Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jiri Patocka, Eugenie Nepovimova, Kamil Kuca, Wenda Wu
Summary: CsA is a potent immunosuppressant used in transplantation, but its high toxicity limits clinical use. This review summarizes the chemistry, toxic effects, and molecular pathways of CsA, aiding in understanding its toxicity mechanisms.
CURRENT MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Toxicology
Fatemeh Yarmohammadi, A. Wallace Hayes, Gholamreza Karimi
Summary: Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent form of programmed cell death characterized by iron overload, increased ROS generation, and depletion of GSH and lipid peroxidation. Inhibition of ferroptosis may provide novel therapeutic opportunities for treating and preventing organ toxicities induced by drugs and chemicals. Ferroptosis is initiated through GPX4 inactivation and mitochondrial iron overload, leading to increased ROS generation.
HUMAN & EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marwa M. M. Qadri, Mohammad Firoz Alam, Zenat A. A. Khired, Reem O. O. Alaqi, Amani A. A. Khardali, Moudi M. M. Alasmari, Ahmad S. S. Alrashah, Hisham M. A. Muzafar, Abdullah M. M. Qahl
Summary: Chemotherapy-induced kidney damage, particularly in the context of CFZ treatment, remains a significant concern in cancer therapy. This study investigated the potential protective effect of Thymoquinone (TQ) against CFZ-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. The findings demonstrated that TQ administration significantly mitigated the negative effects of CFZ treatment on kidney function and oxidative stress, suggesting that TQ may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for preventing CFZ-induced kidney damage.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Food Science & Technology
Ashish Dogra
Summary: Rutin, a bioflavonoid present in fruits and vegetables, exhibits broad-spectrum properties in alleviating various toxicities. It exerts its protective effects through different mechanisms and cell signaling pathways. Rutin is a promising flavonoid for disease prevention and therapy, but human intervention trials are needed to confirm its effects.
FOOD REVIEWS INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Steve Harakeh, Yousef Qari, Hanaa Tashkandi, Mohammed Almuhayawi, Saber H. Saber, Emad Aljahdali, Nagla El-Shitany, Soad Shaker, Filipa Lucas, Turki Alamri, Soad Al-Jaouni, Shaker Mousa
Summary: This study evaluated the protective effects of a novel nanoparticle encapsulating thymoquinone (THY) against cisplatin (CISP)-induced nephrotoxicity. The results showed that NP THY effectively prevented kidney toxicity, improved kidney function and pathology. It also ameliorated oxidative stress conditions and reduced inflammation induced by CISP in the kidney tissue.
JOURNAL OF KING SAUD UNIVERSITY SCIENCE
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kaviyarasi Renu, Anirban Goutam Mukherjee, Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan, Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari, Sandra Kannampuzha, Reshma Murali, Vishnu Priya Veeraraghavan, Sathishkumar Vinayagam, Soraya Paz-Montelongo, Alex George, Balachandar Vellingiri, Harishkumar Madhyastha
Summary: Polyphenols, secondary metabolites of plants, have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Arsenic, a toxic metalloid, is also used in leukemia treatment. Polyphenols and polysaccharides can mitigate the toxicity of arsenic.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES
(2023)
Article
Toxicology
F. Shahid, Z. Farooqui, T. Alam, S. Abidi, I Parwez, F. Khan
Summary: The study demonstrates that TQ has a protective effect against CP-induced hepatotoxicity and can alleviate the adverse effects of CP on liver function in rats.
HUMAN & EXPERIMENTAL TOXICOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Roxana Banc, Daniela-Saveta Popa, Anamaria Cozma-Petrut, Lorena Filip, Bela Kiss, Anca Farcas, Andras Nagy, Doina Miere, Felicia Loghin
Summary: The study found that moderate consumption of red wine can significantly protect rats from acrylamide-induced liver injury and oxidative stress, with better protective effects compared to white wine.
