Article
Neurosciences
Divesh Thaploo, Akshita Joshi, Charalampos Georgiopoulos, Jonathan Warr, Thomas Hummel
Summary: This study aims to investigate the number of fiber bundles between the piriform cortex and the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) as well as the piriform cortex and the thalamus, and their correlations with trigeminal and olfactory chemosensory perceptions. The study found that the number of fiber bundles between the piriform cortex and the thalamus was higher in the left hemisphere, while the number of fiber bundles between the piriform cortex and the OFC was higher in the right hemisphere. Additionally, the fiber bundles between the piriform cortex and the thalamus were positively correlated with the intensity of irritating (trigeminal) odors, while the fiber bundles between the piriform cortex and the OFC were correlated with the threshold scores for these trigeminal odors.
Article
Neurosciences
Nicole E. Neef, Mike Angstadt, Simone P. C. Koenraads, Soo-Eun Chang
Summary: This study found reduced connectivity of the left inferior frontal cortex pars opercularis (IFCop) in children who stutter, particularly in executive, rostral-motor, and caudal-motor corticostriatal projections. In contrast, the right IFCop showed divergent connectivity patterns in stuttering boys. These findings shed light on core deficits in stuttering and challenge existing theories about right hemisphere differences.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Igor Iarrobino, Alessandro Bongiardina, Olga Dal Monte, Pietro Sarasso, Irene Ronga, Marco Neppi-Modona, Rossana Actis-Grosso, Adriana Salatino, Raffaella Ricci
Summary: This study utilized cathodal tDCS to investigate the role of right and left inferior frontal operculum in emotional face discrimination in healthy volunteers. The findings revealed a differential causal role of the two regions in discriminating specific high and low arousal emotions.
Article
Neurosciences
Wenjuan Li, Ke Xie, Ronald K. Ngetich, Junjun Zhang, Zhenlan Jin, Ling Li
Summary: The study demonstrated that bilateral IFG plays a crucial role in the medium use of the reappraisal strategy, particularly in its positive correlation with brain regions like bilateral temporal gyrus, bilateral superior parietal lobe, and middle cingulate cortex.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Psychiatry
Zhenyu Zhang, Pujiang Huang, Shuyu Li, Zhiyu Liu, Jiayao Zhang, Ya'nan Li, Zhiyuan Liu
Summary: Individuals with depression show different patterns of brain activation when processing positive and negative emotional stimuli, but the middle frontal gyrus (MFG) is consistently activated. However, there are no distinct patterns of brain activity between processing positive and negative emotional stimuli in individuals with depression, indicating that both types of emotional stimuli share the same cognitive control-related brain regions in individuals with depression.
PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Regan M. Bernhard, Steven M. Frankland, Dillon Plunkett, Beau Sievers, Joshua D. Greene
Summary: Humans have the ability to think about possible states of the world without believing in them. This research explores two competing theories about belief and its neural basis. The results support the Spinozan theory that understanding without belief requires an additional process of unbelieving, as indicated by increased activation in the right inferior frontal gyrus.
JOURNAL OF COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yueh-Hsin Lin, Vukshitha Dhanaraj, Alana E. Mackenzie, Isabella M. Young, Onur Tanglay, Robert G. Briggs, Arpan R. Chakraborty, Jorge Hormovas, R. Dineth Fonseka, Sihyong J. Kim, Jacky T. Yeung, Charles Teo, Michael E. Sughrue
Summary: The study on the parahippocampal gyrus using diffusion tensor imaging revealed its critical role in cognitive functions and memory processing. It identified connections with the inferior longitudinal fasciculus and cingulum, providing insights into potential postoperative cognitive decline. The research contributes to a better understanding of executive functioning following surgery for limbic tumors.
WORLD NEUROSURGERY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Wanying Zhao, Yanchang Li, Yi Du
Summary: The study investigates how the frontal control region interacts with temporal representation in semantic integration by using inhibitory transcranial magnetic stimulation. The results suggest a two-stage gesture-speech integration circuit with sequential involvement of pMTG and IFG, providing new insights into the dynamic brain network of multimodal semantic processing.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Edmund T. Rolls, Gustavo Deco, Chu-Chung Huang, Jianfeng Feng
Summary: The amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex are involved in emotion. Through experiments on 171 humans from the Human Connectome Project, it was found that the human amygdala has fewer effective connections with cortical regions compared to the orbitofrontal cortex. It is proposed that the amygdala is primarily involved in autonomic and conditioned responses, rather than declarative emotion.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Maia S. Pujara, Nicole K. Ciesinski, Joseph F. Reyelts, Sarah E. V. Rhodes, Elisabeth A. Murray
Summary: This study found that the functional interaction between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex is crucial for supporting social and nonsocial valuation. Different regions of the prefrontal cortex exhibit distinct deficits when impaired.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Valerie J. Sydnor, Matthew Cieslak, Romain Duprat, Joseph Deluisi, Matthew W. Flounders, Hannah Long, Morgan Scully, Nicholas L. Balderston, Yvette Sheline, Dani S. Bassett, Theodore D. Satterthwaite, Desmond J. Oathes
Summary: The amygdala processes valenced stimuli and influences emotion. This study found that transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can indirectly change amygdala activity when applied to ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (vIPFC). TMS stimulation of vIPFC was associated with acute and focal modulations of amygdala activity. Higher fiber density in the vIPFC-amygdala white matter pathway was also related to larger TMS-induced changes in the amygdala, indicating the importance of this pathway for cortical-subcortical communication.
