Multiplatform molecular test performance in indeterminate thyroid nodules

Background Approximately 25% of thyroid nodule fine-needle aspirates (FNAs) have cytology that is indeterminate for malignant disease. Accurate risk stratification of these FNAs with ancillary testing would reduce unnecessary thyroid surgery. Methods We evaluated the performance of an ancillary multiplatform test (MPTX) that has three diagnostic categories (negative, moderate, and positive). MPTX includes the combination of a mutation panel (ThyGeNEXT (R)) and a microRNA risk classifier (ThyraMIR (R)). A blinded, multicenter study was performed using consensus histopathology diagnosis among three pathologists to validate test performance. Results Unanimous consensus diagnosis was reached in 197 subjects with indeterminate thyroid nodules; 36% had disease. MPTX had 95% sensitivity (95% CI,86%-99%) and 90% specificity (95% CI,84%-95%) for disease in prevalence adjusted nodules with Bethesda III and IV cytology. Negative MPTX results ruledout disease with 97% negative predictive value (NPV; 95% CI,91%-99%) at a 30% disease prevalence, while positive MPTX results ruledin high risk disease with 75% positive predictive value (PPV; 95% CI,60%-86%). Such results are expected in four out of five Bethesda III and IV nodules tested, includingRASpositive nodules in which the microRNA classifier was useful in rulingin disease. 90% of mutation panel false positives were due to analytically verifiedRASmutations detected in benign adenomas. Moderate MPTX results had a moderate rate of disease (39%, 95% CI,23%-54%), primarily due toRASmutations, wherein the possibility of disease could not be excluded. Conclusions Our results emphasize that decisions for surgery should not solely be based onRASorRAS-like mutations. MPTX informs management decisions while accounting for these challenges.