Review
Immunology
Ayda Baghery Saghchy Khorasani, Amir-Mohammad Yousefi, Davood Bashash
Summary: CAR NK cells have attracted attention as a viable alternative to CAR T cells due to their MHC-independency, shorter life expectancy, potential for off-the-shelf immune product creation, and potent antitumor properties. This article provides an updated review of the differences between CAR T and CAR NK cells, current enhancements in CAR NK design, sources for collecting NK cells, and strategies for transducing CARs to NK cells.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Maren Soldierer, Arthur Bister, Corinna Haist, Aniththa Thivakaran, Sevgi Can Cengiz, Stephanie Sendker, Nina Bartels, Antonia Thomitzek, Denise Smorra, Maryam Hejazi, Markus Uhrberg, Kathrin Scheckenbach, Cornelia Monzel, Constanze Wiek, Dirk Reinhardt, Naghmeh Niktoreh, Helmut Hanenberg
Summary: The success of CAR T cells has opened new possibilities for immunotherapy of hematological malignancies. Genetically modifying NK cells as alternative CAR immune effector cells shows promise, but challenges still exist in manufacturing suitable CAR NK cell products.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Loredana Cifaldi, Ombretta Melaiu, Roberto Giovannoni, Monica Benvenuto, Chiara Focaccetti, Daniela Nardozi, Giovanni Barillari, Roberto Bei
Summary: DNAM-1 is a crucial NK cell activating receptor that contributes significantly to the killing of tumor or virus-infected cells by binding to specific ligands, alongside NKG2D and NCRs. DNAM-1 specifically recognizes PVR and Nectin-2 ligands expressed on a wide range of tumor cells and virus-infected cells. Although NK cells engineered with different antigen chimeric receptors or chimeric NKG2D receptors have been extensively studied, the use of DNAM-1 chimeric receptor-engineered NK cells has only been proposed in a recent proof-of-concept study. This perspective study aims to explain the rationale behind using this novel tool as a new anti-cancer immunotherapy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Faroogh Marofi, Marwan Mahmood Saleh, Heshu Sulaiman Rahman, Wanich Suksatan, Moaed E. Al-Gazally, Walid Kamal Abdelbasset, Lakshmi Thangavelu, Alexei Valerievich Yumashev, Ali Hassanzadeh, Mahboubeh Yazdanifar, Roza Motavalli, Yashwant Pathak, Adel Naimi, Behzad Baradaran, Marzieh Nikoo, Farhad Motavalli Khiavi
Summary: CAR-NK cells are safer and more efficient than CAR-T cells in treating tumors, especially hematological malignancies. NK cells can be effectively engineered to express CARs with substantial cytotoxic activity against both hematological and solid tumors.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Zewde Ingram, Shriya Madan, Jenoy Merchant, Zakiya Carter, Zen Gordon, Gregory Carey, Tonya J. Webb
Summary: NKT cells have the potential to play a role in cancer therapy by directly and indirectly mediating anti-tumor immune responses, and manipulating their effector functions is crucial for cancer treatment.
Article
Immunology
Bailin He, Qiusui Mai, Yunyi Pang, Shikai Deng, Yi He, Rongtao Xue, Na Xu, Hongsheng Zhou, Xiaoli Liu, Li Xuan, Chengyao Li, Qifa Liu
Summary: CD19 CAR engineered memory-like NK cells exhibit enhanced persistence and antitumor activity against CD19(+) tumors, providing a potential approach to treat patients with relapsed or refractory B cell malignancies.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Ali Keshavarz, Ali Salehi, Setareh Khosravi, Yasaman Shariati, Navid Nasrabadi, Mohammad Saeed Kahrizi, Sairan Maghsoodi, Amirhossein Mardi, Ramyar Azizi, Samira Jamali, Farnoush Fotovat
Summary: Advancements in adoptive cell therapy have brought forth new therapeutic strategies like CAR T-cells, showing promise in hematological malignancies. However, obstacles remain in using CAR T-cell therapy for both solid tumors and hematological malignancies. CAR-NK and CAR-M cell therapies have emerged as solutions to these challenges. Trials are ongoing in different human malignancies worldwide to improve CAR immune cell therapy.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2022)
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Hassan Dana, Ghanbar Mahmoodi Chalbatani, Seyed Amir Jalali, Hamid Reza Mirzaei, Stephan A. Grupp, Eloah Rabello Suarez, Catarina Raposo, Thomas J. Webster
Summary: New approaches in cancer immunotherapy, such as checkpoint inhibitors for solid tumors and CAR-T cell therapy for hematologic malignancies, have shown promising results. While CAR-T products have demonstrated powerful effects against B cell cancers, challenges exist in using them for solid tumors.
