Review
Neurosciences
Nan Yin, Enshi Yan, Wenbin Duan, Changyuan Mao, Qin Fei, Chun Yang, Yimin Hu, Xiaolin Xu
Summary: Chronic pain and depression often coexist, but the underlying mechanisms are still uncertain. Biotechnology has shed light on the role of microglia in neurodegenerative diseases, depression, and chronic pain. Understanding the role of microglia in these conditions may lead to the discovery of new therapeutic targets.
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
George Sideris-Lampretsas, Marzia Malcangio
Summary: This review summarizes the existing preclinical evidence on how the CNS compartment and sex impact microglia functions in health, emphasizing recent advances in transcriptomics analyses for characterizing disease-associated microglial states. The specific scenario of peripheral nerve or tissue injury inducing expression of a specific subset of genes in microglia in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord is discussed, along with the possibility of a unique microglia transcriptional profile associated with chronic pain conditions. The evidence also suggests microglial activation in pain-related areas of the brain can be observed in models of neuropathic pain, highlighting the potential for future studies to further explore neuroimmune interactions in chronic pain using novel approaches like scRNA-seq and CYTOF.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2021)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Louise F. Kimura, Leonardo S. Novaes, Gisele Picolo, Carolina D. Munhoz, Chi W. Cheung, Rosana Camarini
Summary: This review discusses the role of inflammation as a major biological substrate and etiological factor of chronic pain and depression/anxiety, as well as the potential beneficial actions of environmental enrichment in chronic pain and comorbid depression/anxiety through its effects on microglia. Additionally, alternative interventions like environmental enrichment may improve treatment compliance and patient outcomes according to clinical guidelines.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Qianqian Liu, Rui Li, Wei Yang, Ranji Cui, Bingjin Li
Summary: This study summarized the role of neuroglia in neuropathic pain and depression, revealing a bridging role of neuroglia in both conditions.
PHARMACOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Run Zhang, Biao Xu, Nan Zhang, Jiandong Niu, Mengna Zhang, Qinqin Zhang, Dan Chen, Yonghang Shi, Danni Chen, Kedi Liu, Xiaodi Zhang, Ning Li, Quan Fang
Summary: This study investigates the non-neuronal mechanisms involved in burn injury-induced pain (BIP) at the spinal cord level using a mouse model. The researchers found that both microglia and astrocytes are activated in response to burn injury, and the cytokines TNF and CXCL1 play important roles in pain hypersensitivity. The study suggests that targeting glial pathways could be a promising strategy for managing BIP.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Jaesung Lee, Giljae Lee, Gwangpyo Ko, Sung Joong Lee
Summary: This study highlights the impact of the gut microbiota on glial cell growth and maturation through the gut-brain axis. Depletion of the gut microbiota using antibiotics prevented nerve injury-induced pain in mice, and recolonization of the gut microbiota resulted in the relapse of pain. The diversity and composition of the gut microbiome were altered by nerve injury, and probiotic treatment before nerve injury alleviated pain sensitization.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Runan Yang, Liran Shi, Han Si, Zihui Hu, Lifang Zou, Lin Li, Xiumei Xu, Gunther Schmalzing, Hong Nie, Guilin Li, Shuangmei Liu, Shangdong Liang, Changshui Xu
Summary: This study investigates the role and mechanism of gallic acid in the treatment of comorbid pain and depression. The results show that gallic acid alleviates pain and depression-like behaviors, inhibits ferroptosis of spinal microglia, and reduces oxidative stress.