Article
Neurosciences
Sijia Liu, Yang Lu, Shuang Li, Pujiang Huang, Lin Li, Siyi Liu, Weidong Zhang, Zhiyuan Liu, Xiuyan Guo
Summary: The study identified that individuals with Internet gaming disorder exhibit increased risk-taking behavior, which is positively correlated with their reflection level. The resting-state functional connectivity between brain regions plays a key role in moderating the relationship between reflection level and risk-taking behavior in these individuals.
BRAIN RESEARCH BULLETIN
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Bruce Luber, Simon W. Davis, Zhi-De Deng, David Murphy, Andrew Martella, Angel Peterchev, Sarah H. Lisanby
Summary: This study developed a novel paradigm to individualize TMS coil placement and achieved non-invasive activation of specific deep brain targets relevant to the treatment of psychiatric disorders. By using structural diffusion imaging tractography data and TMS-fMRI interleaving, the study found that increasing TMS intensity led to a linear increase in the activation of the targeted deep brain structure.
Article
Biology
Avinash R. Vaidya, Henry M. Jones, Johanny Castillo, David Badre
Summary: The study uncovered how the human brain adapts flexibly to new conditions without feedback, confirming the existence of a neural instantiation of an abstract task representation. This representation can support massive expansions of behavioral flexibility in human cognition.
Review
Neurosciences
Suzanne N. Haber, Hesheng Liu, Jakob Seidlitz, Ed Bullmore
Summary: This review discusses the fundamental importance of prefrontal cortical connectivity to information processing and disorders of cognition, emotion, and behavior. It introduces the methods used to study monosynaptic prefrontal cortical connections in non-human primates and MRI-derived measurements of network organization in humans. The review also demonstrates how tract-tracing studies can inform the composition of prefrontal cortex nodes and hubs.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Edmund T. Rolls
Summary: The orbitofrontal cortex is crucial in representing the reward value and subjective pleasantness of food in primates, including humans. In rodents, reward systems operate differently with reward value reflected earlier in processing systems. Social and cognitive factors influence the reward value of food represented in the orbitofrontal cortex. Functional connectivity between the orbitofrontal cortex and ventromedial prefrontal cortex is correlated with liking for food and body mass index.
SOCIAL COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Edmund T. Rolls, Ruiqing Feng, Wei Cheng, Jianfeng Feng
Summary: Large-scale analyses revealed underlying functional connectivity differences between humans related to food reward and their association with being overweight. This study highlights the relationship between brain connectivity, food reward systems, and BMI.
SOCIAL COGNITIVE AND AFFECTIVE NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Edmund T. Rolls, Gustavo Deco, Chu-Chung Huang, Jianfeng Feng
Summary: Using the HCP-MMP atlas, the effective connectivity between visual cortical regions in human brain was investigated. Different visual streams were found to be involved in object recognition, scene representations, language systems, and social behavior. These streams are connected hierarchically and interact with reward systems and memory systems.
Article
Neurosciences
Edmund T. Rolls, Gustavo Deco, Chu-Chung Huang, Jianfeng Feng
Summary: This study used the multimodal parcellation atlas of the Human Connectome Project (HCP) to measure the effective connectivity, functional connectivity, and tractography between 57 cortical frontal and somatosensory regions and the 360 cortical regions. The results showed that the ventral somatosensory stream and the dorsal action somatosensory stream have different connections with other brain regions, indicating their involvement in different cognitive functions.
Review
Neurosciences
Edmund T. Rolls
Summary: Hippocampal and parahippocampal gyrus spatial view neurons in primates respond to spatial location and have relatively invariant responses in terms of retinal position and eye position. These spatial view cells are formed by self-organized combinations of feature inputs. They play a key role in episodic memory and navigation.
Article
Neuroimaging
Yajuan Zhang, Qiong Xiang, Chu-Chung Huang, Jiajia Zhao, Yuchen Liu, Ching-Po Lin, Dengtang Liu, Chun-Yi Zac Lo
Summary: The effect of antipsychotic medications on the brain functions of patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP) remains unclear. This study used resting-state functional magnetic resonance images to examine the changes in brain function after antipsychotic treatment. The results showed that drug-naive FEP patients had different patterns of functional connectivity compared to healthy volunteers, especially involving the right thalamus. After two months of treatment, patients showed reductions in ReHo and nodal clustering in visual networks, indicating improvements in psychotic symptoms. However, the functional alterations at baseline were not fully modulated by antipsychotic medications, suggesting limited effects in regions involved in disease pathophysiology.
