Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Alice Bertocchi, Fiona Powrie
Summary: Abnormalities in gut bacteria can lead to hard-to-treat illnesses like inflammatory bowel diseases. Targeting bacteria with viruses shows promise in addressing these conditions.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Hsin-Chih Lai, Tzu-Lung Lin, Ting-Wen Chen, Yu-Lun Kuo, Chih-Jung Chang, Tsung-Ru Wu, Ching-Chung Shu, Ying-Huang Tsai, Simon Swift, Chia-Chen Lu
Summary: The study found that gut microbiota composition significantly affects cigarette smoking-induced COPD development, and fecal microbiota transplantation can restore COPD pathogenesis. A beneficial bacterium Parabacteroides goldsteinii was isolated and shown to ameliorate COPD, with its derived active component having anti-inflammatory effects and ameliorating COPD through inhibition of lung inflammation and regulation of host metabolism.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Cassio Luiz Coutinho Almeida-da-Silva, Nallusamy Sivakumar, Homer Asadi, Anna Chang-Chien, M. Walid Qoronfleh, David M. Ojcius, Musthafa Mohamed Essa
Summary: Frankincense oil, derived from Boswellia trees, has been used for the treatment of chronic disease, inflammation, and microbial infection. Recent research has focused on the bioactive components of Boswellia trees and their effects on cancer, microbial infection, and inflammation. There is growing interest in further developing the therapeutic use of natural products like frankincense oil.
Article
Fisheries
G. G. Santos, M. C. M. Libanori, S. A. Pereira, J. V. S. Ferrarezi, M. B. Ferreira, T. A. Soligo, E. Yamashita, M. L. Martins, J. L. P. Mourino
Summary: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a probiotic mix composed of Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis, and benzoic acid on the zootechnical performance and hematoimmunological parameters of juvenile Nile tilapias. It was found that feed supplemented with 0.1% benzoic acid showed better results for weight gain, final biomass, specific growth rate, and survival after experimental challenge. Combined supplementation of the probiotic mix of Bacillus spp. and 0.1% benzoic acid promoted a synergistic effect on the concentration of total leukocytes.
Article
Biology
Risa Ebina-Shibuya, Erin E. West, Rosanne Spolski, Peng Li, Jangsuk Oh, Majid Kazemian, Daniel Gromer, Phillip Swanson, Ning Du, Dorian B. McGavern, Warren J. Leonard
Summary: TSLP plays a crucial role in the development of diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, and allergic inflammation, but its role in CD8(+) T-cell primary responses and memory CD8(+) T cell responses to secondary viral infection is still controversial. Research has shown that TSLP limits the primary CD8(+) T-cell response to influenza, but has little effect on T cell function and the number of memory CD8(+) T cells generated after influenza infection, while inhibiting memory CD8(+) T-cell responses to secondary viral infections.
Article
Ophthalmology
Aniruddha Kishandutt Agarwal, Sridharan Sudharshan, Padmamalini Mahendradas, Kalpana Babu, Pratik Shenoy, Mohit Dogra, Reema Bansal, Manisha Agarwal, Jyotirmay Biswas, S. Balamurugan, Rupesh Agrawal, Vishali Gupta
Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, uveitis specialists may reduce ongoing systemic IMT or opt for less aggressive treatment strategies for NIU, which may put these patients at a higher risk of uveitis relapse.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cassandra Willyard
Summary: Researchers have differing opinions on the severity of reinfection and whether COVID-19 can lead to lasting changes in the immune system.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sergei L. Kosakovsky Pond, Darren Martin
Summary: Molnupiravir, an antiviral drug for COVID-19, can cause multiple mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 genome, potentially accelerating the evolution and transmission of viral variants.
Article
Ophthalmology
Imran Mohammed, Debasmita Mohanty, Dalia G. Said, Manas Ranjan Barik, Mamatha M. Reddy, Ahmed Alsaadi, Sujata Das, Harminder Singh Dua, Ruchi Mittal
Summary: AMP expression is a consistent feature of FK, with HBD-1 and -2 being most consistently expressed while LL-37 is the least, indicating a certain specificity of AMP expression related to FK. These results will aid in identifying HBD sequence templates for designing FK-specific peptides for potential therapeutic use.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Tiago Fazolo, Karina Lima, Julia C. Fontoura, Priscila Oliveira de Souza, Gabriel Hilario, Renata Zorzetto, Luiz Rodrigues Junior, Veridiane Maria Pscheidt, Jayme de Castilhos Ferreira Neto, Alisson F. Haubert, Izza Gambin, Aline C. Oliveira, Raissa S. Mello, Matheus de Bastos Balbe E Gutierres, Rodrigo Benedetti Gassen, Lais Durco Coimbra, Alexandre Borin, Rafael Elias Marques, Ivaine Tais Sauthier Sartor, Gabriela Oliveira Zavaglia, Ingrid Rodrigues Fernandes, Helder Nakaya, Fernanda Hammes Varela, Marcia Polese-Bonatto, Thiago J. Borges, Sidia Maria Callegari-Jacques, Marcela Santos Correa da Costa, Jaqueline de Araujo Schwartz, Marcelo Comerlato Scotta, Renato T. Stein, Cristina Bonorino
Summary: The study reveals that children with COVID-19 exhibit stronger cellular immunity but higher viral load compared to adults, suggesting a differential response mechanism between children and adults in the disease manifestation.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Smriti Mallapaty
Summary: Innate immunity may be the reason why children have better outcomes with the virus, but the Delta variant introduces new uncertainties.
