Review
Computer Science, Information Systems
Bahareh Lashkari, Petr Musilek
Summary: This article provides a comprehensive review of the fundamentals of distributed ledger and its variants, with a comparative analysis of 130 consensus algorithms in different application domains. It also analyzes the evolution of consensus mechanisms and envisions future prospects for consensus as a crucial part of distributed ledger technology.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Dusan B. Gajic, Veljko B. Petrovic, Nebojsa Horvat, Dinu Dragan, Aleksandar Stanisavljevic, Vladimir Katic, Jelena Popovic
Summary: This article introduces a prototype of a decentralized power trading system based on distributed ledger technology. The system utilizes private permissioned distributed ledgers to provide an efficient and feasible solution, empowering both energy producers and consumers to participate in a smart grid and promote the adoption of renewable energy.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Shubhani Aggarwal, Neeraj Kumar
Summary: The paper proposes a blockchain-based P2P energy trading scheme that addresses energy pricing and traded energy problems for demand response through a double auction mechanism, maximizing social welfare while ensuring privacy protection. The proposed scheme improves transaction security substantially and achieves significant improvements in convergence rate, scalability metric average latency, and standard deviation of energy transactions compared to existing schemes.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Lam Duc Nguyen, Israel Leyva-Mayorga, Amari N. Lewis, Petar Popovski
Summary: The research compares centralized and decentralized approaches for IoT data trading and finds that the decentralized approach based on distributed ledger technologies ensures trust, security, and privacy in data trading. However, there are still gaps in understanding the communication efficiency between sellers and buyers, as well as benchmarking data trading protocols.
IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Hayla Nahom Abishu, Abegaz Mohammed Seid, Yasin Habtamu Yacob, Tewodros Ayall, Guolin Sun, Guisong Liu
Summary: Electric Vehicles (EVs) are a promising solution for reducing carbon emissions in smart cities. However, the limited battery life and scarcity of charging stations lead to reluctance in long-distance travel. To address this, blockchain-enabled energy trading (BET) using wireless power transfer (WPT) has been proposed. Previous works on BET faced challenges in maintaining reliability, throughput, low latency, and scalability. To overcome these challenges, a new consensus mechanism called PBFT-based PoR (PPoR) is proposed, combining Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) and Proof of Reputation (PoR). The proposed scheme shows improved cost, utility, processing delay, and throughput compared to benchmarks.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Chao Liu, Kok Keong Chai, Xiaoshuai Zhang, Yue Chen
Summary: The paper introduces a Peer-to-Peer Electricity Blockchain Trading (P2PEBT) system based on current electric vehicle charging and discharging schemes, utilizing the PoB consensus mechanism to achieve demand response and balance local electricity demand for maximal benefits. The system is shown to be capable of managing potential attacks and achieving lower power fluctuation without the need for a third-party intermediary.
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Ming Jiang, Xingsheng Qin
Summary: This survey comprehensively examines the application of blockchain-based systems in vehicular networks and mobile edge computing, including concepts, theories, platforms, available DLT-related tools, and future research directions and issues.
COMPLEX & INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Ali Mohsenzadeh, Amir Jalaly Bidgoly, Yaghoub Farjami
Summary: This paper presents a novel framework for selecting members' transactions through trust and reputation models, called the reputation-based consensus framework (RCF), in distributed ledger technology (DLT) such as blockchain. The framework combines trust and reputation models with blockchain to select the target node with the highest reputation based on its transaction history. The results show that RCF leads to fair selection of transactions, improves scalability and throughput, and provides resistance against attacks.
COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Peng Zhuang, Talha Zamir, Hao Liang
Summary: Blockchain technology, as an immutable distributed ledger, has garnered significant interest in the application of cybersecurity in the smart grid. Despite efforts to utilize blockchain in enhancing smart grid cybersecurity, a comprehensive survey on its application and technological aspects is lacking. This survey aims to provide insights on the latest ideas, architectures, and implementation techniques relevant to blockchain application in smart grid cybersecurity.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL INFORMATICS
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Parul Khurana, Kiran Sharma, Kiran Khatter
Summary: The research proposes a distributed ledger-based consensus mechanism for the presentation of authors' informetrics. The mechanism aims to establish trust and relationships among authors and stakeholders, showcasing the development of decentralized applications.
MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Faisal Jamil, Omar Cheikhrouhou, Harun Jamil, Anis Koubaa, Abdelouahid Derhab, Mohamed Amine Ferrag
Summary: The advancement in information technology and the demand for smart cities have led technology companies to introduce various features to enhance user experience and privacy protection. This paper introduces a blockchain-based payment system for fueling smart cars, ensuring privacy and transparency without the need for human intervention.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2021)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Ernestas Filatovas, Marco Marcozzi, Leonardo Mostarda, Remigijus Paulavicius
Summary: Blockchain is a disruptive technology that has gained significant attention and has led to the development of other Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLTs). Selecting the most suitable consensus protocol for a specific DLT system is crucial yet challenging.
