Article
Engineering, Chemical
Barbara Vital, Tom Sleutels, M. Cristina Gagliano, Hubertus V. M. Hamelers
Summary: Reverse Electrodialysis (RED) is a promising technology for electricity production, but membrane fouling can affect its energy yield. Pre-treatments, such as the use of a dual media filtration system, can effectively prevent fouling and improve performance.
Article
Thermodynamics
Li Jianbo, Zhang Chen, Liu Kai, Yin Li, Kong Xiangqiang
Summary: This study focuses on recovering salinity gradient energy (SGE) between desalinated seawater and seawater from desalination plants using a reverse electrodialysis (RED) approach, and investigates the impact of different parameters on the performance of a RED stack. The results show that a high concentration, temperature, and flow rate can efficiently improve the performance of the RED stack.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jianbo Li, Chen Zhang, Zhihao Wang, Hao Wang, Zhongchao Bai, Xiangqiang Kong
Summary: The reverse electrodialysis (RED) approach is introduced to capture the salinity gradient energy (SGE) between concentrated seawater and seawater for power production. The feasibility of this approach is verified, and a preferred control strategy and performance analysis for multi-stage RED stacks are proposed.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhihao Wang, Jianbo Li, Chen Zhang, Hao Wang, Xiangqiang Kong
Summary: The study introduces the reverse electrodialysis method to harvest salinity gradient energy between brine and seawater for power generation, aiming to alleviate the damage to marine ecology.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Eunjin Jwa, Namjo Jeong, Joo-Youn Nam, Jong-In Han
Summary: This study designs a novel reverse electrodialysis (RED) based on carbon electrodes for wastewater disinfection and recycling in the field of seawater technology. The results show that under appropriate experimental conditions, it is possible to achieve efficient energy harvesting and disinfection, as well as effective suppression of inorganic fouling.
Article
Thermodynamics
Sergio Santoro, Ramato Ashu Tufa, Ahmet Halil Avci, Enrica Fontananova, Gianluca Di Profio, Efrem Curcio
Summary: The study investigated the fouling propensity and stability of Ion Exchange Membranes in highly concentrated brine, revealing that Cation Exchange Membranes are more susceptible to scaling and Anion Exchange Membranes may undergo chemical modifications due to organic fouling. Results from lab-scale RED tests showed a significant increase in pressure drop and a reduction in gross power density due to colloidal fouling.
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Diego Pintossi, Michel Saakes, Zandrie Borneman, Kitty Nijmeijer
Summary: Fouling is a major concern in harvesting salinity gradient energy using reverse electrodialysis (RED). This study focused on developing antifouling membranes by surface modification of a commercial anion exchange membrane with zwitterionic layers. While zwitterionic monomers effectively delayed fouling onset, zwitterionic brushes not only delayed the onset but also slowed down the growth of the fouling layer, leading to higher power density outputs in RED applications.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Hailong Gao, Jianbo Li, Rong Fu, Lingjie Wang, Hao Wang, Tianyi Pan, Xiangqiang Kong
Summary: This study investigates the effect of ideal flow modes on the conversion efficiency of reverse electrodialysis (RED) for harnessing salinity gradient energy. Models of flow mode influencing RED performances are built and experimentally verified. Results show that counter-current flow mode is superior to co-current flow mode in a single-stage RED stack, especially with increasing concentration of the concentrated solution, decreasing concentration of the diluted solution, and decreasing flow rate. In multi-stage stacks, counter-current flow mode remains better than co-current flow mode, but the difference decreases with increasing stage number. This study provides support for utilizing the salinity gradient energy between concentrated brine and seawater.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Eunjin Jwa, Hanki Kim, Joo-Youn Nam, Jong-In Han, Namjo Jeong
Summary: Investigated the inorganic fouling in large-scale reverse electrodialysis (RED) cathodic electrocatalysts, and found that surface-modified carbon nanostructures exhibited better anti-fouling behavior at high voltages, providing a theoretical basis for industrial applications using natural seawater.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Azadeh Nazif, Hamed Karkhanechi, Ehsan Saljoughi, Seyed Mahmoud Mousavi, Hideto Matsuyama
Summary: This study presents a review of key parameters, membrane materials, electrochemical properties, operational parameters, fouling and antifouling strategies of the reverse electrodialysis (RED) process. It also discusses the pilot scale and limitations of RED commercialization, and proposes a new RED hybrid process.
JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Fenhong Song, Xuan An, Long Ma, Jiakun Zhuang, Yinghua Qiu
Summary: In this study, the effects of divalent ions as counterions and co-ions on the performance of osmotic energy conversion (OEC) in negatively and positively charged nanopores under natural salt gradients were investigated. The results showed that trace Ca2+ ions as counterions could significantly suppress the electric power and conversion efficiency, while their effects as co-ions were weak. The study also revealed the promotion of charged exterior surfaces in the OEC process.
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Soryong Chae, Hanki Kim, Jin Gi Hong, Jaewon Jang, Mitsuru Higa, Mohammad Pishnamazi, Ji-Yeon Choi, Ramali Chandula Walgama, Chulsung Bae, In S. Kim, Jin-Soo Park
Summary: This article reviews recent advances in ion-exchange membranes (IEMs), process design, and optimization of reverse electrodialysis (RED) systems. Challenges in pilot-scale and field-scale systems are discussed, and future research directions for enhancing the economic feasibility of RED for salinity gradient power (SGP) generation are proposed.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zhi-Yuan Guo, Wei-Zhe Cui, Zhi-Yong Ji, Kaniki Tumba, Jing Wang, Liu-Jia Fu, Zhao-Xiang Zhang, Jie Liu, Ying-Ying Zhao, Zhong-De Zhang, Jun-Sheng Yuan
Summary: This study investigates the experiment and simulation of multi-stage reverse electrodialysis (MS-RED) and explores the influence of flow rate and compartment thickness on its performance. The results show that multi-stage reverse electrodialysis has better performance compared to other methods, and it can achieve the deep utilization of concentrated seawater while reducing the environmental risks of direct discharge.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Zhihao Wang, Jianbo Li, Hao Wang, Mengqi Li, Lingjie Wang, Xiangqiang Kong
Summary: This study analyzed the effects of trace ions in seawater and concentrated brine on the reverse electrodialysis (RED) technique. The experimental results showed that divalent ions significantly increased the internal resistance and reduced power output, while potassium ions had the opposite effect. Furthermore, increasing the salinity gradient, temperature, and flow rate improved voltage and power density, and reduced internal power consumption.
FRONTIERS IN ENERGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Shuibin Kang, Jianbo Li, Zhihao Wang, Chen Zhang, Xiangqiang Kong
Summary: This study proposes the use of reverse electrodialysis (RED) to capture salinity gradient energy for power production, with a focus on the impact of sediments in concentrated seawater on the performance of the stack. It was found that most sediments are harmful to the output performance of the RED stack, but after filtration, the maximum power density increased by 19% and open-circuit voltage increased by 9.4% compared to their original values.
JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES
(2022)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Joohyun Kim, Sunho Yoon, Minhee Choi, Kyung Jin Min, Ki Young Park, Kangmin Chon, Sungjun Bae
Summary: In this study, a pilot-scale electrodialysis system was developed for the treatment of plating wastewater, concentrating metal species for selective recovery via electrowinning and chemical precipitation processes. Electrodialysis showed potential for addressing challenges in metal recovery from low concentration wastewater, demonstrating selective recovery of copper and other metals.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2022)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
SungJu Im, Hee-Joong Kim, Hojung Rho, YeonKwon Kim
Summary: This study investigates the effect of physical change factors in a thermal hydrolysis reactor on the dewatering capacity and solubilization, aiming to reduce the sludge quantity produced from wastewater treatment. By adjusting factors such as sludge amount, slope degree, stirring speed, and residual oxygen quantity, the study identifies optimal conditions for achieving the highest dewatering capacity and efficiency. The findings provide insights into utilizing sludge based on its characteristics.
ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yuying Liu, Jeonghoo Sim, Ruth Habte Hailemariam, Jonghun Lee, Hojung Rho, Kwang-Duck Park, Dae Woo Kim, Yun Chul Woo
Summary: With the increasing global demand for energy, the upgrade and purification of biogas become essential to eliminate impurities and enhance combustion efficiency. Among different biogas purification processes, advanced membrane separation technologies, particularly hollow fiber membranes, have been highlighted for their simplicity, scalability, and cost-effectiveness in removing CO2, the most abundant contaminant in biogas.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jaegwan Shin, Jinwoo Kwak, Sangwon Kim, Changgil Son, Yong-Gu Lee, Jonggu Kim, Sungjun Bae, Yongeun Park, Sang-Ho Lee, Kangmin Chon
Summary: This study investigated the effectiveness of carbonaceous adsorbents (SS@SCA) prepared from steel slags (SSs) and spent coffee grounds (SCGs) for capturing and utilizing phosphate ions. The SS@SCA showed higher adsorption capacity and magnetic separability compared to pristine carbonaceous adsorbents (SCA). The adsorption mechanism of PO43- ions changed from physisorption to chemisorption with the co-pyrolysis process, allowing selective capture of PO43- ions.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Zeeshan Haider Jaffari, Heewon Jeong, Jaegwan Shin, Jinwoo Kwak, Changgil Son, Yong-Gu Lee, Sangwon Kim, Kangmin Chon, Kyung Hwa Cho
Summary: In this study, ten tree-based machine learning models were used to accurately predict the adsorption capacity of biochar materials. The CatBoost model performed the best, outperforming all other models.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Yong-Gu Lee, Jaegwan Shin, Seung Joon Kim, Kyung Hwa Cho, Paul Westerhoff, Hojung Rho, Kangmin Chon
Summary: This study systematically investigated the organic fouling characteristics of hollow fiber ultrafiltration (HFUF) and multibore ultrafiltration (MBUF) membranes from long-term ultrafiltration (UF) membrane systems. The results showed that hydrophobic dissolved organic matter (DOM) controlled the fouling of HFUF membranes, while hydrophilic DOM, including polysaccharide-like and protein-like matter, promoted fouling of MBUF membranes. The decline in performance of MBUF membranes due to fouling layer formation was more severe than that of HFUF membranes. Alkaline-based cleaning agent was found to be more efficient in recovering the performance of fouled MBUF membranes, highlighting the importance of adequate cleaning strategies for preventing performance deterioration in the p-UHMS.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yu Cheng, Qiangqiang Cheng, Chengjin Zhao, Xianghao Ren, Yu Wang, Yingying Kou, Kangmin Chon, Myung-Han Ko, Moon-Hyun Hwang
Summary: The study used aluminum sulfate and anionic polyacrylamide as coagulant and flocculant, respectively, to treat secondary effluent from a food-processing industry wastewater treatment plant. The removal efficiencies of COD, UV254, and SUVA were 44.61%, 25.13%, and 9.13%, respectively. Coagulation reduced the fluorescence intensities of humic-like components and flocculation reduced the aromaticity of the effluent. The cost of the treatment process was 0.034 CNY t(-1) %COD-1.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chung-Seop Lee, Hojung Rho, Naushita Sharma, Bongyeon Jung, Paul Westerhoff
Summary: Mining and extracting metals from hard rock have negative impacts on the environment, but these impacts can be mitigated by capturing dissolved metals from water and converting them into economically valuable products. This study discovered that gamma-aluminum oxide can remove metal ions from water and create a catalytic material with potential economic benefits.
Review
Engineering, Environmental
Byung-Moon Jun, Hak-Hyeon Kim, Hojung Rho, Jiwon Seo, Jin-Woo Jeon, Seong-Nam Nam, Chang Min Park, Yeomin Yoon
Summary: This study provides a comprehensive review of precipitation processes for the recovery of rare-earth elements (REEs) and radioactive elements. The optimal recovery performance and precipitation mechanisms are clarified using various characterization approaches. The study also highlights the potential research challenges and complexities associated with the recovery process.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Uijeong Han, Yong-Gu Lee, Jihui Byeon, Kangmin Chon, Si-Kyung Cho
Summary: In this study, the effects of O3 and O3/H2O2 oxidation treatment on waste nutrient solution were investigated to mitigate BA-driven autotoxicity. The results showed that the O3/H2O2 treatment significantly increased BA degradation and reduced GI and RI. The optimal treatment condition was suggested to be BA125 (1-8).
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jaegwan Shin, Jinwoo Kwak, Sangwon Kim, Changgil Son, Beomseok Kang, Yong-Gu Lee, Kangmin Chon
Summary: In this study, Mg/Al layered double hydroxides (LDH) functionalized coffee ground waste biochars (LDHMgAl@CWGB) were used to selectively recover phosphate and nitrate ions in water and were found to act as slow-release fertilizers for stimulating plant growth. The higher adsorption capacity of LDHMgAl@CWGB compared to pristine coffee ground waste biochars was attributed to the incorporation of Mg/Al mixed oxides and Cl contents. The changes in the major adsorption mechanisms from ligand exchange (CWGB) to electrostatic surface complexation and anion-exchange (LDHMgAl@CWGB) improved the selectivity and adsorption capacity of phosphate and nitrate ions onto CWGB. Phosphate and nitrate-loaded LDHMgAl@CWGB showed significantly higher seed germination and growth rates of garden cress seeds, suggesting their potential use as slow-release fertilizers in agriculture.
