Article
Physiology
Sara R. Sherman, Wesley K. Lefferts, Elizabeth C. Lefferts, Georgios Grigoriadis, Natalia S. Lima, Bo Fernhall, Tracy Baynard, Alexander J. Rosenberg
Summary: Age-related stiffening of large elastic arteries may amplify the increase in blood pressure during maximal resistance exercise. This study compared arterial wall dynamics, central hemodynamics, and cerebral blood velocity between young and older adults during maximal resistance exercise. The results showed that despite differences in arterial wall dynamics, cerebral blood velocity responded similarly between younger and older adults during maximal resistance exercise.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Zhengli Liu, Maofeng Gong, Boxiang Zhao, Jianping Gu, Haobo Su, Yangyi Zhou, Guanqi Fu, Xu He, Jie Kong
Summary: In this study, a minimally invasive technique was successfully established to create a stable carotid artery stenosis rabbit model, proving effective in manipulating and evaluating the arteries. The results showed successful induction of right CCA stenosis, with observed pathological and immunohistochemical changes.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Samuel Montalvo, Manuel Gomez, Alondra Lozano, Sabrina Arias, Lisa Rodriguez, Francisco Morales-Acuna, Alvaro N. Gurovich
Summary: Endothelial dysfunction is the initial step in the development of atherosclerosis and a major cause of stroke. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different exercise modalities and intensities on blood flow patterns in the carotid artery. The results showed that treadmill exercise at high intensity resulted in the highest endothelial shear stress (ESS), while bench press and biceps curls had the lowest ESS.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Alison Halliday, Richard Bulbulia, Leo H. Bonati, Johanna Chester, Andrea Cradduck-Bamford, Richard Peto, Hongchao Pan
Summary: The international multicentre randomised trial ACST-2 compared the effects of CAS and CEA for asymptomatic patients with severe stenosis, showing that the long-term effects of these two procedures on fatal or disabling stroke are comparable.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yoichi Miura, Hidenori Suzuki
Summary: Both fasting and non-fasting hypertriglyceridemia are risk factors for atherosclerotic disease, but it is uncertain whether they increase the risks of carotid artery stenosis progression. Statins can prevent carotid plaque progression and improve plaque stability. However, there is currently no evidence that combining non-statin lipid-lowering drugs with statins provides additional benefits in preventing cerebrovascular events and stenosis progression in patients with carotid artery stenosis. This article explores the relationship between hypertriglyceridemia and carotid artery stenosis, as well as the potential role of lipid-lowering drugs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Don Heck, Alec Jost
Summary: Patients with carotid artery atherosclerotic disease are at risk of ischemic stroke and may require medical, endovascular, or surgical management. Providing quality care for these patients necessitates a multidisciplinary team of experts in clinical diagnosis, image interpretation, medical management, endovascular intervention, and surgical treatment.
PROGRESS IN CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Christos P. Loizou, Marios Pantzaris, Efthyvoulos Kyriacou, Andrew N. Nicolaides, Constantinos S. Pattichis
Summary: This study investigated the relationship between the degree of carotid stenosis and strain metrics of the carotid wall and plaque in subjects with atherosclerotic plaques. The findings suggest that carotid distensibility is linearly related to the percentage of stenosis, with significant differences observed between different groups in terms of plaque distensibility and strain characteristics. Future studies will further explore the proposed methodology on a larger sample size.
BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL PROCESSING AND CONTROL
(2021)
Article
Physiology
Ryan Neil Marshall, James McKendry, Benoit Smeuninx, Alex Peter Seabright, Paul T. Morgan, Carolyn Greig, Leigh Breen
Summary: Ageing is associated with changes in skeletal muscle oxidative metabolism, which may be influenced by physical activity status. The effect of resistance exercise training on skeletal muscle mitochondrial regulation is unclear.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Anna K. Krawisz, Kenneth Rosenfield, Christopher J. White, Michael R. Jaff, Joseph Campbell, Kevin Kennedy, Thomas Tsai, Beau Hawkins, Schuyler Jones, Eric A. Secemsky
Summary: CCO remains an important predictor of increased risk among patients undergoing CEA, but not CAS. This study highlights the impact of CCO on outcomes of carotid revascularization procedures.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Christoph Strecker, Anna Kopczak, Tobias Saam, Dominik Sepp, Anja Hennemuth, Ernst Mayerhofer, Sven Poli, Ulf Ziemann, Holger Poppert, Andreas Schindler, Andreas Harloff
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between carotid bifurcation geometry and complicated carotid artery plaques (cCAPs). The results showed that low ICA/CCA ratios and low bifurcation angles were significantly associated with the presence of cCAPs. Therefore, assessing carotid geometry could be useful in identifying patients at risk of cCAPs.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yaxuan Sun, Yongxia Ding, Kun Meng, Bin Han, Jing Wang, Yan Han
Summary: This study found that carotid artery endarterectomy (CEA) and carotid artery stenting (CAS) resulted in similar outcomes for patients with contralateral carotid occlusion (CCO), with the risk of death being lower for patients treated with CEA. Further high-level evidence is needed to confirm these results.
