Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Maria Bonvicini, Silvia Travaglini, Diana Lelli, Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi, Claudio Pedone
Summary: Citicoline has positive effects on cognitive function, but the overall quality of the studies is poor with significant risk of bias in favor of the intervention.
Review
Chemistry, Medicinal
Yash Pal Singh, Navneet Kumar, Brijesh Singh Chauhan, Prabha Garg
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that causes memory loss and cognitive dysfunction. Current treatment options provide symptomatic relief but do not address the underlying disease mechanisms. Novel drug development, such as the use of carbamate as a potential core scaffold, is needed to target the basic mechanisms of the disease and provide neuroprotective effects.
DRUG DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Shirin Arjmandi-Rad, John D. Vestergaard Nieland, Kathryn G. Goozee, Salar Vaseghi
Summary: This article reviews the effect of different AChEIs on EEG patterns in patients with AD. The results show that AChEIs can decrease beta, theta, and delta frequency bands, but conflicting results were found for alpha band.
NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Honghua Zhang, Yuying Wang, Yuqing Wang, Xuelin Li, Shuzhi Wang, Zhen Wang
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is the fourth leading cause of death among the elderly worldwide, posing enormous challenges to society. Developing multi-target directed ligands has become a major strategy in combating AD due to its complex pathogenesis. Carbamate moiety, which shares structural similarity to the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, has received significant attention in the discovery of multifunctional cholinesterase inhibitors. Preclinical studies have shown that carbamate-based cholinesterase inhibitors can effectively increase the level of acetylcholine and improve cognitive impairments and behavioral deficits, providing a promising approach for AD treatment.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Junghee Ha, Nak-Hoon Son, Young Ho Park, Eun Lee, Eosu Kim, Woo Jung Kim
Summary: This study investigated the risk of incident seizure following cholinesterase inhibitor use in patients with dementia. The results showed no immediate increase in seizure risk associated with cholinesterase inhibitor use, although the risk of seizure did increase after one year of continued medication intake in patients with dementia. Further studies are needed to confirm the safety of cognitive enhancers in relation to seizures in dementia patients.
Article
Neurosciences
Alberto Castagna, Andrea Fabbo, Ciro Manzo, Roberto Lacava, Carmen Ruberto, Giovanni Ruotolo
Summary: In older patients with AD, triple therapy with citicoline, memantine, and AChEI was more effective than memantine and AChEI without citicoline in maintaining the MMSE total score after 12 months.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Anze Meden, Damijan Knez, Xavier Brazzolotto, Florian Nachon, Jose Dias, Jurij Svete, Jure Stojan, Uros Groselj, Stanislav Gobec
Summary: The lead optimization of a series of tryptophan-based nanomolar BChE inhibitors resulted in highly potent, achiral, sp(3)-rich tertiary amines with better synthetic accessibility and high selectivity. Introduction of a carbamate warhead allowed conversion to pseudoirreversible inhibitors that covalently bound to BChE. The discovery of a novel leaving group chemotype and the structural analysis provided valuable insights for future optimization of this series.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Hafsa Amat-ur-Rasool, Mehboob Ahmed, Shahida Hasnain, Wayne G. Carter
Summary: Different ChEIs have varying potency in inhibiting AChE, with synergistic effects observed in dual-drug combinations. Dual-drug combinations may offer a novel and more cost-effective approach to treating AD patients.
Review
Clinical Neurology
Ezio Giacobini, A. Claudio Cuello, Abraham Fisher
Summary: The review discusses the use of cholinesterase inhibitors in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, the role of the basal forebrain cholinergic system in cognition, and potential future therapies targeting the NGF metabolic pathway and M1 muscarinic receptor. It provides an updated view of the cholinergic-oriented therapy of Alzheimer's disease and suggests new alternatives to enhance its clinical effect.