Article
Integrative & Complementary Medicine
Gholam-Hassan Danaei, Arian Amali, Mohammad Karami, Mohammad-Bagher Khorrami, Bamdad Riahi-Zanjani, Mahmood Sadeghi
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of thymoquinone (TQ) against diazinon (DZN)-induced hepatotoxicity and found that the antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties of TQ may be associated with its ability to alleviate oxidative stress and enhance cholinesterase enzyme activity. In addition, it was observed that TQ could improve DZN-induced liver pathological alterations, increase the activity of acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, and superoxide dismutase enzymes, and reduce malondialdehyde levels.
BMC COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE AND THERAPIES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Franccesco P. P. Boeno, Jay Patel, Ryan N. N. Montalvo, Stephanie S. S. Lapierre-Nguyen, Claire M. M. Schreiber, Ashley J. J. Smuder
Summary: Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective chemotherapy drug for cancer treatment, but its clinical use is limited due to off-target toxicity. DOX accumulation in the liver and kidneys causes inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to cytotoxicity. Endurance exercise preconditioning may help prevent liver and kidney damage caused by DOX treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hyoung-Yun Han, Mi-Sun Choi, Seokjoo Yoon, Je-Won Ko, Sang-Kyum Kim, Tae-Won Kim
Summary: This study confirmed kidney-biased organ toxicity of ifosfamide in rats, with identically altered genes in both the liver and kidney. Interferon regulatory factor 7 was identified as the main upstream regulator that changed in both organs. Further toxicogenomic studies are needed to fully understand the relationship between ifosfamide-induced genes and organ toxicity.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Julia N. van Spijk, Katrin Beckmann, Meret Wehrli Eser, Martina Stirn, Andrea E. Steuer, Lanja Saleh, Angelika Schoster
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the neurogenic and nephrogenic side effects of Polymyxin B (PolyB) in hospitalized horses. The results showed that all horses exhibited ataxia during PolyB treatment, and some horses also showed signs of renal damage. Therefore, it is important to monitor the neurological and renal function of hospitalized horses receiving PolyB.
Review
Environmental Sciences
Velid Unsal, Mustafa Cicek, Ilhan Sabancilar
Summary: This study discusses the damage-causing mechanism of free radicals produced by CCl4 on tissues/cells and the role of antioxidants in preventing tissue/cell damage. By maintaining a balance between free radicals and antioxidants, the negative effects induced by CCl4 can be reduced.
REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Zainab Sabry Othman Ahmed, Shaymaa Hussein, Rehab A. Ghandour, Asmaa A. Azouz, Mohamed A. El-Sakhawy
Summary: Methotrexate has toxic effects on the hippocampus, cerebellum, liver, and kidneys, inducing neural tissue damage, hepatocyte degeneration, renal corpuscle distortion, and renal tubule necrosis. Immunohistochemical and biochemical studies revealed strong positive expressions of certain markers and significant changes in serum levels of key indicators, indicating oxidative stress-induced tissue injury leading to neurotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity.
Article
Biology
Samy Sayed, Saqer S. Alotaibi, Ahmed M. El-Shehawi, Mohamed M. Hassan, Mustafa Shukry, Mohamed Alkafafy, Mohamed Mohamed Soliman
Summary: Pomegranate peel extract has anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, free-radical-scavenging, and powerful antioxidant activity, protecting against acrylamide toxicity.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Muhammad Majid, Anam Farhan, Muhammad Waleed Baig, Muhammad Tariq Khan, Yousaf Kamal, Syed Shams ul Hassan, Simona Bungau, Ihsan-ul Haq
Summary: This study demonstrates that 3-epifriedelinol (EFD) isolated from Ipomoea batatas can inhibit prostate cancer cell proliferation and induce apoptosis. EFD shows good binding affinity with target proteins and reduces inflammation. It also exhibits favorable physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties, making it a potential candidate for primary or adjuvant therapy against prostate cancer.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sukhbir Singh, Neelam Sharma, Ishrat Zahoor, Tapan Behl, Anita Antil, Sumeet Gupta, Md Khalid Anwer, Syam Mohan, Simona Gabriela Bungau
Summary: The abundant synthesis and accretion of melanin inside skin can be caused by activation of melanogenic enzymes or increase in number of melanocytes. Melasma is defined as hyperpigmented bright or dark brown spots which are symmetrically distributed and have serrated and irregular borders. This review gives a brief overview regarding the Fitzpatrick skin phototype classification system, life cycle of melanin, mechanism of action of anti-hyperpigmenting drugs, and existing pharmacotherapy strategies for the treatment of melasma.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Simona Gabriela Bungau
