Microfungi associated withClematis(Ranunculaceae) with an integrated approach to delimiting species boundaries

The cosmopolitan plant genusClematiscontains many climbing species that can be found worldwide. The genus occurs in the wild and is grown commercially for horticulture. Microfungi onClematiswere collected from Belgium, China, Italy, Thailand and the UK. They are characterized by morphology and analyses of gene sequence data using an integrated species concept to validate identifications. The study revealed two new families, 12 new genera, 50 new species, 26 new host records with one dimorphic character report, and ten species are transferred to other genera. The new families revealed by multigene phylogeny are Longiostiolaceae and Pseudomassarinaceae in Pleosporales (Dothideomycetes). New genera areAnthodidymella(Didymellaceae),AnthosulcatisporaandParasulcatispora(Sulcatisporaceae),Fusiformispora(Amniculicolaceae),Longispora(Phaeosphaeriaceae),Neobyssosphaeria(Melanommataceae),Neoleptosporella(Chaetosphaeriales, generaincertae sedis),Neostictis(Stictidaceae),Pseudohelminthosporium(Neomassarinaceae),Pseudomassarina(Pseudomassarinaceae),Sclerenchymomyces(Leptosphaeriaceae) andXenoplectosphaerella(Plectosphaerellaceae). The newly described species areAlloleptosphaeria clematidis,Anthodidymella ranunculacearum,Anthosulcatispora subglobosa,Aquadictyospora clematidis,Brunneofusispora clematidis,Chaetosphaeronema clematidicola,C. clematidis,Chromolaenicola clematidis,Diaporthe clematidina,Dictyocheirospora clematidis,Distoseptispora clematidis,Floricola clematidis,Fusiformispora clematidis,Hermatomyces clematidis,Leptospora clematidis,Longispora clematidis,Massariosphaeria clematidis,Melomastia clematidis,M. fulvicomae,Neobyssosphaeria clematidis,Neoleptosporella clematidis,Neoroussoella clematidis,N. fulvicomae,Neostictis nigricans, Neovaginatispora clematidis,Parasulcatispora clematidis,Parathyridaria clematidis, P. serratifoliae,P. virginianae,Periconia verrucose,Phomatospora uniseriata,Pleopunctum clematidis,Pseudocapulatispora clematidis,Pseudocoleophoma clematidis,Pseudohelminthosporium clematidis,Pseudolophiostoma chiangraiense,P. clematidis,Pseudomassarina clematidis,Ramusculicola clematidis,Sarocladium clematidis,Sclerenchymomyces clematidis,Sigarispora clematidicola,S. clematidis,S. montanae,Sordaria clematidis,Stemphylium clematidis,Wojnowiciella clematidis,Xenodidymella clematidis,Xenomassariosphaeria clematidisandXenoplectosphaerella clematidis.The following fungi are recorded onClematisspecies for the first time:Angustimassarina rosarum,Dendryphion europaeum,Dermatiopleospora mariae,Diaporthe ravennica,D. rudis,Dichotomopilus ramosissimum,Dictyocheirospora xishuangbannaensis,Didymosphaeria rubi-ulmifolii,Fitzroyomyces cyperacearum,Fusarium celtidicola,Leptospora thailandica,Memnoniella oblongispora,Neodidymelliopsis longicolla,Neoeutypella baoshanensis,Neoroussoella heveae,Nigrograna chromolaenae,N. obliqua,Pestalotiopsis verruculosa,Pseudoberkleasmium chiangmaiense,Pseudoophiobolus rosae,Pseudoroussoella chromolaenae,P. elaeicola,Ramusculicola thailandica,Stemphylium vesicariumandTorula chromolaenae. The new combinations areAnthodidymella clematidis(equivalent to Didymella clematidis),A. vitalbina(equivalent to Didymella vitalbina),Anthosulcatispora brunnea(equivalent to Neobambusicola brunnea),Fuscohypha kunmingensis(equivalent to Plectosphaerella kunmingensis),Magnibotryascoma rubriostiolata(equivalent to Teichospora rubriostiolata),Pararoussoella mangrovei(equivalent to Roussoella mangrovei),Pseudoneoconiothyrium euonymi(equivalent to Roussoella euonymi),Sclerenchymomyces jonesii(equivalent to Neoleptosphaeria jonesii),Stemphylium rosae(equivalent to Pleospora rosae), andS. rosae-caninae(equivalent to Pleospora rosae-caninae). The microfungi onClematisis distributed in several classes of Ascomycota. The analyses are based on morphological examination of specimens, coupled with phylogenetic sequence data. To the best of our knowledge, the consolidated species concept approach is recommended in validating species.