EXPERT SYSTEMS WITH APPLICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Yibin Xu, Jianhua Shao, Tijs Slaats, Boris Dudder
Summary: Blockchain sharding splits a blockchain into shards, reaching consensus at the shard level. However, reliable consensus derivation becomes a challenge as traditional mechanisms are no longer applicable. This article proposes a new consensus protocol called MWPoW+ to address these issues.
ACM TRANSACTIONS ON INTERNET TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Damilare Peter Oyinloye, Je Sen Teh, Norziana Jamil, Moatsum Alawida
Summary: Blockchain networks are built on cryptographic notions, with mainstream protocols having drawbacks while alternative consensus protocols remain relatively unknown. These protocols offer unique merits for development of future consensus protocols.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Markus Lucking, Felix Kretzer, Niclas Kannengiesser, Michael Beigl, Ali Sunyaev, Wilhelm Stork
Summary: The study presents a system design for data trading in VANETs using DLT, showing that it is both technically feasible and economically viable.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Praveen Gorla, Mohammad Saif, Vinay Chamola, Biplab Sikdar, Mohsen Guizani
Summary: This article presents a novel machine learning-based framework for intelligent resource provisioning mechanisms for micro-grid connected green small cell base stations. By using prediction and energy flow control mechanisms, the article proposes an algorithmic implementation for redistribution of renewable resources, improving the resource management and traffic provisioning capability of small cell base stations.
IEEE SYSTEMS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Yu Du, Zhe Wang, Jun Li, Long Shi, Dushantha Nalin K. Jayakody, Quan Chen, Wen Chen, Zhu Han
Summary: In this study, a blockchain-aided distributed edge computing market is proposed, which provides decentralized and verified transaction management. A trustworthiness model is introduced to evaluate the quality of each network entity and a two-level trading mechanism over smart contract is developed for efficient transactions. Additionally, a trustworthiness-driven Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus mechanism is put forth to enable verified transactions and fair allocation of block generation reward.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MOBILE COMPUTING
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Vishaka Basnayake, Dushantha Nalin K. Jayakody, Hakim Mabed, Ambrish Kumar, Tharindu D. Ponnimbaduge D. Perera
Summary: This paper proposes an asynchronous non-orthogonal multiple access-based cyclic triangular successive interference cancellation scheme for device-to-device networks. The scheme reduces decoding complexity, energy consumption, and bit error rate. It follows three stages: optimization, decoding, and retransmission.
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Ghulam Muhammad, M. Shamim Hossain, Sahil Garg
Summary: With the rapid growth of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the increase in data volume and network traffic, it has become easier for intruders to launch network attacks. This article proposes an intrusion detection system (IDS) based on stacked autoencoders (AE) and deep neural networks (DNN) to address this issue. The system achieved high accuracy rates of 94.2%, 99.7%, and 99.9% for multiclass classification on different datasets.
IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Bingxian Lu, Lei Wang, Wei Wang, Keping Yu, Sahil Garg, Md. Jalil Piran, Atif Alamri
Summary: The ability to identify which wireless devices belong to the same person from Wi-Fi access point (AP) enables various IoT applications. Existing cryptographic-based solutions are not suitable for IoT devices with limited power and computing capabilities. This article proposes an on-body device clustering (OBDC) scheme that extracts trajectory and gait patterns from wireless signals and utilizes a hierarchical clustering algorithm to measure the similarity between devices. Experimental results show that about 90% of users' devices can be accurately clustered, with a low 0.7% misclustering rate.
IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Zheng Chang, Hengwei Deng, Li You, Geyong Min, Sahil Garg, Georges Kaddoum
Summary: This article presents a novel machine learning-based trajectory design and resource allocation scheme for a multi-UAV communication system. The proposed scheme utilizes reinforcement learning and deep learning to design the optimal policy for all UAVs, and also introduces a multi-agent deep reinforcement learning scheme for distributed implementation without prior knowledge of the network's dynamic nature.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORK SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Urvashi Chaudhary, Mohammad Furqan Ali, Samikkannu Rajkumar, Dushantha Nalin K. Jayakody
Summary: In this study, a novel network model for massive machine-type communications (mMTC) is proposed using a compressive sensing (CS) algorithm and a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scheme. Physical-layer security (PLS) is applied to provide secure communication in this network. The impact of an active sensing algorithm in the proposed mMTC network is analyzed, and improvement in the secrecy outage of the network is achieved through increasing the distance of the eavesdropper node.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Anandpushparaj Jeganathan, Balaji Dhayabaran, Dushantha Nalin K. Jayakody, Sanjaya Arunapriya Ranchagodage Don, P. Muthuchidambaranathan
Summary: Internet-of-things is an enabling technology in the fourth-generation industrial revolution. The freshness of the data sent by a sensor node (SN) is an important parameter in the Internet-of-things. This paper introduces age of information (AoI) as a new performance metric and proposes energy harvesting and deep learning techniques to maximize the freshness of data updates.
