Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Scott J. Adams, Emily Stone, David R. Baldwin, Rozemarijn Vliegenthart, Pyng Lee, Florian J. Fintelmann
Summary: Randomised controlled trials have shown that low-dose CT lung cancer screening reduces mortality compared with chest radiography or no screening. However, uncertainties remain about optimizing clinical and cost effectiveness. This Review provides an international perspective on lung cancer screening, covering clinical trials, identification of individuals who benefit, management of screen-detected findings, smoking cessation interventions, cost-effectiveness, artificial intelligence and biomarkers, and challenges and opportunities in implementation.
Review
Oncology
Samuel T. Freyaldenhoven, Hisashi Tsukada
Summary: The diagnosis of small lung lesions by electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy is less effective compared to CT guided percutaneous transthoracic needle lung biopsy. Robotic bronchoscopy is a promising new technology that may revolutionize the diagnosis of small lung lesions. Real-time tools such as electromagnetic navigation, radial-endobronchial ultrasound, and cone beam CT have the potential to further improve the diagnostic yield rate.
JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Sandra Gonzalez Maldonado, Erna Motsch, Anke Trotter, Hans-Ulrich Kauczor, Claus-Peter Heussel, Silke Hermann, Sylke Ruth Zeissig, Stefan Delorme, Rudolf Kaaks
Summary: A study on lung cancer screening among long-term smokers revealed a risk of overdiagnosis in the screening group, especially for individuals with shorter life expectancies. The excess cumulative incidence in the screening arm was largely driven by adenocarcinomas, suggesting a major risk of overdiagnosis for individuals with comparatively short remaining life expectancies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Maosen Dou, Dan Li, Mengchan Zhu, Wei Guo, Changhong Miao, Min Li, Ying Xue, Ruiping He, Nan Jiang, Di Ge, Qin Hu, Yue Shao, Yingyong Hou, Xuefei Wang, Xingxu Huang, Tianshu Liu, Qi Wang, Yuehong Wang, Jiayuan Sun, Weibing Wang, Yuanlin Song, Jie Hu, Qihong Huang
Summary: Non-diagnostic findings are commonly found in transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) and endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial lung biopsy (EBUS-TBLB). To improve lung cancer detection, a study used an 850 K methylation chip to identify methylation sites that can differentiate malignant from benign lung nodules. The findings showed that a combination of HOXA7, SHOX2, and SCT methylation analysis was most effective in diagnosing lung cancer using bronchial washing and brushing samples.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kajsa Ericson Lindquist, Inga Gudinaviciene, Nektaria Mylona, Rodrigo Urdar, Maria Lianou, Eva Darai-Ramqvist, Felix Haglund, Matyas Bendek, Erika Bardoczi, Katalin Dobra, Hans Brunnstroem
Summary: This study evaluated the real-world accuracy and use of immunohistochemical staining in lung cancer diagnostics, finding high overall diagnostic accuracy of small specimens but also instances of discordant diagnosis. Improvements in routine practice, such as including specific markers in the IHC panel, could enhance diagnostic accuracy and efficiency.
Article
Cell Biology
Jing Ning, Tao Ge, Minlin Jiang, Keyi Jia, Lei Wang, Wei Li, Bin Chen, Yu Liu, Hao Wang, Sha Zhao, Yayi He
Summary: The research focuses on various early diagnosis methods for lung cancer, aiming to improve early diagnosis rates and explore feasible and effective strategies. This includes imaging screening, bronchoscopy, and emerging potential liquid biopsies, as well as volatile organic compounds and autoantibodies.
Review
Immunology
Antonio Velez, Andrew Demaio, Daniel Sterman
Summary: Despite advancements in tumor response and patient survival, systemic immunotherapies for lung cancer only result in objective response in around half of treated patients. Combination strategies, such as cryoablation, are being investigated to improve response rates. This review discusses the use of cryoablation in non-small cell lung cancer and its potential to induce anti-tumor immunity, highlighting ongoing studies and proposing areas for future investigation.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Philip A. J. Crosbie, Rhian Gabe, Irene Simmonds, Neil Hancock, Panos Alexandris, Martyn Kennedy, Suzanne Rogerson, David Baldwin, Richard Booton, Claire Bradley, Mike Darby, Claire Eckert, Kevin N. Franks, Jason Lindop, Sam M. Janes, Henrik Moller, Rachael L. Murray, Richard D. Neal, Samantha L. Quaife, Sara Upperton, Bethany Shinkins, Puvan Tharmanathan, Matthew E. J. Callister
Summary: Telephone risk assessment followed by a community-based LHC is an effective strategy for lung cancer screening implementation. However, lower participation associated with current smoking status and socioeconomic deprivation underlines the importance of research to ensure equitable access to screening.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Jan M. Eberth, Michael R. Gieske, Gerard A. Silvestri
Summary: Although the revised recommendations for lung cancer screening in the US offer potential benefits, members of the National Lung Cancer Roundtable warn of upcoming challenges. They stress the importance of a patient-centered approach that includes shared decision-making, improved access to care and navigation, and streamlined systems of care.
