Review
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Viviana Aya, Paula Jimenez, Enrique Munoz, Juan David Ramirez
Summary: This review examines the impact of exercise intervention or increased physical activity level on the gut microbiota of adults older than 65 and describes the changes in composition, diversity, and function of the gut microbiota in older subjects who have improved their physical activity level. The study found no significant changes in diversity metrics in almost all the studies, but significant changes in genus-level abundance were observed in older adults who underwent a five-week or longer exercise program.
Review
Biology
Stefania Cataldi, Valerio Bonavolonta, Luca Poli, Filipe Manuel Clemente, Michele De Candia, Roberto Carvutto, Ana Filipa Silva, Georgian Badicu, Gianpiero Greco, Francesco Fischetti
Summary: This systematic review explores the relationship between physical activity/exercise and the human gut microbiota. It finds that aerobic exercise is associated with increased diversity in the gut microbiota, while resistance training does not show a significant correlation. Training duration may be related to the abundance of the Prevotella genus. Exercising according to the minimum dose recommended by the World Health Organizations does not have a significant impact on gut microbiota richness and diversity. Intense and prolonged physical exercise may lead to higher abundance of pro-inflammatory bacteria. Physical activity does not lead to significant changes in gut microbiota diversity in elderly individuals. The heterogeneity of training parameters, diet control, and sequencing methods are confounding factors in the studies.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Abdelnaby Khalyfa, Aaron Ericsson, Zhuanghong Qiao, Isaac Almendros, Ramon Farre, David Gozal
Summary: Experiments on mice mimicking obstructive sleep apnea revealed that intermittent hypoxia exposure leads to changes in gut microbiota, increased gut permeability, altered plasma exosome cargo, and adipocyte dysfunction, ultimately resulting in metabolic dysfunction. Additionally, physical activity can improve these alterations.
Article
Physiology
Katarina Soltys, Leonard Lendvorsky, Ivan Hric, Eva Baranovicova, Adela Penesova, Ivan Mikula, Miroslav Bohmer, Jaroslav Budis, Silvia Vavrova, Jozef Grones, Marian Grendar, Martin Kolisek, Viktor Bielik
Summary: The study found that regular physical activity in elderly individuals has a positive effect on the microbiota composition, but little is known about the additional benefits of strenuous endurance training. By combining different omics approaches, the research aimed to analyze the physiology of elderly endurance athletes and identify biomarkers associated with endurance training. Strenuous athletic training was associated with higher cardiorespiratory fitness, lower body fat, and some favorable gut microbiota composition, all factors linked to slowing the rate of biological aging.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Neurosciences
Carol L. Cheatham, David C. Nieman, Andrew P. Neilson, Mary Ann Lila
Summary: Age-related cognitive changes may be an early indication of dementia progression, and these changes are driven by complex interactions among factors such as diet, activity levels, genetics, and environment. Recent studies have found that flavonoid-rich foods can inhibit neuroinflammation and enhance cognitive performance. Improved cognition is also correlated with a physically active lifestyle and a diverse gut microbiome. This article suggests that a combination of flavonoid intake and physical exertion may have potential impacts on cognitive function, mediated by the gut microbiome. Further research is needed to explore this hypothesis through animal studies and clinical interventions.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Catarina Ramos, Glenn R. Gibson, Gemma E. Walton, Daniele Magistro, Will Kinnear, Kirsty Hunter
Summary: Recent studies suggest that exercise and physical activity can have a positive impact on the gut microbiome of older adults by decreasing harmful bacteria and increasing beneficial bacteria. However, due to methodological and sample differences, it is currently not possible to determine which specific taxa are most affected by exercise or physical activity.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shrushti Shah, Chunlong Mu, Shirin Moossavi, Grace Shen-Tu, Kristina Schlicht, Nathalie Rohmann, Corinna Geisler, Matthias Laudes, Andre Franke, Thomas Zuellig, Harald Koefeler, Jane Shearer
Summary: Physical inactivity is a leading cause of chronic metabolic diseases, including obesity. Increasing physical activity has been shown to have positive effects on cardiometabolic and musculoskeletal health in athletes. However, the impact of physical activity on the gut microbiota in individuals who engage in regular physical activity in their daily lives is unclear.
