Article
Genetics & Heredity
Li-Ping Ma, Meng-Meng Liu, Fang Liu, Bo Sun, Si-Nian Wang, Jie Chen, Hui-Jie Yu, Juan Yan, Mei Tian, Ling Gao, Qing-Jie Liu
Summary: UVB exposure accelerates skin aging and pigmentation. Melatonin regulates tyrosinase (TYR) activity and aging. This study explores the association between premature senescence and pigmentation, as well as the mechanism of melanin synthesis affected by melatonin.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE-JMM
(2023)
Article
Biology
Tsutomu Shimura, Rina Totani, Hyougo Ogasawara, Keiki Inomata, Megumi Sasatani, Kenji Kamiya, Akira Ushiyama
Summary: This study investigates the impact of oxygen concentration on the response of mitochondria to X-ray radiation and fibroblast activation in tumor microenvironment formation. The results suggest that high oxygen levels enhance the effects of radiation on mitochondria and fibroblast activation. Lower oxygen concentration can mitigate radiation damage and fibroblast activation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
James H. Schofield, Zachary T. Schafer
Summary: The relationship between mitophagy and ROS production is complex and not fully understood. This review discusses mtROS generation and their detrimental effects on cellular viability, along with the cellular defense mechanisms against oxidative stress. Furthermore, the prominent mechanisms governing mitophagy induction that bear on oxidative stress are explored.
ANTIOXIDANTS & REDOX SIGNALING
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Salvatore Antonucci, Fabio Di Lisa, Nina Kaludercic
Summary: Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) play a dual role in physiology, acting as second messengers while also potentially causing harm when their levels are not properly regulated. Maintaining a balance in mROS formation and elimination is crucial for normal physiological processes and preventing disease development.
Article
Oncology
Yo Tanaka, Misako Sato-Matsubara, Daisuke Tsuruta, Hiroshi Tanaka, Chiho Kadono, Koji Sugawara, Norifumi Kawada, Kazumasa Wakamatsu, Shosuke Ito, Katsutoshi Yoshizato
Summary: CYGB plays a regulatory role in the melanogenic process by maintaining redox homeostasis through controlling intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide.
PIGMENT CELL & MELANOMA RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Miranda D. Chavez, Hubert M. Tse
Summary: Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are associated with T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases, and targeting metabolic pathways can inhibit autoreactive T cell activation. Increasing the requirements of Tregs for ROS and oxidative phosphorylation can promote self-tolerance and inhibit the activity of autoreactive T cells.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Hematology
Karima Ait-Aissa, Olha M. Koval, Nathanial R. Lindsey, Isabella M. Grumbach
Summary: Radiation therapy increases the risk of atherosclerotic vascular disease, but the mechanisms involved are not well understood. This study shows that radiation induces DNA damage in endothelial cells, particularly in mitochondrial DNA, leading to mitochondrial dysfunction and endothelial dysfunction. Targeting the mitochondrial calcium uniporter and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species could help mitigate radiation-induced vascular disease.
ARTERIOSCLEROSIS THROMBOSIS AND VASCULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrew P. Bischer, Timothy M. Baran, Andrew P. Wojtovich
Summary: Environmental surveillance-mediated behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans integrates multiple cues and is coordinated by neurons through signaling cascades. Despite lacking eyes, C. elegans is able to perceive and react to the color blue. This study explains this color perception by showing that internally-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS), in response to light, add to exogenous sources of ROS. Multiple sub-threshold sources of ROS are integrated to coordinate behavioral responses with internal cues. Blue light affects C. elegans behavior through ROS generation by endogenous flavins, mediated by the neuronal gustatory photoreceptor like protein, LITE-1. Overall, this study demonstrates that ROS and LITE-1 play central roles in C. elegans foraging behavior through integration of multiple inputs, including light.
Review
Oncology
Cristina Casalou, Hugo Moreiras, Jay M. Mayatra, Aurelie Fabre, Desmond J. Tobin
Summary: This article focuses on the early stages of cutaneous melanoma development, examining how melanocyte cells can be influenced by different cellular contexts and micro-environments to determine their tumor fate. It also discusses how unique features of follicular-melanin units can protect melanocytes from melanomagenesis, and explores the potential insights provided by various pigment cell diseases into immune- and non-immune-mediated outcomes for melanocytes in cutaneous melanin units.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Nan-Nan Liang, Ying Zhao, Yue-Yue Guo, Zhi-Hui Zhang, Lan Gao, De-Xin Yu, De-Xiang Xu, Shen Xu
Summary: This study found that mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to renal cell ferroptosis during lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI). Inhibition of ferroptosis and scavenging of mitochondrial ROS with specific inhibitors, ferrostatin-1 and MitoQ, respectively, attenuated renal lipid peroxidation, ferroptosis-characteristic mitochondrial damage, and renal cell death. These findings suggest that mitochondria-targeted antioxidants may be potential therapeutic agents for sepsis-induced AKI.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lixin Wang, Ehsan Sadeghnezhad, Pingyin Guan, Peijie Gong
Summary: The text discusses the significance of calcium and ROS in signal transductions, as well as the role of microtubules in this process. When it comes to cold sensing, balancing the crosstalk between calcium, microtubules, and ROS poses a challenge.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hiromu Ito, Hiromi Kurokawa, Hirofumi Matsui
Summary: Mitochondria, essential organelles for energy production in eukaryotes, generate reactive oxygen species during the process which play pivotal roles in cell signaling and iron homeostasis regulation. The regulation of iron transportation, involving proteins like HCP1, DMT1, and mitoferrin, is increasingly understood in relation to mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and diseases.
ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cristina Casalou, Jay M. Mayatra, Desmond J. Tobin
Summary: This study reveals the heterogeneity of pigment cells in the human scalp hair follicle, including the presence of immature melanocytes that may have important roles in melanin synthesis or other non-melanogenic functions. Further research is needed to understand the function of these immature melanocytes in the hair follicle.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Swapna Kannothum Kandy, Madhura Milind Nimonkar, Suravi Sasmita Dash, Bhupesh Mehta, Yogananda S. Markandeya
Summary: This study found that astaxanthin (AST) has a protective effect against excitotoxic neuronal injury by regulating ionotropic glutamate receptors, intracellular calcium levels, and mitochondrial calcium buffering.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Andrey Y. Vinokurov, Olga A. Stelmashuk, Polina A. Ukolova, Evgeny A. Zherebtsov, Andrey Y. Abramov
Summary: The brain produces various reactive oxygen species at different rates in different brain regions, with the brain stem and cerebellum being more sensitive to oxidative stress. Mitochondrial ROS has minor implications to total ROS production, and levels of lipid peroxidation and GSH vary across brain regions.
FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2021)