Article
Biology
Monja Hoven, Gina Brunner, Nina S. de Boer, Anna E. Goudriaan, Damiaan Denys, Ruth J. van Holst, Judy Luigjes, Mael Lebreton
Summary: The human ventromedial prefrontal cortex plays a key role in determining the value and confidence in decision-making, particularly in situations involving monetary rewards. Evidence suggests that the BOLD signal in this region is related to motivational factors, such as incentives and expected values, as well as metacognitive factors, such as confidence judgments. The value of monetary stakes has been found to bias confidence judgments, even for similar levels of difficulty and performance.
COMMUNICATIONS BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Deborah Marciano, Brooke R. Staveland, Jack J. Lin, Ignacio Saez, Ming Hsu, Robert T. Knight
Summary: Social decision making requires the integration of reward valuation and social cognition systems, both dependent on the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). This study recorded intracranial activity from the OFC of ten patients making choices in a social context and found that OFC high-frequency activity encodes self-reward, the social counterpart's reward, and the type of reward inequity being experienced. The study also revealed that the encoding in the OFC can switch rapidly and reversibly depending on the type of reward inequity.
Article
Neurosciences
Yanhe Liu, Yu Xin, Ning-long Xu
Summary: This study investigates the cortical circuit mechanism underlying flexible decision-making based on structural knowledge, showing that auditory cortex (ACx) neurons encode hidden task rule variable and require feedback input from the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), which supports the knowledge-based updating mechanism.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Sanjay Manohar, Patricia Lockwood, Daniel Drew, Sean James Fallon, Trevor T-J Chong, Deva Sanjeeva Jeyaretna, Ian Baker, Masud Husain
Summary: The study found that unilateral medial prefrontal lesions can reduce decision biases, while bilateral vmPFC lesions result in more strategic betting. These results suggest that contextual biases imposed by vmPFC may actually be suboptimal in some situations for healthy individuals.
Article
Biology
Tarryn Balsdon, Pascal Mamassian, Valentin Wyart
Summary: This study examined neural activity associated with perceptual decision-making and confidence evaluation, revealing distinct patterns even after observers had made their decision commitments. The neural resources for confidence computation were located in specific brain regions, demonstrating a dissociation between perception and confidence evaluation.
Review
Neurosciences
Camillo Padoa-Schioppa
Summary: Logistic regressions, originally developed in economics, have become important in decision neuroscience. They can be used to quantify various behavioral traits, such as relative subjective value, choice accuracy, risk attitudes, and choice biases. More complex logistic models can handle choices between multiple options and nonlinear value functions. Additionally, logistic models offer a valid alternative to receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses for quantifying the explanatory power of neuronal activity on choices.
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Rosa A. Rossi-Goldthorpe, Yuan Chang Leong, Pantelis Leptourgos, Philip R. Corlett
Summary: Spurious beliefs related to self-deception, paranoia, and overconfidence may flourish under uncertainty and are associated with a perceived instability of one's own performance. These beliefs have their roots in low self-esteem and may lead to costly decisions, such as financial crashes and devastating wars. Participants' reliance on advice from collaborators versus competitors in decision-making tasks was influenced by social processes rather than paranoia.
PLOS COMPUTATIONAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Behavioral Sciences
Benedetto De Martino, Aurelio Cortese
Summary: Colombian drug lord Pablo Escobar, while on the run, reportedly burned two million dollars to keep his daughter warm, highlighting the need to reassess and modify our values when circumstances and goals change.
TRENDS IN COGNITIVE SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Kentaro Miyamoto, Nadescha Trudel, Kevin Kamermans, Michele C. Lim, Alberto Lazari, Lennart Verhagen, Marco K. Wittmann, Matthew F. S. Rushworth
Summary: More than one type of probability must be considered when making decisions. There are internal and external probabilities that impact neural activity and decision-making processes, with the anterior lateral prefrontal cortex playing a key role in metacognitive judgments based on internal probability. disruptions in this area can alter metacognitive judgments and decision-making processes.
Article
Psychology, Multidisciplinary
Vasudeva Murthy Challakere Ramaswamy, Tony Butler, Bianca Ton, Kay Wilhelm, Philip B. Mitchell, Lee Knight, David Greenberg, Andrew Ellis, Val Gebski, Peter William Schofield
Summary: This study examined the relationship between olfactory deficits and traumatic brain injury in impulsive violent offenders. The results showed that olfactory identification ability was associated with age, cognitive ability, impulsivity, TBI severity, social connectedness, childhood sexual abuse, suicidality, and heroin use. These findings suggest that olfactory testing may have utility in further studies of offenders.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Sandra Thijssen, Paul F. Collins, Hannah Weiss, Monica Luciana
Summary: Higher externalizing behavior is associated with increased resting-state attunement between the amygdala and ACC/OFC across adolescence and young adulthood. The association with amygdala-ACC connectivity is primarily driven by externalizing behavior at baseline, while the main effect on amygdala-OFC functional connectivity is driven by changes in externalizing behavior relative to baseline. No evidence was found for differential developmental trajectories of frontoamygdalar connectivity for different levels of externalizing behavior.