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Hojung Rho, Yong-gu Lee, Jaeweon Cho, Yun Chul Woo, Kangmin Chon
Summary: Carbonate alkalinity plays a crucial role in regulating the pH and buffering capacity of natural water systems. This study proposes a novel TOC method to accurately measure carbonate alkalinity, which overcomes the limitations of conventional potentiometric titration methods. The TOC method provides rapid, automated, and reproducible measurements, even in the presence of high levels of dissolved organic matter or inorganic ions.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Review
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Jeonghoo Sim, Jonghun Lee, Hojung Rho, Kwang-Duck Park, Youngkwon Choi, Deokhwan Kim, Hyeonbin Kim, Yun Chul Woo
Summary: With the development of semiconductor production, semiconductor wastewater has become an emerging issue due to its severe toxicity and complexity. This review discusses various treatment processes, including physical, chemical, biological, and hybrid or combined processes, to remove and degrade the chemicals commonly used in semiconductor fabrication. Understanding the characteristics, efficiency, effect factors, and limitations of these processes is crucial for proper semiconductor wastewater treatment. The review also proposes future trends in the treatment process to minimize the semiconductor wastewater problem.
JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Sung Ho Chae, Hojung Rho, Seokyoon Moon
Summary: This study investigated the effects of intrinsic membrane parameters on dilutive external concentration polarization during forward osmosis and pressure-retarded osmosis processes. It emphasizes the importance of reducing solute permeability for membrane optimization.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Hojung Rho, Byung-Moon Jun, Yun Chul Woo, Chanhyuk Park, Kangmin Chon, Jaeweon Cho
Summary: This study investigates the use of diffusion coefficients as surrogate indicators for evaluating the electrostatic repulsive forces between natural organic matter (NOM) and ultrafiltration (UF) membrane surfaces. The results demonstrate a strong correlation between the reduction in diffusion coefficients and the heightened electrostatic repulsion when membranes rich in ionizable functional groups with strong negative charges are involved. This innovative approach contributes to proactive and predictive assessments of membrane performance and enhances the operational efficiency of water treatment facilities.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Arvin Sohrabi, Mousa Meratizaman, Shuli Liu
Summary: This paper simulates and discusses possible solutions to improve the economic and technical performances of a battery-less renewable energy-powered BWRO system under real climate conditions. The study finds that the photovoltaic-based system performs better in terms of specific energy consumption and unused energy ratio.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Chunlan Pan, Xiaoyin Hu, Vishal Goyal, Theyab R. Alsenani, Salem Alkhalaf, Tamim Alkhalifah, Fahad Alturise, Hamad Almujibah, H. Elhosiny Ali
Summary: This paper introduces a novel waste heat recovery method using the hot flue gas from a ship's engine to produce liquefied hydrogen while meeting the ship's air-conditioning requirement. A comprehensive feasibility assessment is conducted and an artificial neural network with a multiobjective grey wolf optimization method is used for optimization. The findings indicate the highest mean sensitivity index of the flash temperature and the best optimization scenario for exergy efficiency, CO2 emission reduction, and liquefied hydrogen cost.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Daniele Chinello, Jan Post, Louis C. P. M. de Smet
Summary: In this study, PVDF-based anion-exchange membranes were designed to selectively separate nitrate from chloride. Experimental data showed that increasing the concentration of PVDF enhanced nitrate transport but also increased the membrane electrical resistance. The selectivity of nitrate was found to be independent of the membrane thickness and mainly driven by the increased affinity between the anion and the membrane.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Umar Noor, Muhammad Fayyaz Farid, Ammara Sharif, Amna Saleem, Zubair Nabi, Muhammad Furqan Mughal, Kiran Abbas, Toheed Ahmed
Summary: Global water scarcity is increasing, and water desalination is an important solution. Multifunctional advanced materials, such as membrane materials and solar-driven desalination, play a crucial role in water desalination. Additionally, these materials can be used for water purification, wastewater treatment, and pollutant elimination.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Emrah Gumus
Summary: With growing global concerns about climate change and environmental impacts, the use of nuclear energy in naval vessels offers a cleaner and more efficient solution to reduce emissions and address water and energy supply challenges. This study explores a novel system that combines a nuclear-driven supercritical carbon dioxide power cycle with reverse osmosis cogeneration to meet the water and electricity demands in maritime operations, enhancing the sustainability, efficiency, and self-sufficiency of naval vessels. The results indicate that the system has the potential to be a viable and effective solution for naval operations.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Dao Thi Thanh Huyen, Saikat Sinha Ray, Young -Nam Kwon
