High-efficient generation of VCAM-1+mesenchymal stem cells with multidimensional superiorities in signatures and efficacy on aplastic anaemia mice

Objective Longitudinal studies have indicated VCAM-1(+)mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) as promising resources in regenerative medicine, yet the abundance in gene expression is far from adequate in the advantaged and discarded hUC-MSCs. Thus, high-efficient preparation and systematic dissection of the signatures and biofunctions of the subpopulation is the prerequisite for large-scale clinical applications. Materials and methods We primarily took advantage of a cytokine-based programming strategy for large-scale VCAM-1(+)hUC-MSC generation (III-MSCs). Thereafter, we conducted multifaceted analyses including cytomorphology, immunophenotype, cell vitality, multilineage differentiation, whole-genome analysis, tube formation and Matrigel plug assay, lymphocyte activation and differentiation, and systemic transplantation for aplastic anaemia (AA) treatment. Results III-MSCs with high-proportioned VCAM-1 expression were obtained by combining IL-1 beta, IL-4 with IFN-gamma, which exhibited comparable immunophenotype with untreated hUC-MSCs (NT-MSCs) but revealed multidimensional superiorities both at the cellular and molecular levels. Simultaneously, systemic infusion of III-MSCs could significantly ameliorate clinicopathological features and finally help facilitate haematopoietic reconstruction and immunoregulation in AA mice. Conclusions We have established a high-efficient procedure for large-scale generation of III-MSCs with preferable signatures and efficacy upon aplastic anaemia in mice. Our findings suggested that III-MSCs were advantageous sources with multifaceted characteristics for regenerative medicine.