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Periyanaina Kesika, Natarajan Suganthy, Bhagavathi Sundaram Sivamaruthi, Chaiyavat Chaiyasut
Summary: Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) through dysbiosis, leading to inflammatory signaling pathway disturbances that promote neuroinflammation and neuronal death. Understanding the relationship between gut microbiota and CNS can help identify probiotic-based supplementation as a potential therapeutic option for AD.
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Jean-Michel Oppert, Alice Bellicha, Cecile Ciangura
Summary: Physical activity and exercise have various benefits for individuals with obesity, aiding in weight loss and reduction of body fat. Different types of training have slightly different effects on weight loss but all improve physical fitness and reduce cardiovascular risk. Tailored physical activity counseling and exercise prescriptions are crucial in achieving specific treatment goals for individual patients.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Meghan A. Berryman, Patricia L. Milletich, Joseph R. Petrone, Luiz F. W. Roesch, Jorma Ilonen, Eric W. Triplett, Johnny Ludvigsson
Summary: This study demonstrates the significant influence of autoimmune-associated genetic factors on the colonization of common Bifidobacterium strains in the gut. HLA DR1-DQ5 is proposed as a protective haplotype associated with increased Bifidobacterium abundance. These findings suggest that HLA genetics should be considered when designing probiotics for individuals at high genetic risk for autoimmune diseases.
JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Daniela Campaniello, Maria Rosaria Corbo, Milena Sinigaglia, Barbara Speranza, Angela Racioppo, Clelia Altieri, Antonio Bevilacqua
Summary: Gut microbiota plays a vital role in human health, and factors like diet and physical activity can influence its composition and functionality. Different diets and types of exercise can shape the gut microbiota, which in turn affects the health of the host.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Yan Hui, Birgitte Smith, Martin Steen Mortensen, Lukasz Krych, Soren J. Sorensen, Gorm Greisen, Karen Angeliki Krogfelt, Dennis Sandris Nielsen
Summary: The study found that probiotic supplementation in preterm neonates affected gut colonization by certain bacteria, but did not change the overall longitudinal bacterial progression during the neonatal period.
Article
Sport Sciences
Kristel Lankhorst, Tim Takken, Maremka Zwinkels, Leendert van Gaalen, Saskia te Velde, Frank Backx, Olaf Verschuren, Harriet Wittink, Janke de Groot
Summary: The study showed that youth with chronic diseases or physical disabilities who participated in organized sports had better health-related fitness and physical activity levels. Promotion and encouragement of sports participation can lead to improved health and active lifestyle in this population.
JOURNAL OF STRENGTH AND CONDITIONING RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sabrina Donati Zeppa, Fabio Ferrini, Deborah Agostini, Stefano Amatori, Elena Barbieri, Giovanni Piccoli, Piero Sestili, Vilberto Stocchi
Summary: This article discusses the importance of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and its relationship with the gut microbiota. Evidence suggests that there is a bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the brain, through neural, endocrine, and inflammatory mechanisms. Nutraceuticals and exercise can influence the composition of the gut microbiota and have an impact on depressive symptoms.