ACS CHEMICAL NEUROSCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Charlie H. T. Kwok, Yuta Kohro, Michael Mousseau, Melissa S. O'Brien, John R. Matyas, Jason J. McDougall, Tuan Trang
Summary: Painful injury increases afferent input, enhancing the activity of central nociceptive circuits through neuron-neuron and neuron-glia interactions. Microglia play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of chronic pain, and peripheral joint injury signals the CNS to engage spinal microglial responses.Joint nociceptors are activated by early peripheral joint injury, triggering a central spinal microglial response and potentially modulating communication between sensory neurons and spinal microglia through ATP signaling during joint degeneration.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Matthias Endres, Maria A. Moro, Christian H. Nolte, Claudia Dames, Marion S. Buckwalter, Andreas Meisel
Summary: Inflammation and immune mechanisms play crucial roles in the development, complications, and outcomes of ischemic stroke. Anti-inflammatory drugs show promise in preventing stroke, and the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the association between infections and cerebrovascular events. Different immune cells and molecules contribute to cerebral damage and chronic inflammation after stroke. Chronic systemic inflammation and comorbid infections can affect recovery after stroke and increase the risk of recurrence. Immune mechanisms may also play a role in specific complications of stroke.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Chenchen Li, Bo Liu, Jingyi Xu, Bin Jing, Lijie Guo, Liyong Wang, Milin Wang, Haochen Zhang, Qianqian He, Xin Yu, Yan Zhang, Zhi-Qing David Xu, Yutao Yang
Summary: The study found that PHL can effectively prevent depressive symptoms induced by chronic mild stress, improve the structural and functional abnormalities in the cortex, and display neuroprotective effects by inhibiting the NF-KB-C3 axis and microglia-mediated synaptic engulfment.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Manon Defaye, Nasser S. Abdullah, Mircea Iftinca, Ahmed Hassan, Francina Agosti, Zizhen Zhang, Melissa Cumenal, Gerald W. Zamponi, Christophe Altier
Summary: The research explores the mechanisms of chronic abdominal pain in IBD patients, focusing on the role of neuronal activity in microglial activation and visceral hypersensitivity. It suggests that targeting microglial P2Y12 signaling could potentially alleviate pain in patients in remission.
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Rheumatology
Guy Katz, Alexis Ogdie, Joshua F. Baker, Michael D. George
Summary: Depression, anxiety, chronic pain, and opioid use are common comorbidities in inflammatory arthritis. These comorbidities are associated with earlier discontinuation of TNF-inhibitor treatment and have a significant impact on treatment efficacy and cost.
CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hans-Georg Schaible, Christian Koenig, Andrea Ebersberger
Summary: Diseases of joints lead to chronic pain due to the persistent hyperexcitability of the peripheral and central nociceptive system. This article focuses on the mechanisms of spinal sensitization caused by arthritis, involving glutamate receptors, neuropeptides, prostaglandins, and proinflammatory cytokines. Activation of spinal glia cells is coincident with mechanical hyperalgesia, which can be attenuated by intrathecal interventions. The interaction between neurons and glia cells, as well as the suppression of spinal sensitization and inflammatory process, contribute to the phenotype of arthritis pain.
JOURNAL OF NEUROCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Xiaoheng Li, Zhixin Peng, Lingling Jiang, Ping Zhang, Pin Yang, Zengqiang Yuan, Jinbo Cheng
Summary: Chronic stress exposure can lead to dysregulation of the immune system and activation of microglia, resulting in depression-like symptoms. The study found that Dlg1 knockout in microglia can alleviate depression-like behavior induced by chronic stress, by reversing microglial activation and morphological changes. This finding provides a potential target for the treatment of clinical depression.
FRONTIERS IN PHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Kanza M. Khan, Gabrielle Bierlein-De La Rosa, Natalie Biggerstaff, Govindhasamy Pushpavathi Selvakumar, Ruixiang Wang, Suzanne Mason, Michael E. Dailey, Catherine A. Marcinkiewcz
Summary: Adolescent alcohol use can permanently alter brain function and lead to poor health outcomes in adulthood. Emerging evidence suggests that alcohol use can predispose individuals to pain disorders or exacerbate existing pain conditions, but the underlying neural mechanisms are currently unknown.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Aito Ueno, Humberto B. Jijon, Richard Peng, Steven Sparksman, Barbara Mainoli, Alexis Filyk, Yan Li, Stephanie Wilson, Kerri Novak, Remo Panaccione, Simon Hirota, Antoine Dufour, Cathy Lu, Paul L. Beck
Summary: This study provides evidence supporting a potential role of fibrocytes in collagen deposition in Crohn's disease strictures and suggests that fibrocyte numbers may predict the need for therapy escalation.
