Late fusion of multimodal deep neural networks for weeds classification

In agriculture, many types of weeds have a harmful impact on agricultural productivity. Recognizing weeds and understanding the threat they pose to farmlands is a significant challenge because many weeds are quite similar in their external structure, making it difficult to classify them. A weeds classification approach with high accuracy and quick processing should be incorporated into automatic devices in smart agricultural systems to solve this problem. In this study, we develop a novel classification approach via a voting method by using the late fusion of multimodal Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). The score vector used for voting is calculated by either using Bayesian conditional probability-based method or by determining priority weights so that better DNNs models have a higher contribution to scoring. We experimentally studied the Plant Seedlings and Chonnam National University (CNU) Weeds datasets with 5 DNN models: NASNet, Resnet, Inception-Resnet, Mobilenet, and VGG. The results show that our methods achieved an accuracy of 97.31% on the Plant Seedlings dataset, and 98.77% accuracy on the CNU Weeds dataset. Furthermore, our framework can classify an image in near real-time.