Article
Oncology
Caroline Himbert, W. Zac Stephens, Biljana Gigic, Sheetal Hardikar, Andreana N. Holowatyj, Tengda Lin, Jennifer Ose, Eric Swanson, Anjelica Ashworth, Christy A. Warby, Anita R. Peoples, David Nix, Jolanta Jedrzkiewicz, Mary Bronner, Bartley Pickron, Courtney Scaife, Jessica N. Cohan, Petra Schrotz-King, Nina Habermann, Juergen Boehm, Meredith Hullar, Jane C. Figueiredo, Adetunji T. Toriola, Erin M. Siegel, Christopher Li, Alexis B. Ulrich, David Shibata, Kenneth Boucher, Lyen C. Huang, Martin Schneider, June L. Round, Cornelia M. Ulrich
Summary: Associations between physical activity, BMI, and gut microbiome diversity and abundances were investigated in colorectal cancer patients. Lower gut microbial diversity was observed among inactive and obese patients. Physical activity may offset gut microbiome dysbiosis due to obesity.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CANCER RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anthony J. Basile, Alex E. Mohr, Paniz Jasbi, Haiwei Gu, Pierre Deviche, Karen L. Sweazea
Summary: The study found that a four-week high-fat diet did not alter plasma glucose concentrations or metabolic physiology in mourning doves, indicating that these birds have mechanisms that allow them to avoid the pathologies commonly associated with high-fat diets in mammals.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Alex E. Mohr, Olivia Minicucci, Dale Long, Vincent J. Miller, Allison Keller, Caitlin Sheridan, Gabriel O'brien, Emery Ward, Brad Schuler, Scott Connelly, Jens J. Holst, Arne Astrup, Feng He, Christopher L. Gentile, Paul J. Arciero
Summary: The study showed that diets containing resistant starch and whey protein are beneficial for energy metabolism and weight control. These diets increase postprandial thermogenesis and fat oxidation, while reducing insulin response, which can impact weight management and body composition under chronic feeding conditions.
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Alex E. Mohr, Eric Gumpricht, Dorothy D. Sears, Karen L. Sweazea
Summary: Calorie restriction is a primary dietary intervention that has been shown to modulate aging pathways and positively affect age-associated diseases. Intermittent fasting regimens, such as alternate day fasting and time-restricted feeding, offer similar clinical benefits as calorie restriction. Research on the impact of these fasting protocols on the gut microbiome is limited, but suggests that fasting interventions can alter gut microbiome composition and physiology.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Otorhinolaryngology
Kajal Farahmandi, Alex E. Mohr, Lynne McFarland
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the specific effects of different probiotic strains on allergic rhinitis. The systematic review and meta-analysis revealed that probiotics showed some improvement in clinical and immunological parameters of allergic rhinitis.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF RHINOLOGY & ALLERGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Alex E. Mohr, Meli'sa Crawford, Paniz Jasbi, Samantha Fessler, Karen L. Sweazea
Summary: This review discusses how structural differences in LPS can induce differential immunological responses in the host and analyzes the association between LPS and metabolic conditions and chronic disease.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Paniz Jasbi, Alex E. Mohr, Xiaojian Shi, Tara Mahmood, Qiyun Zhu, Meg Bruening, Haiwei Gu, Corrie Whisner
Summary: As screens become a ubiquitous part of modern life, concerns have grown about the potential effects of high screen time. This study is the first to investigate the molecular effects of high screen time and proposes a data-driven hypothesis linking it to mitochondrial dysfunction and aberrant amino acid metabolism.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Paul J. Arciero, Stephen J. Ives, Alex E. Mohr, Nathaniel Robinson, Daniela Escudero, Jake Robinson, Kayla Rose, Olivia Minicucci, Gabriel O'Brien, Kathryn Curran, Vincent J. Miller, Feng He, Chelsea Norton, Maia Paul, Caitlin Sheridan, Sheriden Beard, Jessica Centore, Monique Dudar, Katy Ehnstrom, Dakembay Hoyte, Heather Mak, Aaliyah Yarde
Summary: This study examined the effects of different exercise times on health and performance outcomes in women and men. The results showed that morning exercise reduced abdominal fat and blood pressure in women, while evening exercise enhanced muscular performance. In men, evening exercise increased fat oxidation, reduced systolic blood pressure and fatigue. The findings suggest that exercise time may be important for optimizing individual exercise-induced outcomes, regardless of macronutrient intake.