Review
Respiratory System
Jennifer D. D. Duke, Janani Reisenauer
Summary: Robotic bronchoscopy has advanced the detection and diagnosis of pulmonary nodules by providing improved navigation and maneuverability. This review highlights the technological advancements and future directions in the field of interventional pulmonary for the treatment of lung cancer through robotic bronchoscopy.
EXPERT REVIEW OF RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kayla Sompel, Lori D. Dwyer-Nield, Alex J. Smith, Alamelu Elango, Don S. Backos, Bicheng Zhang, James Gross, Kristina Ternyak, Jennifer L. Matsuda, Katrina Kopf, Robert L. Keith, Meredith A. Tennis
Summary: Prevention of premalignant lesion progression is a promising approach to reducing lung cancer burden in high-risk populations. Previous research has shown the effectiveness of the prostacyclin analogue iloprost in lung cancer chemoprevention, and this study reveals that iloprost requires FZD(9) for its chemopreventive effects in vivo.
Article
Critical Care Medicine
Paul Pinsky, Eric Miller, Nick Faris, Raymond Osarogiagbon
Summary: This study explores the relationship between pulmonary nodules and lung cancer, assessing the commonness of nodules in the Medicare population and the rate of lung cancer after their detection. The study finds that pulmonary nodules are relatively common and are associated with a higher occurrence of lung cancer. It also suggests that a larger proportion of early-stage lung cancer is diagnosed through reporting of nodules compared to low-dose CT scan screening.
Article
Oncology
Nathan Chu, Haley Tupper, Tamara Galoyan, Armine Lulejian, James Dickhoner, Marine Hovhannisyan, Shant Shekherdimian
Summary: In Armenia, a high incidence of lung cancer is observed, especially among male smokers. The study highlights the importance of early detection through low-dose computed tomography screening in reducing mortality rates. However, there are significant barriers such as lack of symptoms and high costs that hinder screening participation.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging
Kaiwen Xu, Mirza S. Khan, Thomas Z. Li, Riqiang Gao, James G. Terry, Yuankai Huo, Thomas A. Lasko, John Jeffrey Carr, Fabien Maldonado, Bennett A. Landman, Kim L. Sandler
Summary: This study evaluated the added value of CT-based AI-derived body composition measurements in predicting the risk of lung cancer incidence, lung cancer death, cardiovascular disease death, and all-cause mortality. The results showed that these measurements improved the risk prediction for lung cancer death, CVD death, and all-cause mortality, but not for lung cancer incidence.
Article
Oncology
Yichen Zhang, Michael J. Simoff, David Ost, Oliver J. Wagner, James Lavin, Beth Nauman, Mei-Chin Hsieh, Xiao-Cheng Wu, Brian Pettiford, Lizheng Shi
Summary: This research analyzed the clinical pathway and characteristics of patients with lung cancer and solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN). The study found that the majority of lung cancer patients were in stages III or IV, and some SPN patients did not receive diagnostic work-up.
Article
Respiratory System
Nicholas Jendzjowsky, Austin Laing, Michelle Malig, John Matyas, Elaine de Heuvel, Curtis Dumonceaux, Elaine Dumoulin, Alain Tremblay, Richard Leigh, Alex Chee, Margaret M. Kelly
Summary: Bronchial thermoplasty primarily affects airway smooth muscle and nerves, with effects still present at 12 months post-treatment.
EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Karim Ali, Tanweer Azher, Mahin Baqi, Alexandra Binnie, Sergio Borgia, Francois M. Carrier, Yiorgos Alexandros Cavayas, Nicolas Chagnon, Matthew P. Cheng, John Conly, Cecilia Costiniuk, Peter Daley, Nick Daneman, Josh Douglas, Catarina Downey, Erick Duan, Emmanuelle Duceppe, Madeleine Durand, Shane English, George Farjou, Evradiki Fera, Patricia Fontela, Rob Fowler, Michael Fralick, Anna Geagea, Jennifer Grant, Luke B. Harrison, Thomas Havey, Holly Hoang, Lauren E. Kelly, Yoav Keynan, Kosar Khwaja, Gail Klein, Marina Klein, Christophe Kolan, Nadine Kronfli, Francois Lamontagne, Michael Lau, Todd C. Lee, Nelson Lee, Rachel Lim, Sarah Longo, Alexandra Lostun, Erika MacIntyre, Isabelle Malhame, Kathryn Mangoff, Marlee McGuinty, Sonya Mergler, Matthew Munan, Srinivas Murthy, Conar O'Neil, Daniel Ovakim, Jesse Papenburg, Ken Kuljit S. Parhar, Seema Nair Parvathy, Chandni Patel, Santiago Perez-Patrigeon, Ruxandra Pinto, Subitha Rajakumaran, Asgar Rishu, Malaika Roba-Oshin, Moira Rushton, Mariam Saleem, Marina Salvadori, Kim Scherr, Kevin Schwartz, Makeda Semret, Michael Silverman, Ameeta Singh, Wendy Sligl, Stephanie Smith, Ranjani Somayaji, Darrell H. S. Tan, Siobhan Tobin, Meaghan Todd, Tuong-Vi Tran, Alain Tremblay, Jennifer Tsang, Alexis Turgeon, Erik Vakil, Jason Weatherald, Cedric Yansouni, Ryan Zarychanski
Summary: This Canadian study explores the effectiveness of remdesivir as a treatment for COVID-19. The results show that remdesivir has a modest but significant impact on important outcomes for patients and healthcare systems, such as the need for mechanical ventilation.
CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL
(2022)
Editorial Material
Oncology
Ming-Sound Tsao, Andrew G. Nicholson, Joseph J. Maleszewski, Alexander Marx, William D. Travis
JOURNAL OF THORACIC ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Sonya Cressman, Marianne F. Weber, Preston J. Ngo, Stephen Wade, Silvia Behar Harpaz, Michael Caruana, Alain Tremblay, Renee Manser, Emily Stone, Sukhinder Atkar-Khattra, Deme Karikios, Cheryl Ho, Aleisha Fernandes, Jing Yi Weng, Annette McWilliams, Renelle Myers, John Mayo, John Yee, Ren Yuan, Henry M. Marshall, Kwun M. Fong, Stephen Lam, Karen Canfell, Martin C. Tammemagi
Summary: Using risk models as eligibility criteria for lung screening can reduce race and sex-based disparities. In this study, the economic impact of using the PLCOm2012 risk model or the USPSTF-2013 categorical age-smoking history-based criteria was compared. The PLCOm2012 model resulted in cost savings, increased Quality-Adjusted Life Years (QALYs), and mitigated socioeconomic and sex-based disparities in access to screening.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Iakovos Toumazis, Pianpian Cao, Koen de Nijs, Mehrad Bastani, Vidit Munshi, Mehdi Hemmati, Kevin ten Haaf, Jihyoun Jeon, Martin Tammemagi, G. Scott Gazelle, Eric J. Feuer, Chung Yin Kong, Rafael Meza, Harry J. de Koning, Sylvia K. Plevritis, Summer S. S. Han
Summary: In their 2021 update, the USPSTF emphasized the need for further research on the benefits and harms of risk model-based lung cancer screening strategies. This comparative modeling analysis found that risk model-based screening strategies were more cost-effective than the USPSTF recommendation, with a 6-year risk threshold of 1.2% or greater being the most cost-effective.
ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Paul MacEachern, Matthew T. Warkentin, Darren R. Brenner, Eric L. R. Bedard, Alain Tremblay
Summary: This study examined lung cancer rates in individuals who underwent computed tomography (CT) screening and those who did not. The findings suggest that using personalized risk as the criterion for screening eligibility is unlikely to miss many cases of lung cancer.
CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Critical Care Medicine
Erik Vakil, Niloofar Taghizadeh, Alain Tremblay
Summary: Pleural diseases encompass pneumothorax and pleural effusion, causing pain, breathlessness, cough, and diminished quality of life. Disease burden varies regionally due to factors such as smoking, pneumonia, tuberculosis, asbestos, cancer, and organ failure. High-income countries have a higher disease burden due to better data availability, while lower-income countries likely have underestimated burdens. In the United States, there were 42,215 treat-and-discharge visits and 361,270 hospitalizations for pleural diseases in 2016, resulting in a national cost of $10.1 billion.