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kristoff M. Nieves, Simon A. Hirota, Kyle L. Flannigan
Summary: Microbial metabolites regulate physiological and immunological processes in the intestinal environment through the activation of AhR and PXR.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Fernando A. Vicentini, Jake C. Szamosi, Laura Rossi, Lateece Griffin, Kristoff Nieves, Dominique Bihan, Ian A. Lewis, Quentin J. Pittman, Mark G. Swain, Michael G. Surette, Simon A. Hirota, Keith A. Sharkey
Summary: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are associated with cognitive and emotional comorbidities. This study found that alterations in the gut microbiota, which are influenced by intestinal inflammation, may contribute to the development of behavioral abnormalities in colitis.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2022)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Bradley G. Goodyear, Faranak Heidari, Richard J. M. Ingram, Filomeno Cortese, Nastaran Sharifi, Gilaad G. Kaplan, Christopher Ma, Remo Panaccione, Keith A. Sharkey, Mark G. Swain
Summary: Magnetic resonance imaging revealed structural and functional changes within the brains of inflammatory bowel disease patients, in regions known to be involved in processing brain signals associated with behavioral symptoms, anxiety, pain, stress, and cognitive deficits.
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
(2023)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Stuart M. Brierley, Beverley Greenwood-Van Meerveld, Giovanni Sarnelli, Keith A. Sharkey, Martin Storr, Jan Tack
Summary: This review provides an overview of the potential of the gastrointestinal endocannabinoid system as a therapeutic target for the management of pain in irritable bowel syndrome. It discusses the role of endocannabinoid system in regulating gastrointestinal function and pain processing, compares cannabinoids to other treatment modalities, and explores emerging therapeutic candidates targeting the endocannabinoid system for pain relief in irritable bowel syndrome.
NATURE REVIEWS GASTROENTEROLOGY & HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Kyle L. Flannigan, Kristoff M. Nieves, Holly E. Szczepanski, Alex Serra, Joshua W. Lee, Laurie A. Alston, Hena Ramay, Sridhar Mani, Simon A. Hirota
Summary: The pregnane X receptor (PXR) plays an important role in regulating intestinal inflammation and fibrosis. Microbiota-derived indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) influences PXR signaling. Deletion of PXR exacerbates fibrosis, suggesting that microbiota metabolites may be a vital determinant in the progression of fibrotic complications in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs).
CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR GASTROENTEROLOGY AND HEPATOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Crystal Woods, Amanda R. Flockton, Laurie E. Wallace, Catherine M. Keenan, Wendy B. Macklin, Keith A. Sharkey, Jaime Belkind-Gerson
Summary: Proteolipid protein 1 (Plp1) is highly expressed in enteric glia and plays a regulatory role in gut motility and barrier function, possibly through the Erk1/2 pathway. The absence of myelin in the enteric nervous system suggests another role for Plp1 in the gut.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-GASTROINTESTINAL AND LIVER PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Physiology
Keith A. Sharkey, Gary M. Mawe
Summary: The gastrointestinal tract is the most complex organ system in the body, controlling digestion and defense functions through the enteric nervous system. This system interacts with the immune system, gut microbiota, and epithelium to maintain mucosal defense and barrier function. Recent developments have improved our understanding of the molecular architecture, function, and regulation of the enteric nervous system, highlighting its importance in maintaining intestinal homeostasis.