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Constance J. H. C. M. van Laarhoven, Saskia I. Willemsen, Jurre Klaassen, Evelien E. de Vries, Quirine M. J. van der Vliet, Constantijn E. V. B. Hazenberg, Michiel L. Bots, Gert J. de Borst
Summary: Carotid tortuosity is associated with the development of extracranial carotid artery aneurysms (ECAA) in patients without carotid artery dissection. Increased carotid tortuosity should be closely monitored for timely diagnosis and treatment of ECAA.
QUANTITATIVE IMAGING IN MEDICINE AND SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
David P. Stonko, Earl Goldsborough, Pavel Kibrik, George Zhang, Courtenay M. Holscher, Caitlin W. Hicks
Summary: The study findings indicate that TCAR has become the dominant approach for carotid revascularization in high-risk patients, surpassing TFCAS and CEA. Patient high-risk status is the most important characteristic associated with a stenting approach, highlighting the perceived importance of carotid stenting therapies in this patient population.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Alhamza R. Al-Bayati, Raul G. Nogueira, Diogo C. Haussen
Summary: Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of mortality and long-term disability worldwide. The increasing availability of advanced cerebrovascular imaging modalities continues to unravel atherosclerotic and nonatherosclerotic carotid steno-occlusive disease as a common culprit of cerebral ischemia. Individualized treatment strategies targeting each etiologic subset would optimize preventive measures and minimize recurrence of cerebral ischemia.
Article
Acoustics
Boris Chayer, Marie-Helene Roy Cardinal, Vicky Biron, Noemie Cloutier, Clara Petit, Samuel Dubord, Louise Allard, Guy Cloutier
Summary: The study found that as the predetermined compression force increased, all elastography features on the near wall of both the common carotid artery and internal carotid artery showed a statistically significant decrease, with half of the features on the far wall also exhibiting a similar association. Additionally, the maximum IMT for the internal carotid artery near wall, and the diameters of both the common carotid artery and internal carotid artery were significantly associated with the applied PDC forces, undergoing a decrease over the whole range of PDC force increase.
JOURNAL OF ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Campbell Menzies, Neil D. Clarke, Christopher J. A. Pugh, Charles J. Steward, C. Douglas Thake, Tom Cullen
Summary: Recent research suggests that passive heating has the potential to enhance performance in sports, particularly in terms of heat acclimation and recovery. However, there is a contradiction between this research and established practices, such as the use of ice baths for recovery. A survey found that a majority of athletes and practitioners use passive heating in their sports, with recovery being the most common purpose for athletes and heat acclimation for practitioners. While some athletes perceive benefits from passive heating, there are also potential negative effects experienced by a considerable number of athletes.
SPORT SCIENCES FOR HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Bryony A. Curry, Aimee L. Drane, Rebeca Atencia, Yedra Feltrer, Glyn Howatson, Thalita Calvi, Christopher Palmer, Sophie Moittie, Steve Unwin, Joshua C. Tremblay, Meg M. Sleeper, Michael L. Lammey, Steve Cooper, Mike Stembridge, Rob Shave
Summary: The study found differences in body weight, growth rate, and age at maturation between captive chimpanzees and wild chimpanzees. Adult body weight was greater in zoo and research chimpanzees compared to sanctuary chimpanzees. Sanctuary chimpanzees had slower growth rates, and male sanctuary chimpanzees had a later age at maturation for body weight.