SEMINARS IN RESPIRATORY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Katelyn Stuart, Marwa Ahmad, Stacey D. Lok, Ashley-Mae Gillson, Eric L. R. Bedard, Alain Tremblay, Kerri A. Johannson
Summary: This study investigates the prevalence and outcomes of ILA in a Canadian lung cancer screening cohort. The study finds that ILA is present in 3.7% of the cohort, with most cases being subpleural fibrotic abnormalities. The study suggests standardized reporting and follow-up for ILA in lung cancer screening programs.
CANADIAN JOURNAL OF RESPIRATORY CRITICAL CARE AND SLEEP MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Martin Carl Tammemagi, Kristin Cina, Andrea K. Borondy Kitts, David Koop, Mark A. Petereit, Michele Sargent, Daniel G. Petereit
Summary: This study compared screening eligibility for lung cancer in South Dakota using different criteria and models. It found no disparities in eligibility for individuals self-reporting as Indigenous. The PLCOm2012 risk-prediction model showed higher sensitivity in identifying lung cancer cases for screening compared to the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) criteria. Screening individuals younger than 50 years did not seem necessary in this population.
Editorial Material
Oncology
Martin Carl Tammemagi
Summary: Multiple lines of reasoning and evidence, including the study by Meza and colleagues, suggest that the use of the <= 15 quit-years rule for lung cancer screening eligibility should be abandoned.
Meeting Abstract
Respiratory System
Sonya Cressman, Marianne Weber, Preston Ngo, Alain Tremblay, Stephen Wade, Renee Manser, Emily Stone, Sukhinder Atkar-Khattra, Deme Karikios, Cheryl Ho, Silvia Behar Harpaz, Michael Caruana, Aleisha Fernandes, Jing Yi Weng, Annette McWilliams, Renelle Meyers, John Mayo, John Yee, Ren Yuan, Henry Marshall, Kwun Fong, Stephen Lam, Karen Canfell, Martin Tammemagi
Review
Oncology
Joshua C. Rosen, Adrian Sacher, Ming-Sound Tsao
Summary: KRAS(G12C) inhibitors have shown promising results in clinical trials with overall response rates ranging between 32% and 46%, and have been granted FDA approvals as second-line or later monotherapies. However, rapid tumor resistance complicates their use as a monotherapy.
THERAPEUTIC ADVANCES IN MEDICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Respiratory System
Joseph B. Shrager, Rahul Bhatnagar, Christine T. Kearney, Nathan P. Retzlaff, Evan Cohen, Andrew E. Stanton, Colleen Keyes, Momen M. Wahidi, Colin Gillespie, Najib Rahman, Anthony L. Kerry, David Feller-Kopman, Daniel Nader, Jason Akulian, Alex Chen, Mark Berry, Adnan Majid, Chakravarthy Reddy, Alain Tremblay, Nick A. Maskell
Summary: This study compared the efficacy of a novel silver nitrate-eluting indwelling pleural catheter with a standard, uncoated catheter. The results showed that the novel catheter did not improve pleurodesis efficacy and does not support its wider use.
ANNALS OF THE AMERICAN THORACIC SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Oncology
Shelley Kuang, Andrea S. Fung, Kirstin A. Perdrizet, Kaitlin Chen, Janice J. N. Li, Lisa W. Le, Michael Cabanero, Ola Abu Al Karsaneh, Ming S. Tsao, Josh Morganstein, Laura Ranich, Adam C. Smith, Cuihong Wei, Carol Cheung, Frances A. Shepherd, Geoffrey Liu, Penelope Bradbury, Prodipto Pal, Joerg Schwock, Adrian G. Sacher, Jennifer H. Law, Tracy L. Stockley, Natasha B. Leighl
Summary: In NSCLC patients, reflex testing using NGS panels can identify actionable genetic variants in the majority of cases with minimal increase in testing cost. Implementation of NGS panels is essential for the treatment of NSCLC patients as treatment paradigms continue to evolve.
Meeting Abstract
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Ellen Yang, Najd Alshamlan, Jessica Weiss, Michael Cabanero, Ming Tsao
LABORATORY INVESTIGATION
(2022)