PHYSIOLOGICAL REVIEWS
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Jean-Baptiste Cavin, Preedajit Wongkrasant, Joel B. Glover, Onesmo B. Balemba, Wallace K. MacNaughton, Keith A. Sharkey
Summary: The enteric nervous system regulates the functions of the gastrointestinal tract, and its response to changes in the gut lumen is not well understood. This study used live-cell confocal recordings to investigate neuronal response to luminal mechanical and chemical stimuli. The results show that intestinal distension regulates the excitability of enteric neural circuits via mechanosensitive channels, and the content of the intestinal lumen dynamically regulates the excitability of enteric neural circuits.
JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LONDON
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Debora Romualdo Lacerda, Albena Nunes-Silva, Ana Leticia Malheiros Silveira, Katia Anunciacao Costa, Debora Fernandes Rodrigues, Michele Macedo Moraes, Vanessa Pinho, Gustavo Batista Menezes, Mauro Martins Teixeira, Samuel Penna Wanner, Danusa Dias Soares, Adaliene Versiani Matos Ferreira
Summary: This study investigated the effect of acute exercise on the inflammatory response in adipose tissue of lean and obese mice. Acute exercise enhanced the levels of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-a in the adipose tissue of lean mice, while no changes were observed in proinflammatory cytokines in obese mice. However, the levels of IL-13, IL-4, and IL-10 were increased in obese mice after exercise. These findings suggest that acute exercise promotes an inflammatory response in adipose tissue of lean mice, but elicits an anti-inflammatory response in adipose tissue of obese mice.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Abdel Aziz Shaheen, Gilaad G. Kaplan, Keith A. Sharkey, B. Cord Lethebe, Mark G. Swain
Summary: This study evaluated the impact of major depressive disorder (MDD) and antidepressant use on survival among patients with chronic viral hepatitis. The results showed that MDD was more prevalent in HCV patients and they were more likely to use antidepressants compared to HBV patients. However, MDD did not affect disease progression or survival in both HBV and HCV cohorts. The use of certain antidepressants was associated with poor decompensated cirrhosis-free survival. Further study should be conducted on the use of antidepressants in viral hepatitis patients.
HEPATOLOGY COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Christopher D. Drummond-Main, Younghee Ahn, Mitchell Kesler, Cezar Gavrilovici, Do Young Kim, Ivana Kiroski, Samantha L. Baglot, Amy Chen, Keith A. Sharkey, Matthew N. Hill, G. Campbell Teskey, Jong M. Rho
Summary: This study found that CBD affects mitochondrial function and neuronal integrity, reducing mitochondrial respiration and calcium uptake, and leading to learning and memory deficits. These effects are independent of CB1 receptor and mitochondrial G-protein-coupled receptor 55.
CANNABIS AND CANNABINOID RESEARCH
(2023)
Proceedings Paper
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Fernando A. Vicentini, Tanner Fahlman, Stephanie G. Raptis, Laurie E. Wallace, Simon A. Hirota, Keith A. Sharkey
Summary: Propulsive gastrointestinal motility is crucial for digestion and defense. It is regulated by the intramural reflex pathways of the enteric nervous system (ENS), which is influenced by luminal factors, including the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota not only regulates ENS motor programs, but also plays a critical role in the structure and function of the ENS.