Article
Physiology
Lydia L. Simpson, Alexander B. Hansen, Gilbert Moralez, Sachin B. Amin, Florian Hofstaetter, Christopher Gasho, Mike Stembridge, Tony G. Dawkins, Michael M. Tymko, Philip N. Ainslie, Justin S. Lawley, Christopher M. Hearon Jr
Summary: Sympathetic transduction is reduced and vascular alpha-adrenergic signaling is attenuated following chronic high-altitude exposure. However, resting alpha-adrenergic restraint remains intact due to concurrent resting sympathoexcitation. Forearm vasoconstrictor responses to cycling are preserved, but the contribution of adrenergic receptors is diminished, indicating a reliance on alternative vasoconstrictor mechanisms.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY, INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Satyam Sarma, James P. MacNamara, Bryce N. Balmain, Christopher M. Hearon, Denis J. Wakeham, Andrew R. Tomlinson, Linda S. Hynan, Tony G. Babb, Benjamin D. Levine
Summary: Exercise intolerance is a common symptom in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), which is believed to be caused by a marked rise in pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP). This study investigated the effect of nitroglycerin on PCWP and exercise capacity in patients with HFpEF. The results showed that nitroglycerin successfully reduced PCWP during exercise, but did not improve peak oxygen uptake. These findings suggest that reducing PCWP alone is not sufficient to enhance exercise capacity in patients with HFpEF.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Bryce N. Balmain, Andrew R. Tomlinson, James P. MacNamara, Linda S. Hynan, Denis J. Wakeham, Benjamin D. Levine, Satyam Sarma, Tony G. Babb
Summary: This study evaluated exercise hemodynamics and dyspnea on exertion in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) before and after acute nitroglycerin treatment. The results showed that reducing pulmonary capillary wedge pressure did not improve dyspnea on exertion in HFpEF patients. Instead, it exacerbated dyspnea, increased V/Q mismatch, and worsened ventilatory efficiency during exercise.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Stephen P. Wright, Tony G. Dawkins, Megan I. Harper, Mike Stembridge, Rob Shave, Neil D. Eves
Summary: The study found that static inspiratory efforts can affect the function of the left atrium and left ventricle, potentially leading to attenuated LV diastolic filling, which may in turn impact acute reductions in stroke volume.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jack S. Talbot, Dean R. Perkins, Tony G. Dawkins, Andrew J. M. Douglas, Thomas D. Griffiths, Cory T. Richards, Kerry Owen, Rachel N. Lord, Christopher J. A. Pugh, Jon L. Oliver, Rhodri S. Lloyd, Philip N. Ainslie, Ali M. Mcmanus, Mike Stembridge
Summary: Exercise training can enhance regional cerebral blood velocities in youth, but the adaptations in neurovascular coupling are only achievable during early stages of adolescence.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Denis J. Wakeham, Rachel N. Lord, Jack S. Talbot, Freya M. Lodge, Bryony A. Curry, Tony G. Dawkins, Lydia L. Simpson, Christopher J. A. Pugh, Rob E. Shave, Jonathan P. Moore
Summary: Central arterial stiffness can influence exercise blood pressure by increasing the rise in arterial pressure per unit increase in aortic inflow. This study investigated the effects of central arterial stiffness on the pressor response to isometric handgrip exercise and post-exercise muscle ischemia. The results showed that central arterial stiffness can modulate pressor responses during stimuli associated with increases in cardiac output and sympathoexcitation in healthy males.
AUTONOMIC NEUROSCIENCE-BASIC & CLINICAL
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Jack S. Talbot, Dean R. Perkins, Christine M. Tallon, Tony G. Dawkins, Andrew J. M. Douglas, Ryan Beckerleg, Andrew Crofts, Melissa E. Wright, Saajan Davies, Jessica J. Steventon, Kevin Murphy, Rachel N. Lord, Christopher J. A. Pugh, Jon L. Oliver, Rhodri S. Lloyd, Philip N. Ainslie, Ali M. McManus, Mike Stembridge
Summary: This study finds that endurance training can increase cerebral blood flow in adolescent males and trained children have faster response in CO2 reactivity compared to untrained children. Exercise-induced improvements in cerebrovascular function are attainable as early as the first decade of life.
EXPERIMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Lindsey F. Berthelsen, Andrew J. M. Douglas, Tony G. Dawkins, Bryony A. Curry, Daniel Philips, Abbas Zaidi, Zaheer Yousef, Mike Stembridge, Craig D. Steinback
Summary: Apnea elicits activation of sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, affecting cardiac control. Endurance training may increase vagal tone and make athletes more susceptible to arrhythmias during apnea, while untrained individuals may only develop arrhythmias under autonomic conflict.
APPLIED PHYSIOLOGY NUTRITION AND METABOLISM
(2023)
