期刊
CHEMOSPHERE
卷 252, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126533
关键词
Atrazine; Degradates; DACT; Nationwide survey; Tap water; Human exposure
资金
- Hubei Province Health and Family Planning Scientific Research Project [WJ2019Q004, WJ2019H307]
- Health and Family Planning Commission of Wuhan Municipality [WG14B14, WG18A05]
- Special Project of Chinese Ministry of Environmental Protection [2111101-03, 2111101-04]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [21407117, 21437002]
Despite frequent detection of atrazine (ATZ) and its degradates (including hydroxyatrazine, ATZ-OH; deethylatrazine, DEA; deisopropylatrazine, DIA; and deethyldeisopropylatrazine, DACT) in a variety of water bodies, documentation of their occurrence and distribution in tap water in China is still scarce. A nationwide survey about ATZ and its degradates (ATZs) in tap water from 31 provinces in 7 regions of mainland China and Hong Kong was conducted during June 2019. At least one of the analytes was found in all the water samples (n = 884). The median sum concentrations of ATZs (Sigma ATZs) was 21.0 ng/L (range: 0.02 ng/L-3.04 mu g/L). The predominant compounds of ATZs in tap water were ATZ and DEA, with a detection frequency of 99.5% and 98.0%, respectively, followed by ATZ-OH (87.3%), DACT (84.0%), and DIA (78.1%). Significant regional variations (p < 0.05) were found in the concentrations of ATZs in tap water, and the highest concentration of Sigma ATZs (median: 254 ng/L, range: 0.44 ng/L-3.04 mu g/L) was found in Northeastern China, followed by Eastern (37.2 ng/L, 0.02-706 ng/L), Northern (30.2 ng/L, 0.04-317 ng/L), Central (29.3 ng/L, 0.04-256 ng/L), Southern (25.0 ng/L, 0.04-297 ng/L), Southwestern (17.2 ng/L, 0.02-388 ng/L), and Northwestern China (3.22 ng/L, 0.06-214 ng/L). The level of Sigma ATZs in groundwater from rural area of China was about 1/3 of that found in tap water. ATZs cannot be removed by boiling tap water. The highest estimated daily intake of Sigma ATZs (248 ng/kg-body weight/day) was found in the infant population of Changchun, Jilin, Northeastern China. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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