Review
Immunology
Ying-yi Luan, Cheng-hong Yin, Yong-ming Yao
Summary: High levels of CRP in severe COVID-19 and other viral infections can indicate disease progression and guide clinical diagnosis and antibiotic therapy. Understanding the role of CRP in these diseases may lead to more effective prevention and treatment strategies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Ophthalmology
Amrita Mohanty, Himansu Sekhar Behera, Manas Ranjan Barik, Amanjot Kaur, Savitri Sharma, Sujata Das, Merle Fernandes, Sailendra Panda, Srikant K. Sahu
Summary: This study describes the clinical features, diagnosis, and management of immune stromal keratitis/interstitial keratitis (IK) associated with microsporidial epithelial keratitis. The findings show that this condition has characteristic clinical presentations and responds well to topical steroid treatment.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Virology
Parisa S. Aghbash, Narges Eslami, Milad Shirvaliloo, Hossein B. Baghi
Summary: Coinfection can lead to the generation of recombinant viruses, causing interference and competition between viruses. Developing a comprehensive diagnostic panel for virus detection and utilizing changes in blood markers can help identify mixed infections.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Review
Ophthalmology
Priya Samalia, Luke Jeffrey Hawley, Rachael L. Niederer, Joanne Sims
Summary: The study found that non-infectious causes were more common in individuals aged 60 and older with de novo uveitis, while intraocular lymphoma, though uncommon in the overall cohort, was an important cause of intermediate uveitis.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
(2022)
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Hana Popelka, Daniel J. J. Klionsky
Summary: A recent study used cryo-electron tomography combined with computational analysis to gain insights into autophagosome biogenesis in yeast cells. This approach provided new information on autophagic structures, their contacts with organelles, membrane sources, and transition mechanisms. These findings open new avenues for autophagy research and highlight the potential of cryo-ET in cell biology.
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Hagai Abeliovich, Jayanta Debnath, Wen-Xing Ding, William T. Jackson, Do-Hyung Kim, Daniel J. Klionsky, Nicholas Ktistakis, Marta Margeta, Christian Muenz, Morten Petersen, Junichi Sadoshima, Isabelle Vergne
Summary: In this editors' corner, section editors were invited to share their vision of the future direction of the autophagy field and identify key unanswered questions in their respective areas of expertise.
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Faris Jafri, Megan Moore, Shree Padma Metur, Daniel J. Klionsky
Summary: Autophagy is a cellular process that breaks down cellular components and is important in events where cell composition changes. It is involved in T cell regulation, particularly in the activation of helper T cells. Autophagy facilitates the breakdown of cellular components during the activation of CD4(+) T cells, and further research is needed to understand how this induced autophagy affects CD4(+) T cell proliferation and function.
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Yuchen Lei, Daniel J. Klionsky
Summary: Recent studies have shown that calcium plays a regulatory role in various stages of autophagy, and the release of calcium from lysosomes is crucial for autophagosome and lysosome fusion. MCOLN3/TRPML3, a calcium-permeable channel located on both lysosomes and autophagosomes, has been identified as an autophagy regulator and a potential supplier of calcium for autophagic fusion.
Article
Cell Biology
Qian Xue, Ding Yan, Xi Chen, Xiaofen Li, Rui Kang, Daniel J. J. Klionsky, Guido Kroemer, Xin Chen, Daolin Tang, Jinbao Liu
Summary: Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent regulated cell death characterized by lipid peroxidation and membrane damage. Copper promotes ferroptotic cell death by inducing autophagic degradation of GPX4. These findings provide new insights into the connection between metal stress and autophagy-dependent cell death.
Editorial Material
Genetics & Heredity
Patrick Brest, Baharia Mograbi, Jocelyn Gal, Paul Hofman, Gerard Milano
Summary: Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), studies have shown that host genetic background may contribute to the development of severe COVID-19. This summary focuses on genetic variations, such as in the SARS-CoV-2 receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 or interferon signaling pathway, and their role in understanding why some individuals can develop severe COVID-19.