ENTERIC NERVOUS SYSTEM II
(2022)
Letter
Immunology
Wan-Ju Cheng, Hong-Mo Shih, Kuan-Pin Su, Po-Ren Hsueh
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Felipe Kenji Sudo, Talita P. Pinto, Fernanda G. Q. Barros-Aragao, Ivanei Bramati, Theo F. Marins, Marina Monteiro, Fernanda Meireles, Rejane Soares, Pilar Erthal, Victor Calil, Naima Assuncao, Natalia Oliveira, Joana Bondarovsky, Camila Lima, Beatriz Chagas, Alana Batista, Julia Lins, Thais L. Pinheiro, Felippe Mendonca, Andrea Silveira de Souza, Fernanda C. Rodrigues, Gabriel R. de Freitas, Pedro Kurtz, Paulo Mattos, Erika C. Rodrigues, Fernanda G. De Felice, Fernanda Tovar-Moll
Summary: Post-COVID-19 Condition (PCC) is a multisystemic syndrome that persists for months after SARS-CoV-2 infection, affecting cognitive function and neuropsychiatric features. A study on COVID-19 survivors in Brazil found that these patients experienced significant difficulties in overall cognition, memory, working memory, and inhibitory control, as well as fatigue, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. In addition, elevated levels of inflammatory markers in the blood were associated with brain microstructural damage and cognitive impairments.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Letter
Immunology
Tieh-Cheng Fu, Juei-Chao Chen, Ching-Mao Chang
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Aastha Dheer, Dale B. Bosco, Jiaying Zheng, Lingxiao Wang, Shunyi Zhao, Koichiro Haruwaka, Min-Hee Yi, Abhijeet Barath, Dai-Shi Tian, Long-Jun Wu
Summary: Microglial activation plays a crucial role in the pathology of epilepsy, with both acute and prolonged activation affecting seizure severity and neuronal loss.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Julie B. Rosenberg, Jens Richardt Mollegaard Jepsen, Parisa Mohammadzadeh, Astrid Sevelsted, Rebecca Vinding, Mikkel E. Sorensen, David Horner, Kristina Aagaard, Birgitte Fagerlund, Susanne Brix, Nilofar Folsgaard, Ann -Marie M. Schoos, Jakob Stokholm, Bo Chawes, Christos Pantelis, Soren Dalsgaard, Birte Y. Glenthoj, Niels Bilenberg, Klaus Bonnelykke, Bjorn H. Ebdrup
Summary: Clinical data demonstrates a strong association between prenatal maternal inflammation assessed by hs-CRP and a diagnosis of ADHD by age 10. Maternal inflammation is also associated with ADHD symptom load in the entire cohort.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Suzanne M. Green-Fulgham, Michael J. Lacagnina, Kendal F. Willcox, Jiahe Li, Michael E. Harland, Adriano Polican Ciena, Igor R. Correia Rocha, Jayson B. Ball, Renee A. Dreher, Younus A. Zuberi, Joseph M. Dragavon, Marucia Chacur, Steven F. Maier, Linda R. Watkins, Peter M. Grace
Summary: Regular aerobic activity, specifically voluntary wheel running, can reduce the risk of chronic pain by inhibiting MAC and preserving myelin integrity at the site of peripheral nerve injury.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
India Boyton, Stella M. Valenzuela, Lyndsey E. Collins-Praino, Andrew Care
Summary: Neuronanomedicine is a multidisciplinary field that aims to develop innovative nanotechnologies for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. Nanoparticles are an important component of neuronanomedicine, as they can improve drug properties and enhance safety and delivery across the blood-brain barrier. However, a major challenge for neuronanomedicine translation is the poor understanding of bio-nano interactions, partly due to inconsistent reporting in published works. This review provides specific recommendations to guide researchers in harnessing the unique properties of nanoparticles for breakthrough treatments of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Celine De Looze, Cathal McCrory, Aisling O'Halloran, Silvia Polidoro, Rose Anne Kenny, Joanne Feeney
Summary: Our study found that subjective measures of stress and biological metrics may be independently associated with cognitive function over time in older adults, hinting at potential different underlying mechanisms.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Beatrice Bravi, Elisa Maria Teresa Melloni, Marco Paolini, Mariagrazia Palladini, Federico Calesella, Laura Servidio, Elena Agnoletto, Sara Poletti, Cristina Lorenzi, Cristina Colombo, Francesco Benedetti