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Karly M. Turner, Anna Svegborn, Mia Langguth, Colin McKenzie, Trevor W. Robbins
Summary: This study reveals a functional opposition between the dorsomedial and dorsolateral striatum during skill and habit formation. Loss of function in the dorsomedial striatum accelerates sequence acquisition, while loss of function in the dorsolateral striatum impedes it. The mPFC is not involved, but the lateral orbitofrontal cortex plays a critical role.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Seng Bum Michael Yoo, Jiaxin Cindy Tu, Benjamin Yost Hayden
Summary: Successful pursuit and evasion rely on the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex for coordinating navigation and motor control by continuously updating a multicentric representation of the task state.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Giulia Braccagni, Simona Scheggi, Marco Bortolato
Summary: This study conducted a postmortem analysis of the orbitofrontal cortex in male subjects with antisocial behavior and found a significant increase in 5-HT2A receptor levels in ASB patients and a significant reduction in TPH2 levels in substance use disorder patients.
EUROPEAN ARCHIVES OF PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Hiroshi Kuniishi, Yuko Nakatake, Masayuki Sekiguchi, Mitsuhiko Yamada
Summary: Early-life social isolation is associated with social and emotional problems in adulthood. The present study investigates the neural mechanisms underlying how social deprivation impairs social and emotional development through the disruption of information processing in the OFC-BLA pathway. The results suggest that distinct postsynaptic changes in the mOFC-BLA and lOFC-BLA synapses contribute separately to abnormalities in social and emotional development.
NEUROPSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Yuma Osako, Tomoya Ohnuki, Yuta Tanisumi, Kazuki Shiotani, Hiroyuki Manabe, Yoshio Sakurai, Junya Hirokawa
Summary: The study reveals the significant role of non-sensory neurons in V1 and PPC in reflecting animals' internal states and driving behavioral responses to visual stimuli.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
K. Schmack, M. Bosc, T. Ott, J. F. Sturgill, A. Kepecs
Summary: Hallucination-like perception in mice was found to be correlated with elevated dopamine levels and could be induced by optogenetic stimulation, providing insights into the neural circuit mechanisms underlying hallucinations. These findings suggest potential for developing circuit-based treatments for psychotic disorders.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Yuta Tanisumi, Kazuki Shiotani, Junya Hirokawa, Yoshio Sakurai, Hiroyuki Manabe
Summary: The study found that NLOT neurons exhibit different responses during decision-making behaviors, encoding odor information bidirectionally and providing accurate odor decoding before executing behaviors.
Article
Neurosciences
Morgane M. Moss, Peter Zatka-Haas, Kenneth D. Harris, Matteo Carandini, Armin Lak
Summary: Research suggests that dopamine in the striatum plays a critical role in visual decision-making, encoding visual stimuli and rewarded actions in a lateralized fashion. Contrary to previous beliefs, dopamine signals in the DMS respond to contralateral stimuli and rewarded actions, facilitating associations between specific visual stimuli and actions.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Review
Computer Science, Cybernetics
Paul Masset, Shanshan Qin, Jacob A. Zavatone-Veth
Summary: The brain's neural coding continuously changes over time, but this drift can benefit robust perception, memory, and action. It is not just noise that the brain must compensate for, but can be a beneficial computational mechanism in hierarchical networks.
BIOLOGICAL CYBERNETICS
(2022)
Editorial Material
Psychiatry
Katharina Schmack, Torben Ott, Adam Kepecs
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Torben Ott, Paul Masset, Thiago S. Gouvea, Adam Kepecs
Summary: Rational decision makers aim to maximize gains, but biases and distortions often affect humans and animals in their decision-making. A recent study found that humans, mice, and rats fall victim to the sunk cost fallacy in economic decisions. By using a computational model, researchers were able to illustrate how a rational decision maker's behavior can be replicated and proposed a new task design to differentiate sunk costs from decision valuation fluctuations.
Article
Neurosciences
Shogo Takamiya, Kazuki Shiotani, Tomoya Ohnuki, Yuma Osako, Yuta Tanisumi, Shoko Yuki, Hiroyuki Manabe, Junya Hirokawa, Yoshio Sakurai
Summary: The activity of primary auditory cortex neurons is selectively modulated by sensory inputs and rewards during the learning process of associative memory tasks. This selective activity enhances the formation and consolidation of associations.
Article
Cell Biology
Karolina Farrell, Armin Lak, Aman B. Saleem
Summary: Midbrain dopamine neurons encode reward prediction error signals to improve goal-directed navigation.
Article
Neurosciences
Amelia J. Christensen, Torben Ott, Adam Kepecs
Summary: The frontal cortex, responsible for advanced cognitive abilities, shows diverse neural activity. Two approaches, one focusing on dynamic trajectories and the other on cell-type diversity, have been successful in addressing this challenge. This study proposes a combination of population and cell-type-specific approaches, suggesting cell-type constraints inherited through evolution create the foundation for frontal population dynamics.
CURRENT OPINION IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Yarden Cohen, Tatiana A. Engel, Christopher Langdon, Grace W. Lindsay, Torben Ott, Megan A. K. Peters, James M. Shine, Vincent Breton-Provencher, Srikanth Ramaswamy
Summary: This review article presents recent advancements in the study of biological and artificial neural networks, discussing the critical mechanisms that contribute to the improvement of artificial neural network architecture and training algorithms. It also explores how artificial neural networks have been used to understand neuronal correlates of cognition and process large-scale behavioral data.
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Meeting Abstract
Neurosciences
Katharina Schmack, Marion Bosc, James Sturgill, Torben Ott, Adam Kepecs
BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
