Article
Orthopedics
Shipin Zhang, Keng Lin Wong, Xiafei Ren, Kristeen Ye Wen Teo, Hassan Afizah, Andre Boon Hwa Choo, Ruenn Chai Lai, Sai Kiang Lim, James Hoi Po Hui, Wei Seong Toh
Summary: This study validates the safety and efficacy of human mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) exosomes combined with hyaluronic acid (HA) for osteochondral repair in a clinically relevant micropig model. The results show that the combination treatment promotes functional cartilage and subchondral bone repair, with significantly improved morphological, histological, and biomechanical outcomes. No adverse response or major systemic alterations were observed, indicating the potential of this therapy for clinical applications.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SPORTS MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Chun-Chieh Huang, Miya Kang, Kasey Leung, Yu Lu, Sajjad Shirazi, Praveen Gajendrareddy, Sriram Ravindran
Summary: Mesenchymal stem cell derived extracellular vesicles (MSC EVs) possess immunomodulatory and therapeutic properties. This study demonstrates that engineering MSC EVs with increased levels of miR-424 enhances their osteoinductive function and facilitates bone repair in vitro and in vivo. The engineered EVs retain their characteristics and immunomodulatory properties, providing proof-of-concept for miRNA-based extracellular vesicles engineering in regenerative medicine applications.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Jafar Rezaie, Vahid Nejati, Monireh Mahmoodi, Mahdi Ahmadi
Summary: Extracellular vesicles (EVs), particularly MSCs-EVs, have shown great potential as a drug delivery system in nanomedicine. They can selectively deliver therapeutic agents to target cells and improve various diseases. However, there are still challenges that need to be addressed for the clinical translation of modified MSCs-EVs.
BIOCHEMICAL PHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elia Bari, Ilaria Roato, Giuseppe Perale, Filippo Rossi, Tullio Genova, Federico Mussano, Riccardo Ferracini, Marzio Sorlini, Maria Luisa Torre, Sara Perteghella
Summary: A new strategy was developed to improve the osteoinductivity of SmartBone (SB) by loading the SB scaffolds with freeze-dried formulation of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-secretome. The study showed that SBlyo significantly enhanced cell proliferation and tissue formation compared to SB, suggesting a more effective bone formation induction by SBlyo.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Leila Gholami, Vajihe Taghdiri Nooshabadi, Shiva Shahabi, Marzieh Jazayeri, Rana Tarzemany, Zohreh Afsartala, Khatereh Khorsandi
Summary: Oral mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secretomes play a crucial role in medical tissue engineering and cell free biotherapy due to their accessibility and therapeutic outcomes. Recent studies have focused on the regenerative ability of EVs and CM from MSCs in bone and periodontal defects.
CELL AND BIOSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Liming Li, Jiafu Mu, Yu Zhang, Chenyang Zhang, Teng Ma, Lu Chen, Tianchen Huang, Jiahe Wu, Jian Cao, Shiqing Feng, Youzhi Cai, Min Han, Jianqing Gao
Summary: This study found that exosomes derived from hypoxic preconditioned human umbilical vein endothelial cells can stimulate angiogenic MSCs, showing great potential in the treatment of traumatic spinal cord injury.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Yanhua Lan, Huizhi Xie, Qianrui Jin, Xiaomin Zhao, Yang Shi, Yanyan Zhou, Zihe Hu, Yi Ye, Xiaoyuan Huang, Yingjia Sun, Zhuo Chen, Zhijian Xie
Summary: This study reveals that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from Nell1-modified bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) have a stronger ability to promote BMSC osteogenesis due to the downregulation of miR-25-5p. Additionally, the 3D-Nell1/EV hydrogel system is shown to be beneficial for bone regeneration in vivo, possibly because of the slow and continuous release of EVs at a high concentration in the bone defect area.