Summary: This study focuses on the modification of a commercially available polyamide thin-film composite membrane with a zwitterionic material to enhance its fouling resistance. The modified membrane shows improved salt rejection and reduced permeability compared to the pristine membrane. Fouling tests demonstrate that the modified membrane has a lower fouling ratio and higher recovery ratio. The enhanced antifouling characteristics are attributed to the improved hydrophilicity resulting from the zwitterionic brushes and the salting-in effect.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Niklas Koeller, Lukas Mankertz, Selina Finger, Christian J. Linnartz, Matthias Wessling
Summary: This study presents a methodology to scale up Flow-electrode Capacitive Deionization (FCDI) technology from lab-scale to pilot-scale systems. By increasing membrane area and using a stacking approach, the FCDI modules were successfully scaled up and achieved a salt transfer rate comparable to lab-scale systems. This provides a foundation for future assessments of energy demand and economics.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Mona Gulied, Sifani Zavahir, Tasneem Elmakki, Hyunwoong Park, Guillermo Hijos Gago, Ho Kyong Shon, Dong Suk Han
Summary: This study introduces a novel hybrid system that combines direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) and electrically switched ion exchange (ESIX) to facilitate seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) brine enrichment and selective lithium recovery.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zhiqiang Zhang, Ruifeng Deng, Jiao Zhang, Lu She, Guangfeng Wei, Renyong Jia, Pengyu Xiang, Siqing Xia
Summary: A transmembrane electro-chemisorption system with authigenic acid and base was developed for enhancing ammonia recovery from strong ammonia wastewater. The system efficiently transformed ammonium into free ammonia, which was then adsorbed and recovered through transmembrane chemisorption. This system yielded pure (NH4)2SO4 product and produced valuable byproducts of pure hydrogen and oxygen. Higher applied voltage resulted in better ammonia recovery.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Alena Popova, Sandrine Boivin, Takuji Shintani, Takahiro Fujioka
Summary: This study aimed to produce a high-integrity RO membrane by forming a polyamide skin layer on a TE support layer, in order to enhance the integrity of the membrane and improve the microbiological safety of potable water reuse.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Sanjana Yagnambhatt, Saber Khanmohammadi, Jonathan Maisonneuve
Summary: This study investigates the concept of using heat to enhance reverse osmosis (RO) desalination. The effect of temperature on water permeate flux, specific energy, permeate quality, and applied operating pressures is evaluated using an analytical model. The results suggest that under specific conditions, the tradeoff between savings in mechanical pump work and thermal energy input in thermally-enhanced RO can be favorable, leading to overall energy savings.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Jiangju Si, Chenrui Xue, Shun Li, Linchao Yang, Weiwei Li, Jie Yang, Jihong Lan, Ningbo Sun
Summary: To meet the huge demand for lithium resources, there is an urgent need to develop a new efficient technology for lithium recovery from salt-lake brines. In this study, a selective membrane capacitive deionization system is reported, which achieves high lithium recovery capacity and rate through the use of materials with efficient intercalated pseudo-capacitance and a high specific area porous carbon. The use of a modified thin-coated membrane allows for selective Li+ recovery, and adjusting the concentrations of Li+ and Mg2+ in the feed solution enables higher Li+/Mg2+ selectivity.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Mohamed R. Salem, R. Y. Sakr, Ghazy M. R. Assassa, Omar A. Aly
Summary: This research proposes a new method of using wasted thermal energies as an additional heating source for solar still distillation units (SSDUs) to increase productivity and reduce pollution and global warming. By testing two SSDUs, the study shows that heating airflow can raise temperatures, enhance freshwater production, and improve system thermal efficiency.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Qimeng Sun, Miao Sun, Linyan Yang, Yuan Gao, Xinghai Zhou, Lihua Lyu, Chunyan Wei
Summary: This study presents an innovative design and fabrication of a fabric-based conical roll (FCR) evaporator, which enables low-temperature evaporation and achieves high evaporation efficiency with excellent thermal management ability. The evaporator has demonstrated advanced light-harvesting capability and can produce freshwater that meets drinking water standards, showing great potential for applications in desalination and sewage treatment.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yidong Zhang, Wangfang Deng, Meiyan Wu, Chao Liu, Guang Yu, Qiu Cui, Pedram Fatehi, Chunlin Xu, Bin Li
Summary: In this study, a novel polydopamine-functionalized lignin-containing pulp foam evaporator with high-efficiency desalination and multi-contaminant adsorption capabilities was designed. The foam evaporator showed excellent light absorption, water absorption, thermal conductivity, and chelation abilities, allowing for solar evaporation and contaminant adsorption synergistically. It also exhibited potential applications in metal ion concentration and contaminated seawater treatments, and demonstrated superior biodegradability compared to poly-styrene foam. This foam material holds promise for developing multifunctional photo-thermal systems for solar-driven water purification.