FRONTIERS IN PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alex E. Mohr, Jamie Pugh, Orla O'Sullivan, Katherine Black, Jeremy R. Townsend, David B. Pyne, Floris C. Wardenaar, Nicholas P. West, Corrie M. Whisner, Lynne V. McFarland
Summary: Probiotic supplementation is recognized for improving performance and general health in athletes and physically active individuals, but current trials suffer from design flaws and inconsistent outcome measures.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Alex E. Mohr, Anthony J. Basile, Karen L. Sweazea
Summary: Urbanization affects food quality and availability for birds, which in turn influences their gut microbiome and metabolic profiles. This study found that urban doves had different gut microbiome composition compared to birds fed a seed diet, but the impact on host physiology was weak.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-REGULATORY INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Alex E. Mohr, Cherine Hatem, Geeta Sikand, Mary Rozga, Lisa Moloney, Joanne Sullivan, Desiree De Waal, Deepa Handu
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of medical nutrition therapy provided by registered dietitian nutritionists on adults with dyslipidemia. Through meta-analysis, it was found that medical nutrition therapy can improve patients' total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and systolic blood pressure, but does not significantly affect high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and diastolic blood pressure.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL LIPIDOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Paul J. Arciero, Karen M. Arciero, Michelle Poe, Alex E. Mohr, Stephen J. Ives, Autumn Arciero, Molly Boyce, Jin Zhang, Melissa Haas, Emma Valdez, Delaney Corbet, Kaitlyn Judd, Annika Smith, Olivia Furlong, Marley Wahler, Eric Gumpricht
Summary: The study found that both IF1-P and IF2-P can effectively reduce weight and improve body composition, cardiometabolic health, and hunger management. However, IF2-P had better effects in terms of weight loss and waist circumference reduction, and also showed better results in fat mass, glucose, and hunger levels.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alex E. Mohr, Paniz Jasbi, Kiley B. Vander Wyst, Irene van Woerden, Xiaojian Shi, Haiwei Gu, Corrie M. Whisner, Meg Bruening
Summary: Voluntary caloric restriction can lead to changes in gut microbiota composition and function. However, these findings may not apply to food insecurity. In this study, the fecal microbiome and metabolome of food secure and food insecure college students were compared, revealing differences in microbial and metabolite composition between the two groups. Further research is needed to understand the long-term metabolic effects of food insecurity and how gut microbes influence metabolic outcomes.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Alex E. Mohr, Paniz Jasbi, Devin A. Bowes, Blake Dirks, Corrie M. Whisner, Karen M. Arciero, Michelle Poe, Haiwei Gu, Eric Gumpricht, Karen L. Sweazea, Paul J. Arciero
Summary: Nutritional interventions, such as intermittent fasting, show potential benefits in addressing obesity and cardiometabolic dysfunction by modulating body weight regulation, gut microbiome, and plasma metabolome. This study analyzed the impact of a four-week intermittent fasting intervention on overweight and obese adults and found that it modestly influenced gut microbiome community structure and plasma metabolome, suggesting its viability as a nutritional intervention strategy.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Paul J. J. Arciero, Michelle Poe, Alex E. E. Mohr, Stephen J. J. Ives, Autumn Arciero, Karen L. L. Sweazea, Eric Gumpricht, Karen M. M. Arciero
Summary: This study compared intermittent fasting and protein pacing (IF-P) with a heart-healthy caloric restriction (CR) diet, with both diets matched for energy intake and physical activity energy expenditure, in adults with obesity. The results showed that IF-P resulted in greater reductions in weight, total and visceral fat mass, and desire to eat, and increased fat-free mass percent compared with CR. Both IF-P and CR were effective in optimizing weight loss, body composition, cardiometabolic health, and hunger management.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Alex E. Mohr, Mary M. Ahern, Dorothy D. Sears, Meg Bruening, Corrie M. Whisner
Summary: In this study, significant changes were observed in the gut microbiome during the transition to college, with individual effects playing an important role. The genera Bacteroides, Blautia, and Bifidobacterium were associated with weight gain, while Prevotella and Faecalibacterium were associated with weight loss and maintenance. The Prevotella/Bacteroides ratio was also found to differ based on weight change category. Additionally, 30 latent community structures within the microbiome were associated with waist circumference, sleep, and dietary factors.
