Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Bertrand Jordan
Summary: The HeLa cell line, derived from a Black cancer patient in 1951 without her knowledge, has become the center of a legal battle as the patient's descendants seek compensation and recognition. This has the potential to have significant impacts on the biotech industry, raising complex issues surrounding ownership of biological materials and compensation for patients.
M S-MEDECINE SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Christopher G. Schwarz, Walter K. Kremers, Arvin Arani, Marios Savvides, Robert I. Reid, Jeffrey L. Gunter, Matthew L. Senjem, Petrice M. Cogswell, Prashanthi Vemuri, Kejal Kantarci, David S. Knopman, Ronald C. Petersen, Clifford R. Jack
Summary: It is now known that research brain MRI, CT, and PET images may be re-identified using face recognition, but applying face-deidentification software can reduce this risk. The re-identification potential and effects of de-facing are unknown for certain research MRI sequences. In this study, the re-identification rates were examined for different MRI sequences, and it was found that high-quality de-facing software can greatly reduce the risk of re-identification for identifiable MRI sequences.
Article
Ethics
Joanna Rozynska
Summary: This paper provides a systematic and principle-based ethical analysis of paying research subjects, arguing that researchers have a moral obligation to offer payment based on the principle of social beneficence. Other ethical principles such as respect for autonomy, individual beneficence, and justice/fairness provide additional moral reasons for offering compensation.
MEDICINE HEALTH CARE AND PHILOSOPHY
(2022)
Article
Business
Caleb Bernacchio
Summary: This article argues that recognition is a fundamental good that corporations should provide to employees, as it is essential to their well-being and the long-term success of the firm. The author develops a complex notion of recognition involving both status recognition and capacity recognition, and highlights its importance in business ethics and organization studies.
JOURNAL OF BUSINESS ETHICS
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Will Schupmann, Skye A. Miner, Haley K. Sullivan, Jamie R. Glover, Janet E. Hall, Shepherd H. Schurman, Benjamin E. Berkman
Summary: This study highlights the importance of a robust informed consent process when soliciting research participants' preferences regarding receiving medically actionable secondary genetic findings (SFs). It also suggests that providing more detailed information can positively impact individuals' decisions, as some refusers chose to accept SFs following an informational intervention.
GENETICS IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Michelle R. Brear, Pinky N. Shabangu, Karin Hammarberg, Jane Fisher
Summary: The study highlights the ethical tensions surrounding third-party disclosure in global health research, particularly in community-based surveys like the one conducted in Eswatini. Findings suggest that respecting the autonomy and privacy of third-party individuals poses challenges related to silencing survey respondents and affecting knowledge creation. To address these tensions, researchers should consider risks, benefits, and power dynamics in data collection and extend ethical responsibilities to protect both participants and non-participants.
GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Jennifer E. Lutomski, Linda Rainey, Milou de Jong, Peggy Manders, Mireille J. M. Broeders
Summary: This study qualitatively examined women’s concerns and information needs regarding broadened consent in the PRISMA study. The findings showed that participants have positive attitudes towards data sharing but mistrust the pharmaceutical industry. Participants expressed a desire for more information about data protection and wanted to be actively involved in decision-making. Therefore, building public trust in commercial institutions, addressing privacy concerns, and clarifying difficult terms would facilitate consent decision-making.
HEALTH EXPECTATIONS
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Ilaria Falvo, Maddalena Fiordelli, Rebecca Amati, Aliaa Ibnidris, Emiliano Albanese, Marta Fadda
Summary: The study revealed that participants had inaccurate beliefs about the scope of informed consent, which could potentially harm trust. They identified contradictory needs and misunderstood informed consent procedures in clinical and research settings. Participants should be informed in a focused and age-appropriate manner to dispel confusion about the purpose of research.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Obstetrics & Gynecology
Anji E. Wall, Liza Johannesson, Monica Sok, Ann Marie Warren, Elisa J. Gordon, Giuliano Testa
Summary: Absolute uterine factor infertility has a negative impact on women deform a young age, affecting multiple relationships and challenging female identity. Uterus transplantation helps to reverse this impact, transforming women's life narrative of infertility and enhancing female identity.
BJOG-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Julia G. Bottesini, Mijke Rhemtulla, Simine Vazire
Summary: The majority of psychology research participants find questionable research practices unacceptable and support practices to increase transparency and replicability. However, a significant number of participants expressed positive or neutral views towards scientific fraud, raising concerns about data quality.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Business
Wangshuai Wang, Rajagopal Raghunathan, Dinesh K. Gauri
Summary: This study examines the impact of feeling powerless on variety-seeking in retail contexts and finds that low-power consumers tend to seek greater variety. The effect is mediated by the need for autonomy and is not influenced by other competing mechanisms.
JOURNAL OF RETAILING
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rachel Greer, Nipaphan Kanthawang, Jennifer Roest, Tri Wangrangsimakul, Michael Parker, Maureen Kelley, Phaik Yeong Cheah
Summary: This study aims to explore the vulnerability and agency of research participants in different cultural settings. Research participants face challenges in their daily lives, but also demonstrate agency. Researchers should be responsive to participants' vulnerabilities and abilities, and minimize the burdens of research participation while ensuring they benefit from the research.
Article
Psychology, Educational
Shi Yu, Avi Assor, Huixian Yu, Qian Wang
Summary: The current study examines the potential role of parenting practices in influencing youths' acceptance of academic dishonesty through their need for autonomy. Results of Study 1, conducted with high school students and their parents in Mainland China, support the hypothesis that parental autonomy support is correlated with autonomy need satisfaction, which in turn predicts lower acceptance of academic dishonesty. Study 2 extends this investigation by including additional parenting practices and longitudinal data from Hong Kong college students, finding that autonomy need satisfaction can also be predicted by inherent value demonstration and conditional regard. Overall, this research highlights the importance of parental support for reducing students' acceptance of academic dishonesty.
LEARNING AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
V. Colby Lewis, Jack Huebner, George Hripcsak, Maya Sabatello
Summary: This study assessed the representation of blind and deaf individuals in the All of Us Research Program and found that they are underrepresented in the cohort, especially among working-age adults and Asian/multi-racial participants. This underrepresentation raises concerns about the generalizability of study findings and limited benefits for the underserved blind and deaf populations.
Article
Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications
Andrey Lovakov, Maia Chankseliani, Anna Panova
Summary: This study examines how post-Soviet countries have overcome the issue of organizational separation between higher education and research through analyzing 319410 publications. While universities now produce the majority of research output in these countries, Academies of Sciences remain important players in research.