Article
Neurosciences
Maria Lazarova, Lyubka Tancheva, Albena Alexandrova, Elina Tsvetanova, Almira Georgieva, Miroslava Stefanova, Daniela Tsekova, Lyubomir Vezenkov, Reni Kalfin, Diamara Uzunova, Polina Petkova-Kirova
Summary: This study evaluated four newly synthesized galantamine derivatives for their beneficial effects in a mouse model of dementia, with results showing that three of them, especially Gal 46, significantly improved both short- and long-term memory and exploratory activity. While Gal 34 did not show as convincing behavioral effects as the other three derivatives, it demonstrated persuasive antioxidant and restorative capacities, making all four derivatives promising AD treatment agents and prompting further research.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Federico Emanuele Pozzi, Elisa Conti, Ildebrando Appollonio, Carlo Ferrarese, Lucio Tremolizzo
Summary: This study conducted a systematic review of the predictors of response to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEI) in neurodegenerative dementias. The results showed heterogeneity in duration, drug dosage, and diagnostic criteria. Factors associated with cholinergic deficit and preserved cholinergic neurons were found to be potential predictors of response. Other factors related to drug availability and genetic variations were also identified. The study highlights the importance of considering these predictors when using AChEI therapy in neurodegenerative dementias.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alfred Ngenge Tamfu, Selcuk Kucukaydin, Balakyz Yeskaliyeva, Mehmet Ozturk, Rodica Mihaela Dinica
Summary: Alzheimer's disease is a severe neurodegenerative disorder affecting more than 25 million people globally, with the main challenge being the development of new drugs for long-term treatment or prevention. Natural sources provide promising alternatives for this, with potential phytoconstituents showing low toxicity and high efficiency, serving as potential new therapeutic leads for Alzheimer's disease treatment.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Ignazio Schino, Mariangela Cantore, Modesto de Candia, Cosimo D. Altomare, Catarina Maria, Joao Barros, Vasco Cachatra, Patricia Calado, Karina Shimizu, Adilson A. Freitas, Maria C. Oliveira, Maria J. Ferreira, Jose N. C. Lopes, Nicola A. Colabufo, Amelia P. Rauter
Summary: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is characterized by an imbalance in cholinergic neurotransmission, and the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and increase of butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) activity. Novel 6-benzamide purine nucleosides that selectively target BChE and possess chelating properties were synthesized. These compounds show potential as dual target compounds for the treatment of AD.
Article
Neurosciences
Melissa J. Bailey-Taylor, Nicolas Poupore, Laurie Theriot Roley, Richard L. Goodwin, Brooks Mcphail, Thomas I. Nathaniel
Summary: This study investigated gender differences in late-onset Alzheimer's disease patients treated with cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs). It found that men with a history of alcohol use and certain medications were more likely to receive ChEIs therapy, while older men were less likely to be treated. Similarly, women who were African Americans, received specific medications, and had a history of alcohol use were more likely to receive ChEIs therapy, while older women were less likely to receive treatment.
Article
Neurosciences
Joy R. Wright, Quazi Fahm E. Deen, Anna Stevenson, Leolie L. Telford-Cooke, Craig Parker, Carmen Martin-Ruiz, Joern R. Steinert, Raj N. Kalaria, Elizabeta B. Mukaetova-Ladinska
Summary: The study investigated the diagnostic utility of MPO as a biomarker of AD and how anti-dementia treatment alters plasma MPO concentration. It was found that post-treatment, AD patients exhibited transient upregulation of plasma MPO levels, which may reflect worse therapeutic outcomes.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2022)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Katrina Hannah D. Ignacio, Jose Danilo B. Diestro, Adrian Espiritu, Maria Carissa Pineda-Franks
Summary: Research on the impact of hormonal therapy in male-to-female transgender individuals primarily focuses on cardiovascular risks, while data on chronic health conditions is lacking. A quantitative analysis revealed an estimated frequency of 2% for cerebrovascular events in this population.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Dominique Q. Perez, Adrian Espiritu, Roland Dominic G. Jamora
Summary: This systematic review assesses the efficacy and safety of Perampanel (PER) in patients with status epilepticus (SE). The results suggest that PER may be a therapeutic option for SE, but there is very low certainty of evidence for its use, requiring further research.
EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Adrian Espiritu, Ramon B. Larrazabal, Marie Charmaine C. Sy, Emilio Q. Villanueva, Veeda Michelle M. Anlacan, Roland Dominic G. Jamora
Summary: The study included 244 patients with a history of cancer out of a total of 10,881 COVID-19 hospital admissions. Results showed that having a history of cancer was significantly associated with increased odds of severe/critical COVID-19, in-hospital mortality, respiratory failure, and ICU admission.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Mark Willy L. Mondia, Adrian I. Espiritu, Roland Dominic G. Jamora
Summary: Analyzing online search queries can provide insights into public awareness and real-world epidemiological data of central nervous system tumors. Brain tumor, brain cancer, glioblastoma, and glioma were the most searched keywords. Transient rises in online search volume reflect public interest in more aggressive CNS neoplasms with a high burden of disease.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Adrian Espiritu, Nikolai Gil D. Reyes, Carl Froilan D. Leochico, Marie Charmaine C. Sy, Emilio Q. Villanueva, Veeda Michelle M. Anlacan, Roland Dominic G. Jamora
Summary: This study investigated the association between body mass index (BMI) and adverse outcomes in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The results demonstrated an association between BMI abnormalities and various adverse clinical and neurological outcomes. Race-specific BMI criteria may provide more evident associations.
CLINICAL NUTRITION ESPEN
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Katrina T. Roberto, Roland Dominic G. Jamora, Kevin Michael C. Moalong, Adrian I. Espiritu
Summary: The online search interest in autoimmune encephalitis, autoimmune seizures, and autoimmune epilepsy has increased over time, indicating an increased awareness of these conditions by the public and medical community.
EPILEPSY & BEHAVIOR
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Maria Ruby Rose Q. Castaneda, Adrian Espiritu, Marilyn A. Tan
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive summary of the clinical features of children with PADS at a Philippine tertiary hospital, highlighting the importance of using clinical diagnostic criteria to improve case recognition in low- and middle-income countries. The study also emphasizes the need for international registries with wider geographic representation to develop diagnostic and management guidelines suitable for different levels of care.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Marie Charmaine C. Sy, Adrian Espiritu, Jose Leonard R. Pascual
Summary: A systematic review found a high prevalence of stroke among TBM patients, with varying clinical presentations and locations of stroke, as well as a high proportion of mortality and poor outcomes.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Veeda Michelle M. Anlacan, Bernadeth Lyn C. Piamonte, Marie Charmaine C. Sy, Emilio Q. Q. Villanueva III, Roland Dominic G. Jamora, Adrian I. I. Espiritu
Summary: The Philippine CORONA Study analyzed data from 10,881 COVID-19 admissions and found that older age and dementia were associated with an increased risk of mortality, respiratory failure, and ICU admission among COVID-19 patients.
DEMENTIA AND GERIATRIC COGNITIVE DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Adrian I. I. Espiritu, Sybil Lizanne R. Bravo, Hannah Andrea A. Sombilla, Ourlad Alzeus G. Tantengco, Marie Charmaine C. Sy, Alvin Duke R. Sy, Veeda Michelle M. Anlacan, Roland Dominic G. Jamora
Summary: This study found that pregnant women with COVID-19 infection did not have significantly increased risk of mortality, respiratory failure, or need for ICU admission compared to nonpregnant women. However, pregnant women were twice as likely as nonpregnant women to have a hospital stay longer than 14 days.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Adrian I. Espiritu, Ma. Sergia Fatima P. Sucaldito, Deborah Ignacia D. Ona, Almira Doreen Abigail O. Apor, Marie Charmaine C. Sy, Veeda Michelle M. Anlacan, Roland Dominic G. Jamora
Summary: This retrospective cohort study explored the association between hypertension and clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. The results showed that patients with hypertension had a higher risk of in-hospital mortality, respiratory failure, ICU admission, and severe/critical COVID-19.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Pediatrics
Roland Dominic G. Jamora, Marie Abigail R. Lim, Adrian I. Espiritu
Summary: Through an analytical and infodemiological study on web-based interest in dengvaxia from 2015 to 2020 in 18 dengue endemic countries, it was found that the Philippines had the highest search volume index for dengvaxia, yet there was no correlation between the search volume for dengvaxia and the vaccines included in the National Immunization Program or national immunization coverage.
PEDIATRICS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Louie F. Dy, Erika P. Ong, Adrian Espiritu, Julian Spears, Abdelsimar T. Omar
Summary: Little is known about the survivorship of glioblastoma patients in low- and middle-income countries. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted, which found limited evidence suggesting improved survivorship after the introduction of the Stupp protocol.
NEUROSURGICAL REVIEW
(2022)