ACTA PHARMACEUTICA SINICA B
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Muhammad B. B. Khawar, Guangzhong Gao, Mussarat Rafiq, Anila Shehzadi, Ali Afzal, Muddasir H. H. Abbasi, Nadeem Sheikh, Nimra Afzal, Muhammad A. A. Ashraf, Syeda E. E. Hamid, Sara Shahzaman, Naseer Kawish, Haibo Sun
Summary: Natural killer (NK) cells are crucial for our innate immune system and are effective in killing virus-infected and tumor/cancerous cells. Genetically engineered Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) receptors ensure a more targeted and efficient response from NK cells, making them a better choice for immunotherapy compared to CAR-T therapy. This review focuses on the preclinical, clinical, and recent advances in clinical research trials for solid tumors, aiming to find enhanced and efficient cures.
JOURNAL OF CELLULAR BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Oncology
Barbara Mandriani, Eleonora Pelle, Francesco Mannavola, Antonio Palazzo, Rene Massimiliano Marsano, Giuseppe Ingravallo, Gerardo Cazzato, Maria Cecilia Ramello, Camillo Porta, Jonathan Strosberg, Daniel Abate-Daga, Mauro Cives
Summary: The study demonstrates that anti-SSTR CAR T cells show promising antitumor activity against neuroendocrine tumors and could be a potential candidate for early phase clinical investigations.
JOURNAL FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY OF CANCER
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yizhao Chen, Zhiying Yu, Xuewen Tan, Haifeng Jiang, Zhen Xu, Yilong Fang, Dafei Han, Wenming Hong, Wei Wei, Jiajie Tu
Summary: CAR-M therapy shows potential in targeting solid tumors, but there are limitations that need further research to enhance its therapeutic efficacy.
BIOMEDICINE & PHARMACOTHERAPY
(2021)
Review
Cell & Tissue Engineering
Faroogh Marofi, Heshu Sulaiman Rahman, Lakshmi Thangavelu, Aleksey Dorofeev, Favian Bayas-Morejon, Naghmeh Shirafkan, Navid Shomali, Max Stanley Chartrand, Mostafa Jarahian, Ghasem Vahedi, Rebar N. Mohammed, Somayeh Shahrokh, Morteza Akbari, Farhad Motavalli Khiavi
Summary: CAR-T cell immunotherapy has shown promising therapeutic results in treating cancers and infectious diseases, but it also brings some considerable drawbacks, leading to the exploration of utilizing NK cells as an alternative source of immune effector cells for CAR-engineering.
STEM CELL RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Binjie Huang, Lele Miao, Jie Liu, Jiaxing Zhang, Yumin Li
Summary: This review summarizes the recent advances in inhibiting cancer stem cells (CSCs) through targeting specific surface molecules, signal pathways, energy metabolic enzymes, and inducing differentiation therapy. It also discusses the use of immune effector cells engineered with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) in immunotherapy. The challenges and options in targeting CSCs with CAR-based immunotherapy are highlighted, and the potential of CAR-NK cells in tumor treatment is emphasized.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Oncology
Lara Herrera, Silvia Santos, Miguel Angel Vesga, Tomas Carrascosa, Juan Carlos Garcia-Ruiz, Antonio Perez-Martinez, Manel Juan, Cristina Eguizabal
Summary: CAR-T cells have shown promising results in treating relapsed or refractory hematological cancers, but their limitations have led to the emergence of CAR-NK cells as a good alternative. CAR-NK cells demonstrate efficacy with fewer side-effects, positioning them as a viable option for CAR-based treatments.
Article
Immunology
Enli Liu, Sonny O. T. Ang, Lucila Kerbauy, Rafet Basar, Indreshpal Kaur, Mecit Kaplan, Li Li, Yijiu Tong, May Daher, Emily L. Ensley, Nadima Uprety, Ana Karen Nunez Cortes, Ryan Z. Yang, Ye Li, Hila Shaim, Francia Reyes Silva, Paul Lin, Vakul Mohanty, Sunil Acharya, Mayra Shanley, Luis Muniz-Feliciano, Pinaki P. Banerjee, Ken Chen, Richard E. Champlin, Elizabeth J. Shpall, Katayoun Rezvani
Summary: Research has genetically engineered a universal antigen presenting cell (uAPC) to stimulate the expansion and enhance the effector function of NK cells, showing promising results for generating GMP-grade CAR NK cells for cancer immunotherapy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