BIOACTIVE MATERIALS
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Nur Azira Mohd Noor, Asma Abdullah Nurul, Muhammad Rajaei Ahmad Mohd Zain, Wan Khairunnisaa Wan Nor Aduni, Maryam Azlan
Summary: Osteoarthritis is a chronic degenerative disorder of the joint that is becoming more prevalent due to aging populations. Current treatments are limited to painkillers, anti-inflammatory drugs, and surgery for joint replacement. Extracellular vesicles and mesenchymal stem cells show potential for OA treatment, but face challenges in implementation.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Qi Li, Huilei Yu, Muyang Sun, Peng Yang, Xiaoqing Hu, Yingfang Ao, Jin Cheng
Summary: Extracelluar vesicles (EVs) of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) from different tissue origins have varying effects on chondrogenesis and osteogenesis, with EVs from adipose-derived MSCs showing the highest efficiency. Proteomics analysis revealed potential mechanisms underlying this difference.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Sylwia Dabrowska, Anna Andrzejewska, Miroslaw Janowski, Barbara Lukomska
Summary: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) possess supportive, differentiating, and immunoregulatory functions, while the extracellular vesicles (EVs) they produce can serve as a potential cellular therapy tool.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Elia Bari, Fulvio Tartara, Fabio Cofano, Giuseppe di Perna, Diego Garbossa, Sara Perteghella, Marzio Sorlini, Delia Mandracchia, Lorella Giovannelli, Paolo Gaetani, Maria Luisa Torre, Lorena Segale
Summary: The study found that the mesenchymal stem cell-secretome Lyosecretome has a significant improvement effect on the osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties of titanium cages, leading to increased mineralized matrix when used during culturing.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Kristeen Ye Wen Teo, Rachel Tan, Keng Lin Wong, Dennis Hwee Weng Hey, James Hoi Po Hui, Wei Seong Toh
Summary: Musculoskeletal disorders are a major burden on the healthcare system, especially in an aging population. Mesenchymal stromal/stem cells (MSCs) have shown therapeutic efficacy for treating these disorders through their regenerative properties. Recent research has revealed that MSCs promote tissue repair by secreting extracellular vesicles (EVs) containing bioactive molecules. This review summarizes the latest advancements in using MSC-EVs for musculoskeletal regeneration, explores the mechanisms underlying their therapeutic effects, and discusses the progress and challenges in translating this research to clinical applications.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Huan Liu, Yuehong Chen, Geng Yin, Qibing Xie
Summary: Autoimmune diseases are chronic conditions with impaired self-tolerance, lacking effective treatment options. Mesenchymal stem cells release EVs and miRNAs that can modulate immune responses, offering potential therapeutic benefits but also facing challenges in clinical application.
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Liangrui Chen, Shasha Zhu, Shujuan Guo, Weidong Tian
Summary: Periodontitis is a common oral disease that causes damage to both hard and soft tissues of the periodontium, leading to tooth mobility and loss. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising therapy for periodontitis due to their unique characteristics. Accumulating evidence suggests that the regenerative effects of MSCs are mainly mediated through paracrine signaling, including the release of extracellular vesicles (EVs) that contain bioactive substances. These MSC-EVs play a crucial role in regulating the biological functions of periodontal tissue cells, immune cells, and the local microenvironment, promoting tissue regeneration and repair. As a cell-free therapy, MSC-EVs offer advantages in terms of stability, immune rejection, and ethical concerns, making them potentially valuable for clinical applications in periodontal regeneration.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ljubava D. Zorova, Sergei I. Kovalchuk, Vasily A. Popkov, Valery P. Chernikov, Anastasia A. Zharikova, Anastasia A. Khutornenko, Savva D. Zorov, Konstantin S. Plokhikh, Roman A. Zinovkin, Ekaterina A. Evtushenko, Valentina A. Babenko, Irina B. Pevzner, Yulia A. Shevtsova, Kirill V. Goryunov, Egor Y. Plotnikov, Denis N. Silachev, Gennady T. Sukhikh, Dmitry B. Zorov