TRENDS IN GENETICS
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Olivia Vidal-Cruchez, Victoria J. Nicolini, Tifenn Rete, Karine Jacquet, Roger Rezzonico, Caroline Lacoux, Marie-Angela Domdom, Barnabe Romeo, Jeremie Roux, Arnaud Hubstenberger, Bernard Mari, Baharia Mograbi, Paul Hofman, Patrick Brest
Summary: Cancer therapies targeting the MAPK pathway lead to drug resistance. Overexpression of RAS has been linked to this resistance, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. This study shows that MEK inhibitors increase translation of KRAS and NRAS oncogenes through liquid-liquid phase separation, specifically P-body dissolution. This feedback loop involving P-bodies and phase separation could be important for future targeted therapies.
Review
Oncology
Arnaud Martel, Lauris Gastaud, Christelle Bonnetaud, Sacha Nahon-Esteve, Kevin Washetine, Olivier Bordone, Myriam Salah, Virginie Tanga, Julien Fayada, Virginie Lespinet, Maryline Allegra, Salome Lalvee, Katia Zahaf, Stephanie Baillif, Corine Bertolotto, Baharia Mograbi, Sandra Lassalle, Paul Hofman
Summary: This study aims to present the challenges faced in obtaining biospecimens for research purposes in ophthalmic malignancies, and provides a detailed description of a dedicated biobank for ophthalmic malignancies. Currently, the number of biobanks dedicated to ophthalmic malignancies worldwide is very limited. The two main objectives in establishing an ophthalmic malignancy biobank are to collect scarce ophthalmic tumor samples and conduct large-scale translational research to better understand pathogenesis and discover new biomarkers for early diagnosis and targeted treatment.
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Daniel J. Klionsky
Summary: The author has noticed a surprising number of papers with incorrect representations of the morphological intermediates of autophagy. This similarity in errors is not due to a deliberate agreement among researchers.
Article
Cell Biology
Sandy Giuliano, Christopher Montemagno, Marie-Angela Domdom, Manon Teisseire, Patrick Brest, Daniel J. Klionsky, Paul Hofman, Gilles Pages, Baharia Mograbi
Summary: Nearly fifty million older people suffer from neurodegenerative diseases, and this number is expected to triple by 2050. Defective lysosomal acidification and impairment of the autophagy pathway have been identified as modifiable risk factors for dementia. The long-term prescribing of lysosomotropic drugs to the elderly, such as proton pump inhibitors, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine, may be connected to the incidence of neurodegenerative diseases.
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Hana Popelka, Daniel J. Klionsky
Summary: ATG8-family proteins play multifunctional roles in autophagy. Lipidated ATG8 proteins have two distinct conformations, closed when interacting with the same membrane and open when mediating trans-membrane interactions. These findings are significant for understanding the interactions between the NHD and membrane in ATG8-PE.
Editorial Material
Cell Biology
Shree Padma Metur, Daniel J. Klionsky
Summary: This article discusses a recent study that identifies SPART as the receptor for autophagy of lipid droplets, which plays an important role in the turnover of triglycerides in motor neurons.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Justyna Antoniuk-Majchrzak, Tuguldur Enkhbaatar, Anna Dlugajczyk, Joanna Kaminska, Marek Skoneczny, Daniel J. Klionsky, Adrianna Skoneczna
Summary: DNA double-strand breaks are harmful to cells, especially when there is no error-free repair pathway available. In this case, error-prone recombination pathways are used to repair the damage, leading to decreased cell viability due to genome rearrangements. Rad51 recombinase is a major protein involved in recombinational repair of DNA damage, and its level is regulated through the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway. Rad51 can be modified by both ubiquitin and SUMO, and these modifications affect its ability to form and disassemble DNA repair foci, influencing cell cycle progression and cell viability in genotoxic stress conditions.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Paul Hofman
Summary: The introduction of liquid biopsies has provided new therapeutic opportunities in thoracic oncology, especially for advanced nonsquamous non-small cell lung cancer patients. In Europe, liquid biopsies are frequently used for patients receiving tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) when tumor progression occurs. Tissue biopsies are necessary if the liquid biopsy fails to detect TKI resistance mechanisms. Liquid biopsy is recommended before first-line therapy if tissue or cytological material is inaccessible or insufficient in quantity or quality. Simultaneous performance of liquid biopsy and tissue biopsy before treatment or tumor progression is rare and its benefits to patient care need further evaluation. This review updates the complementarity of liquid biopsy and tissue biopsy for care of aNS-NSCLC patients.
TRANSLATIONAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pathology
Paul Hofman, Sabina Berezowska, Daniel Kazdal, Baharia Mograbi, Marius Ilie, Albrecht Stenzinger, Veronique Hofman
Summary: The evolving treatment options in thoracic oncology require regular updates in diagnostic algorithms by pathologists. The pathologist plays a crucial role in deciding whether to send specimens for further analysis and can quickly obtain more material if needed. Inadequate algorithms and sampling workflow can lead to inaccurate results, impacting treatment choices and patient outcomes.