IET COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Sundaresan Sabapathy, Surendar Maruthu, Lakshmi Sutha Kumar, Dushantha Nalin K. Jayakody
Summary: This article investigates the SVC-MCNOMA system, which combines sparse vector coding and multicarrier nonorthogonal multiple access (MCNOMA) to achieve high spectral efficiency, ultrareliability, and low latency. The system is shown to be free from intercarrier interference (ICI) due to the sparse nature of the information. By deriving the closed-form outage expressions and performing Monte Carlo simulations, it is demonstrated that SVC-MCNOMA outperforms conventional MCNOMA (C-MCNOMA) and achieves the desired performance objectives.
IEEE INTERNET OF THINGS JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Prabhat Kumar, Randhir Kumar, Abhinav Kumar, A. Antony Franklin, Sahil Garg, Satinder Singh
Summary: The rapid expansion of the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) necessitates the digitization of industrial processes in order to increase network efficiency. The integration of Digital Twin (DT) with IIoT digitizes physical objects into virtual representations to improve data analytics performance. However, unreliable public communication channels and lack of trust among participating entities causes various types of threats and attacks on the ongoing communication. Motivated from the aforementioned discussion, we present a blockchain and Deep Learning (DL) integrated framework for delivering decentralized data processing and learning in IIoT network. The framework first present a new DT model that facilitates construction of a virtual environment to simulate and replicate security-critical processes of IIoT. Second, we propose a blockchain-based data transmission scheme that uses smart contracts to ensure integrity and authenticity of data. Finally, the DL scheme is designed to apply the Intrusion Detection System (IDS) against valid data retrieved from blockchain. In DL scheme, a Long Short Term Memory-Sparse AutoEncoder (LSTMSAE) technique is proposed to learn the spatial-temporal representation. The extracted characteristics are further used by the proposed Multi-Head Self-Attention (MHSA)-based Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit (BiGRU) algorithm to learn long-distance features and accurately detect attacks. The practical implementation of our proposed framework proves considerable enhancement of communication security and data privacy in DT empowered IIoT network.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORK SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Cybernetics
Anubhav Elhence, Adit Goyal, Vinay Chamola, Biplab Sikdar
Summary: Health insurance is crucial due to rising medical costs, and the current system is expensive and complex. However, machine learning and blockchain technology offer the potential to create a faster and more cost-effective framework for the health insurance market.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTATIONAL SOCIAL SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Telecommunications
Varun Kohli, Sombuddha Chakravarty, Vinay Chamola, Kuldip Singh Sangwan, Sherali Zeadally
Summary: There is an urgent need to control global warming caused by humans to achieve a sustainable future. The increased popularity of cryptocurrencies has led to a rise in greenhouse gas emissions and high energy consumption. This review compares the energy consumption and carbon footprints of cryptocurrencies with countries and centralized transaction methods, and proposes solutions to reduce their environmental impact. Case studies on cryptocurrency networks, namely Ethereum 2.0 and Pi Network, are presented to discuss their potential in addressing the identified challenges.
DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Information Systems
Ryhan Uddin, Sathish A. P. Kumar, Vinay Chamola
Summary: This paper examines the impact of different types of DoS and DDoS attacks on edge computing layers and investigates existing detection and prevention mechanisms to address security weaknesses. Additionally, a theoretical architecture is proposed to mitigate the impact of distributed denial of service attacks on edge systems.
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Siva Sai, Akshat Garg, Kartik Jhawar, Vinay Chamola, Biplab Sikdar
Summary: Artificial Intelligence (AI) integrated in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) has the potential to enhance flight safety and efficiency. Machine learning algorithms allow UAVs to make real-time decisions and find optimal solutions in complex environments. Existing reviews on AI for UAVs are often limited to specific applications or technologies. This comprehensive review provides researchers with a diverse analysis of current and future requirements, as well as the latest AI solutions for UAVs.
IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Anuja Arora, Arti Jain, Divakar Yadav, Vikas Hassija, Vinay Chamola, Biplab Sikdar
Summary: Smart cities utilize digital technologies to improve quality of life, promote sustainability, and automate various disciplines. Multi-agent driven smart cities have received significant attention for providing intelligent solutions. Exploring the usage of multi-agent systems in critical application areas of smart cities is vital.
IEEE OPEN JOURNAL OF THE COMMUNICATIONS SOCIETY
(2023)
