not work for everyone. Other unconventional diets lack research support and may worsen nutritional status. Physical activity and supplementation, such as probiotics and vitamin D, can be beneficial for managing IBS symptoms. This review aims to analyze the impact of various food items, physical activity, and dietary supplementation on the course of IBS.
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Monika Sejbuk, Iwona Mironczuk-Chodakowska, Anna Maria Witkowska
Summary: Sleep quality can be influenced by multiple factors, such as nutrition, stimulant use, and physical activity. Sleep disorders and insomnia can contribute to various health issues.
Review
Physiology
Peter Leo, James Spragg, Tim Podlogar, Justin S. Lawley, Inigo Mujika
Summary: This review critically reflects on power profiling strategies in cycling, provides updated viewpoints for applied researchers, and suggests that field testing should always adhere to pre-established guidelines. Power-duration parameters can be derived from the critical power model.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Ed Maunder, Daniel J. Plews, Gareth A. Wallis, Matthew J. Brick, Warren B. Leigh, Wee-Leong Chang, Tom Stewart, Casey M. Watkins, Andrew E. Kilding
Summary: The study found strong correlations between whole-body fat oxidation rate during fasted exercise and skeletal muscle parameters, endurance performance, and fat oxidation during fed-state exercise, suggesting that non-invasive measures of fat oxidation may be useful in profiling endurance athletes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Tim Podlogar, Tina Bolcic, Simon Cirnski, Nina Verdel, Tadej Debevec
Summary: The study compared the effects of consuming a tepid carbohydrate-menthol sports drink and an isocaloric carbohydrate sports drink on thermal perception and cycling endurance capacity. It was found that adding menthol did not improve thermal comfort or endurance exercise capacity during intense virtual cycling sessions lasting around 65 minutes.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SPORT SCIENCE
(2022)
Editorial Material
Physiology
Tim Podlogar, Peter Leo, James Spragg
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Tim Podlogar, Spela Bokal, Simon Cirnski, Gareth A. Wallis
Summary: This study investigated the effects of different carbohydrate ingestion methods on carbohydrate oxidation rates during long endurance exercise in highly trained cyclists. The results showed that ingestion of carbohydrates at a rate of 120 g/h resulted in higher exogenous carbohydrate oxidation rates, but did not lead to additional sparing of endogenous carbohydrates.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Physiology
Tim Podlogar, Peter Leo, James Spragg
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Veronica L. Li, Yang He, Kevin Contrepois, Hailan Liu, Joon T. Kim, Amanda L. Wiggenhorn, Julia T. Tanzo, Alan Sheng-Hwa Tung, Xuchao Lyu, Peter-James H. Zushin, Robert S. Jansen, Basil Michael, Kang Yong Loh, Andrew C. Yang, Christian S. Carl, Christian T. Voldstedlund, Wei Wei, Stephanie M. Terrell, Benjamin C. Moeller, Rick M. Arthur, Gareth A. Wallis, Koen van de Wetering, Andreas Stahl, Bente Kiens, Erik A. Richter, Steven M. Banik, Michael P. Snyder, Yong Xu, Jonathan Z. Long
Summary: Exercise stimulates the production of a blood-borne metabolite called Lac-Phe, which suppresses feeding and obesity. This metabolite is synthesized in specific cells and controls appetite, reduces fat content, and improves glucose balance. It is also observed in humans and racehorses, suggesting that it is a molecular effector associated with physical activity in multiple species.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Intan Suhana Munira Mat Azmi, Gareth A. Wallis, Mike J. White, Anna Puig-Ribera, Frank F. Eves
Summary: This study examines the feasibility of using stair climbing as a way to interrupt prolonged sitting and its effects on glucose and lipid profiles. The results indicate that prompted stair climbing is beneficial for health outcomes and well tolerated by employees at work.
Article
Physiology
Oliver J. Odell, Samuel G. Impey, Brandon J. Shad, Tim Podlogar, Rafael B. Salgueiro, David S. Rowlands, Gareth A. Wallis
Summary: The coingestion of glucose and galactose does not enhance the oxidation of galactose during exercise. The combined ingestion of isoenergetic galactose-glucose provides similar exogenous carbohydrate oxidation to glucose during exercise.
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Sport Sciences
Tim Podlogar, Gareth A. Wallis
Summary: This narrative review provides an overview of the role of carbohydrate in the diet of endurance athletes. It emphasizes the importance of personalized carbohydrate recommendations and highlights the limited benefits of the train-low approach. The review also calls for future research and technological innovation to further support carbohydrate intake recommendations.
Letter
Physiology
Tim Podlogar, Peter Leo, James Spragg
JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Sarah R. Jackman, Gareth A. Wallis, Jinglei Yu, Andrew Philp, Keith Baar, Kevin D. Tipton, Oliver C. Witard
Summary: This study aimed to examine the interaction between carbohydrate (CHO) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) on myofibrillar protein synthesis (MyoPS) rates following exercise. The results showed that co-ingestion of BCAA and CHO can enhance the acute response of MyoPS to resistance exercise in trained young males.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SPORT NUTRITION AND EXERCISE METABOLISM
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Biological
D. I. Podesta, A. K. Blannin, G. A. Wallis
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the effect of manipulating post-exercise energy substrate availability on appetite, energy intake, and energy expenditure. The results showed that immediate post-exercise energy replacement with a high carbohydrate/low-fat drink resulted in higher short-term activity energy expenditure and lower appetite ratings compared to low carbohydrate/high-fat replacement.
PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Sport Sciences
Caroline A. Tarnowski, Sophie L. Wardle, Thomas J. O'Leary, Robert M. Gifford, Julie P. Greeves, Gareth A. Wallis
Summary: Prolonged low energy availability can negatively impact athletes' health and performance. The current measuring method for energy intake is limited and relies on self-reporting. This article introduces the energy balance method, which provides a more objective measurement of energy intake and can help identify low energy availability.
SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN
(2023)