Summary: Depressed patients show changes in immune-inflammatory markers in their blood and cerebrospinal fluid. The Choroid Plexus, located at the base of the brain ventricles, plays a key role in regulating the exchange of substances between the brain and immune cells. Patients with bipolar disorder or major depressive disorder have larger Choroid Plexus volumes compared to healthy controls. Age and levels of circulating cytokines are associated with Choroid Plexus volumes in the clinical groups.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Mingxuan Zheng, Huaiyu Ye, Xiaoying Yang, Lijun Shen, Xuemei Dang, Xiaoli Liu, Yuying Gong, Qingyuan Wu, Li Wang, Xing Ge, Xiaoli Fang, Benchi Hou, Peng Zhang, Renxian Tang, Kuiyang Zheng, Xu-Feng Huang, Yinghua Yu
Summary: Obesity is linked to cognitive dysfunction and neurodegenerative disease. The connection between the gut microbiota and the brain is altered in obesity. The probiotic Clostridium butyricum can improve cognitive impairment caused by obesity and prevent gut microbiota dysbiosis and inflammation.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Edward Drydale, Phalguni Rath, Katie Holden, Gregory Holt, Laurissa Havins, Thomas Johnson, James Bancroft, Lahiru Handunnetthi
Summary: This study created a novel three-dimensional neurosphere assay using induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation and live cell imaging techniques to investigate the effect of a simulated viral infection on cortical development. The findings demonstrated that the infection led to reduced radial glial growth and neural migration.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Yuancheng Weng, Ningting Chen, Rui Zhang, Jian He, Xukai Ding, Guo Cheng, Qianqian Bi, Ying-mei Lu, Xiao Z. Shen, Shu Wan, Peng Shi
Summary: This study reveals that microglia is the primary cellular source of PDGFB in adults, and microglial PDGFB is crucial for maintaining BBB integrity in adult mice.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Evan A. Bordt, Haley A. Moya, Young Chan Jo, Caitlin T. Ravichandran, Izabella M. Bankowski, Alexis M. Ceasrine, Christopher J. Mcdougle, William A. Carlezon Jr, Staci D. Bilbo
Summary: There is a strong male bias in many neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder, but the mechanisms behind this bias are unknown. Infection during the perinatal period increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Using a mouse model, researchers found that early-life immune activation only induced deficits in social behaviors in male mice. These behavioral changes were associated with alterations in microglial immune signaling, mitochondrial morphology, gene expression, and function specifically in microglia, the brain's innate immune cells. Furthermore, the vulnerability to early-life immune activation and its effects on behavior and microglial mitochondria were programmed by the male-typical perinatal gonadal hormone surge. These findings highlight the role of microglia-specific mechanisms shaped by early developmental events in regulating male social behavior throughout lifespan.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Maria Amalia Di Castro, Stefano Garofalo, Alessandro Mormino, Laura Carbonari, Erika Di Pietro, Eleonora De Felice, Myriam Catalano, Laura Maggi, Cristina Limatola
Summary: Cytokines, such as interleukin-15 (IL-15), play important roles in modulating the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, the authors found that exposure to IL-15 enhances GABA release and reduces glutamatergic currents in hippocampal slices. Chronic treatment with IL-15 has negative effects on memory formation. Serotonin is involved in mediating these effects, as a selective 5-HT3A receptor antagonist prevents the effects on inhibitory neurotransmission and improves performance in a memory test.
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)
Article
Immunology
Nikhitha Sreenivas, Michael Maes, Hansashree Padmanabha, Apoorva Dharmendra, Priyanka Chakkera, Saptamita Paul Choudhury, Fazal Abdul, Thrinath Mullapudi, Vykuntaraju K. Gowda, Michael Berk, John Vijay Sagar Kommu, Monojit Debnath
Summary: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) are a spectrum of conditions with both common and differing characteristics in terms of phenome, symptomatome, neuropathology, risk factors and underlying mechanisms. This study investigates the possibility of a shared immune etiology among three early-onset NDDs, namely Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Intellectual Disability Disorder (IDD).
BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY
(2024)