Summary: Extracellular vesicles derived from stem cells have been widely studied for their potential use in cell therapy. This study examined two fractions of vesicles derived from mesenchymal stromal stem cells and found the presence of mitochondrial components in these vesicles. However, it is still unclear whether these mitochondria are fully functional inside the vesicles.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Miya Kang, Ghadeer Thalji, Chun-Chieh Huang, Sajjad Shirazi, Yu Lu, Sriram Ravindran, Lyndon F. Cooper
Summary: This study found that macrophages from diabetic mice exhibited an inflamed phenotype at resting state. Analysis showed that bone regeneration was relatively impaired in diabetic mouse calvaria and in C57BL/6J mouse calvaria supplemented with diabetic mouse macrophages. Additionally, conditioned medium from diabetic mice had a negative impact on osteogenic differentiation of mouse mesenchymal stem cells compared to C57BL/6J mice.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Geology
David Rubilar-Rogers, Alexander O. Vargas, Bernardo Gonzalez Riga, Sergio Soto-Acuna, Jhonatan Alarcon-Munoz, Jose Iriarte-Diaz, Carlos Arevalo, Carolina S. Gutstein
Summary: A new lithostrotian sauropod, Arackar licanantay gen. et sp. nov., has been discovered in the Upper Cretaceous beds of the Hornitos Formation in Atacama Region, northern Chile. This new titanosaur exhibits unique characteristics and is phylogenetically classified in a clade with Rapetosaurus and Isisaurus. It is the third dinosaur named from Chile and the third titanosaur from the western side of the Andes in South America.
CRETACEOUS RESEARCH
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Sajjad Shirazi, Clark M. Stanford, Lyndon F. Cooper
Summary: This study reviews the detection potential and rates of SARS-CoV-2 in various body fluids and sites, analyzing the impact of specimen type and collection timing on the presence of viral biomolecules. The relative detection rates in different specimens/sites are detailed within the text. The infectious potential of these specimens is mainly determined by the timing of collection and the presence of replicating viral particles.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Chun-Chieh Huang, Miya Kang, Sajjad Shirazi, Yu Lu, Lyndon F. Cooper, Praveen Gajendrareddy, Sriram Ravindran
Summary: This study developed a method to encapsulate MSC-derived EVs in 3D hydrogels for prolonged delivery by leveraging interactions with ECM proteins, showing enhanced bone regeneration in in vivo models. The technology has the potential for controlled delivery of EVs in various regenerative medicine applications.
ACTA BIOMATERIALIA
(2021)
Article
Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine
Sajjad Shirazi, Clark M. Stanford, Lyndon F. Cooper
Summary: This article provides current and necessary information for dental health care providers regarding COVID-19 testing, including the limitations of routine screening and triage protocols and the available laboratory and point-of-care screening methods. Dentists need to be familiar with these testing options to enhance patient safety in dental practices.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DENTAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Sajjad Shirazi, Chun-Chieh Huang, Miya Kang, Yu Lu, Sriram Ravindran, Lyndon F. Cooper
Summary: The study found that modulation of miRNA biosynthesis and regulation can influence osteoblastic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs).
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Miya Kang, Chun-Chieh Huang, Praveen Gajendrareddy, Yu Lu, Sajjad Shirazi, Sriram Ravindran, Lyndon F. Cooper
Summary: Mesenchymal stem cells respond to external cues and change their behavior. The immunomodulatory properties of MSCs are well-documented, and their secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) play a role in this process. The study found that TNF alpha can enhance the immunomodulatory properties of MSC EVs, leading to reduced inflammation and enhanced bone formation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cell Biology
Kasey S. Leung, Sajjad Shirazi, Lyndon F. Cooper, Sriram Ravindran
Summary: This review discusses the current status of extracellular vesicle (EV) delivery through biopolymeric scaffolds for therapeutic applications and the challenges associated with their development. EVs, as cell-derived membranous structures, have therapeutic potential, but proper delivery systems are needed to minimize non-specific and off-target effects. Targeted and site-specific delivery using polymeric scaffolds can address these limitations and has shown improvements in tissue remodeling, wound healing, immunomodulation, and vascular performance. Therefore, EV delivery via biopolymeric scaffolds is becoming a popular approach in tissue engineering.