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Partha Biswas, Shabana Bibi, Qudsia Yousafi, Asim Mehmood, Shahzad Saleem, Awais Ihsan, Dipta Dey, M. D. Nazmul Hasan Zilani, M. D. Nazmul Hasan, Rasha Saleem, Aeshah A. Awaji, Usama A. Fahmy, Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
Summary: An onco-informatics-based evaluation was conducted to assess the expression and predictive significance of the MDM2 gene in brain lower-grade glioma (LGG) cancer. The study analyzed the differential expression of MDM2 and searched for mutations and copy number variations. Several transcriptome servers and bioinformatics tools were used to determine the survival rate and protein interactions related to the MDM2 gene in LGG cancer patients.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Amany Belal, Rehab Mahmoud, Eman E. Mohamed, Ahmed Farghali, Fatma I. Abo El-Ela, Amr Gamal, Fatma Mohamed Halfaya, Esraa Khaled, Abdelbasset A. Farahat, Ahmed H. E. Hassan, Mohammed M. Ghoneim, Mohamed Taha, Mohamed Y. Zaky
Summary: The study prepares and evaluates the in vivo biological effects of a novel hydroxyapatite/vitamin B-12 nanoformula in Complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis in rats. The prepared nanoformula exhibits anti-arthritic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties, suggesting its potential as a new treatment for rheumatoid arthritis.
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Amany Belal, Rehab Mahmoud, Mohamed Taha, Fatma Mohamed Halfaya, Ahmed Hassaballa, Esraa Salah Elbanna, Esraa Khaled, Ahmed Farghali, Fatma I. Abo El-Ela, Samar M. Mahgoub, Mohammed M. Ghoneim, Mohamed Y. Zaky
Summary: The therapeutic potential of a novel zeolite/vitamin B12 nanocomposite (Nano ZT/Vit B12) in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis was assessed in this study. The results showed that Nano ZT/Vit B12 exhibited anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activities, and significantly improved CFA-induced joint injuries. Therefore, Nano ZT/Vit B12 may be a promising option for the future treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Manisha Nigam, Abhay Prakash Mishra, Vishal Kumar Deb, Deen Bandhu Dimri, Vinod Tiwari, Simona Gabriela Bungau, Alexa Florina Bungau, Andrei-Flavius Radu
Summary: One of the most extensively studied processes in cancer development and treatment is inflammation. While acute inflammation is necessary for wound healing and tissue reconstruction, chronic inflammation may contribute to the onset and growth of cancer. Inflammatory molecules disrupt cell signaling processes that lead to cancer induction, invasion, and development. The tumor microenvironment is greatly influenced by inflammatory cells and their secretions, which also play a significant role in tumor growth, survivability, and potential migration. Targeting inflammation with various therapies can reduce the inflammatory response and potentially inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Aditi Sharma, Chakshu Sharma, Om Praksah Shah, Sridevi Chigurupati, Bhaskaran Ashokan, Semmal Syed Meerasa, Summya Rashid, Tapan Behl, Simona Gabriela Bungau
Summary: Postmenopausal osteoporosis, a prevalent disorder in older women, is characterized by a decrease in bone mineral density and increased risk of fractures. Insufficiency of estrogen hormone leads to postmenopausal osteoporosis. Hormone replacement therapy is the most effective treatment, but it carries the risk of breast cancer and cardiovascular disorders. This review compiles recent information on herbal and natural compounds used to treat and prevent postmenopausal osteoporosis, discussing their origin, chemical constituents, and molecular mechanisms.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Alexa Florina Bungau, Andrei Flavius Radu, Simona Gabriela Bungau, Cosmin Mihai Vesa, Delia Mirela Tit, Laura Maria Endres
Summary: Acne vulgaris is a common skin condition caused by excessive sebum secretion, abnormal keratinization, bacterial colonization, and inflammation. Recent research suggests a link between acne vulgaris and metabolic syndrome, characterized by obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. The excessive production of reactive oxygen species and chronic inflammation play crucial roles in the pathophysiology of both conditions. This review focuses on the molecular implications of inflammatory, hormonal, and environmental factors in the acne-metabolic syndrome correlation and outlines the current understanding of phytotherapeutic approaches as adjuvant strategies. However, future large-scale studies are needed to establish new algorithms for managing patients with these conditions.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2023)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nikita Maruti Gaikwad, Pravin Digambar Chaudhari, Karimunnisa Sameer Shaikh, Somdatta Yashwant Chaudhari, Rasha Mohammed Saleem, Mohammad Algahtani, Ahmed E. Altyar, Ghadeer M. Albadrani, Mohamed Kamel, Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
Summary: Drug repurposing is the process of discovering new activity for existing drugs. This study investigates the interaction of Albendazole, a well-known antihelmintic drug, with the tyrosine kinase protein receptor VEGFR-2. The findings suggest that Albendazole has potential as a potent angiogenesis inhibitor and could aid in the development of anticancer therapies.