BRAIN IMAGING AND BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Jie Zhang, Ye Yao, Jin-song Wu, Edmund T. Rolls, Ce-chen Sun, Ling-hao Bu, Jun-feng Lu, Ching-po Lin, Jian-feng Feng, Ying Mao, Liang-fu Zhou
Summary: This study used multi-modal neuroimaging analyses to localize the cortical regions and white matter tracts responsible for auditory language comprehension. The results showed that cortical areas in the posterior temporal lobe are crucial for language comprehension. The fiber integrity of the arcuate fasciculus and the inferior longitudinal fasciculus was strongly correlated with auditory comprehension and the grey matter volume of the inferior temporal and middle temporal gyri.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Chih-Chin Heather Hsu, Shin Tai Chong, Yi-Chia Kung, Kuan-Tsen Kuo, Chu-Chung Huang, Ching-Po Lin
Summary: This article presents a semi-automated pipeline tool called iDIO for preprocessing and analysis of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) data. The tool integrates features from various advanced dMRI software tools and provides a set of suggested processing steps based on the image header of the input data. Additionally, the pipeline offers post-processing options such as estimation of diffusion tensor metrics and whole-brain tractography-based connectomes reconstruction. iDIO also generates an easy-to-interpret quality control report for data assessment.
HUMAN BRAIN MAPPING
(2023)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Lei Wang, Qing Ma, Xiaoyi Sun, Zhilei Xu, Jiaying Zhang, Xuhong Liao, Xiaoqin Wang, Dongtao Wei, Yuan Chen, Bangshan Liu, Chu-Chung Huang, Yanting Zheng, Yankun Wu, Taolin Chen, Yuqi Cheng, Xiufeng Xu, Qiyong Gong, Tianmei Si, Shijun Qiu, Ching-Po Lin, Jingliang Cheng, Yanqing Tang, Fei Wang, Jiang Qiu, Peng Xie, Lingjiang Li, Yong He, Mingrui Xia, Yihe Zhang
Summary: This study conducted frequency-resolved connectome analysis on a large sample of MDD patients and healthy controls, revealing significant frequency-dependent connectome alterations in MDD. These alterations mainly occur in the left parietal, temporal, precentral, and fusiform cortices, as well as bilateral precuneus. Additionally, the connectome alteration in the high frequency band (0.16-0.24 Hz) is significantly associated with illness duration.
JOURNAL OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Shang-Hua N. Lin, Yun R. Lien, Kazuhisa Shibata, Yuka Sasaki, Takeo Watanabe, Ching-Po Lin, Li-Hung Chang
Summary: Numerous studies have shown that rTMS can modulate brain plasticity, but the mechanism underlying rTMS-induced plasticity may differ from that associated with learning. In this study, we compared the effects of high-frequency rTMS and visual training on plasticity in early visual areas using neuroimaging techniques. The results revealed significant differences in neurotransmitter concentration changes and the time course of the excitatory-to-inhibitory ratio between high-frequency rTMS and training conditions.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Psychiatry
Jiajia Zhao, Chu-Chung Huang, Yajuan Zhang, Yuchen Liu, Shih-Jen Tsai, Ching-Po Lin, Chun-Yi Zac Lo
Summary: This study reveals the widespread connectivity abnormalities in both structural and functional brain circuits in individuals with schizophrenia. The abnormal signal transfer along the white matter pathways is found to be significantly associated with psychotic symptoms and illness duration in schizophrenia. This work supports the dysconnectivity hypothesis of schizophrenia and emphasizes the critical role of white matter networks in the pathophysiology of this disorder.
TRANSLATIONAL PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Chen-Yuan Kuo, Pei-Lin Lee, Li-Ning Peng, Pei-Ning Wang, Wei-Ju Lee, Liang-Kung Chen, Kun-Hsien Chou, Chih-Ping Chung, Ching-Po Lin
Summary: The study examined the association between advanced brain biological age and accelerated age-related physical and cognitive functional decline. A brain age prediction model was constructed using gray matter features from the MRI of 1482 healthy individuals. The difference between predicted and chronological age (brain age gap) was analyzed in a community-dwelling population aged 50 years and above. Participants with the physio-cognitive decline syndrome (PCDS) had a significantly higher brain age gap compared to other groups, indicating that advanced brain aging may contribute to physical and cognitive decline in older individuals.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING
(2023)
Article
Anatomy & Morphology
Ruohan Zhang, Edmund T. Rolls, Wei Cheng, Jianfeng Feng
Summary: Sex differences in human brain structure and function play an important role in the differences observed in behavior and mental health between males and females. This study investigated functional connectivity in the cortical regions of the brain and found significant differences between males and females, which were associated with various behavioral traits.
BRAIN STRUCTURE & FUNCTION
(2023)