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Sajjad Shirazi, Sriram Ravindran, Lyndon F. Cooper
Summary: Osteoimmunology plays a crucial role in the osseointegration of implants by regulating the communication between bone cells and immune cells, as well as utilizing surface topography to enhance bone accrual. This review summarizes the interactions between immune cells and titanium implant surfaces, placing them in the context of surface-mediated immunomodulation and bone regeneration. It also discusses the use of surface topography to prevent osteoclastogenesis and its effects on immune and progenitor cell function.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Pranav N. Haravu, Hyab Mehari Abraha, Michelle Shang, Jose Iriarte-Diaz, Andrea B. Taylor, Russell R. Reid, Callum F. Ross, Olga Panagiotopoulou
Summary: This study compared the biomechanical behavior of human and macaque mandibles pre- and post-fracture and fixation using finite-element models. The results showed small differences in deformation and strain between human and macaque mandibles. More rigid biplanar fixation in the human model approximated healthy bone strains and moments better and resulted in less interfragmentary strain compared to less rigid Champy fixation. Contralateral chewing exacerbated deviations in strain, moments, and interfragmentary strain, especially under Champy fixation. These findings confirm that macaques are excellent animal models for studying mandibular fixation and support the use of rigid biplanar fixation in the treatment of isolated mandibular angle fractures.
ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Chun-Chieh Huang, Miya Kang, Kasey Leung, Yu Lu, Sajjad Shirazi, Praveen Gajendrareddy, Sriram Ravindran
Summary: Mesenchymal stem cell derived extracellular vesicles (MSC EVs) possess immunomodulatory and therapeutic properties. This study demonstrates that engineering MSC EVs with increased levels of miR-424 enhances their osteoinductive function and facilitates bone repair in vitro and in vivo. The engineered EVs retain their characteristics and immunomodulatory properties, providing proof-of-concept for miRNA-based extracellular vesicles engineering in regenerative medicine applications.
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Olga Panagiotopoulou, Dale Robinson, Jose Iriarte-Diaz, David Ackland, Andrea B. Taylor, Callum F. Ross
Summary: Using three-dimensional finite element models is a powerful tool for studying the mechanical behavior of the feeding system. Dynamic models are superior to static models in capturing the mechanical behavior of the jaw during feeding, as they can reflect the asymmetry in jaw-adductor muscle activations during a gape cycle.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biology
Myra F. Laird, Jose Iriarte-Diaz, Craig D. Byron, Michael C. Granatosky, Andrea B. Taylor, Callum F. Ross
Summary: Dynamic changes in jaw movements and bite forces are influenced by muscle architectural and neural factors, with regional differences in muscle architecture dynamics and their relationship with gape, food material properties, and muscle activation. It is important to consider the effects of gape, regionalization, and food material properties when modeling temporalis muscle force production in primates.
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Anthropology
Craig Byron, David Reed, Jose Iriarte-Diaz, Qian Wang, David Strait, Myra F. Laird, Callum F. Ross
Summary: By comparing the morphometrics of cranial sutures between Sapajus and Cebus primates, it was found that the anterior suture region of Sapajus exhibited greater complexity than the posterior region of Cebus. In vivo data also revealed that feeding behavior had the most consistent and strongest impact on strain regime in the sagittal suture. This suggests that cranial suture morphology and strain regime may be related to feeding habits and food characteristics in primates.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL ANTHROPOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Hyab Mehari Abraha, Jose Iriarte-Diaz, Russell R. Reid, Callum F. Ross, Olga Panagiotopoulou
Summary: Our study employed in silico simulation of chewing to quantify the effects of different angle fracture fixation techniques, revealing that biplanar fixation results in lower strain magnitudes and a strain regime closer to the unfractured condition. The type of fixation and the patient's post-fixation masticatory pattern can impact the bone healing environment.