Article
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Neelam Sharma, Neha Tiwary, Tapan Behl, Sukhbir Singh, Sumeet Gupta, Md. Khalid Anwer, Celia Vargas-De-La-Cruz, Shivam Yadav, Simona Gabriela Bungau
Summary: Genistein, a type of isoflavone, has a wide range of therapeutic effects in the treatment of various diseases, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, depression, and cancer. It inhibits cancer growth by regulating cell cycle and cell death signaling pathways, has antidiabetic activity through promoting cell proliferation and survival, and exerts cardioprotective effects through antioxidant and antihypertensive activities.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Ahmed Kh. Fayeq, Fatma Abo I. El-Ela, Nema S. Shaban, Abeer M. Radi, Marwa A. Ibrahim, A. A. M. Elgendy
Summary: This study assessed the efficacy of ZnO-NPs against flumethrin-induced hepatorenal toxicity in adult male albino rats. The results showed that flumethrin had significant adverse effects, including decreased antioxidant capacity, impaired liver and kidney functions, and abnormal histological changes. However, these adverse effects were alleviated in the ZnO-NPs/flumethrin-treated group.
TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Bader O. O. Almutairi, Mikhlid H. H. Almutairi, Abdulwahed F. F. Alrefaei, Saad Alkahtani, Saud Alarifi
Summary: This study found that HSPB6 expression is downregulated in colorectal cancer tissues and is associated with tumor progression. Furthermore, HSPB6 is methylated in two colorectal cancer cell lines, and demethylation increases its expression, indicating a mechanistic association between DNA methylation and HSPB6. Therefore, HSPB6 could be a promising biomarker for colorectal cancer diagnosis.
MEDICINA-LITHUANIA
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Turki M. Alrubie, Abdullah M. Alamri, Bader O. Almutairi, Abdulwahed F. Alrefaei, Maha M. Arafah, Mohammad Alanazi, Abdelhabib Semlali, Mikhlid H. Almutairi
Summary: The goal of this study was to validate the expressions of SSX family genes in Saudi male patients with colon cancer (CC) and normal colons (NCs), in order to evaluate their value as potential biomarkers for early-stage CC. The results showed that SSX1 and SSX2 genes were expressed in CC tissue samples, but not in NC tissue samples. In addition, in vitro experiments demonstrated that SSX gene expression could be induced in CC cells through specific treatments. These findings suggest that SSX1 and SSX2 may serve as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for CC.
MEDICINA-LITHUANIA
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Wadyan Lafi Alsulami, Daoud Ali, Bader O. Almutairi, Khadijah N. Yaseen, Saad Alkahtani, Rafa A. Almeer, Saud Alarifi
Summary: In this study, green lead nanoparticles (gPbNPs) synthesized from Ziziphus spina-christi leaves were found to have cytotoxic and apoptotic effects on human breast cancer cells. The gPbNPs exhibited concentration-dependent toxicity and increased intracellular ROS generation. The upregulation of the Bax gene and downregulation of the Bcl-2 gene, along with increased caspase 3/7 activity, confirmed the apoptotic effect of gPbNPs. Overall, gPbNPs activated caspase 3/7 activity and exerted toxic effects on the breast cancer cells.