Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Sanjay Sivalokanathan, Lukasz A. Malek, Aneil Malhotra
Summary: The use of performance-enhancing drugs in sports is controversial, with caffeine being the most commonly used drug and anabolic steroids being prohibited. While these drugs can enhance athletic performance, they may also have adverse effects on the cardiovascular system.
Review
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Peter Bond, Diederik L. Smit, Willem de Ronde
Summary: This review provides a comprehensive overview of the working mechanism and potential side effects of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS). It discusses the absorption and transportation of AAS in the body and highlights the importance of understanding treatment options and self-medication practices for AAS users.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Kahtan Fadah, Gokul Gopi, Ajay Lingireddy, Vanessa Blumer, Tracy Dewald, Robert J. Mentz
Summary: Synthetic steroids have a negative impact on the heart, leading to cardiomyopathy and heart failure. While some treatments exist, further research is needed to understand the long-term effects and potential therapies.
FRONTIERS IN CARDIOVASCULAR MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Antoine Grandperrin, Iris Schuster, Thomas Rupp, Omar Izem, Philippe Obert, Stephane Nottin
Summary: The study evaluated LV dyssynchrony in strength-trained athletes using anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), finding an increase in LV mass index and depressed systolic and diastolic function in users compared to nonusers and controls. This suggests an association between AAS consumption, LV remodeling, and increased dyssynchrony in this specific population.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-HEART AND CIRCULATORY PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
H. S. Melsom, C. M. Heiestad, E. Eftestol, M. K. Torp, K. Gundersen, A. K. Bjornebekk, P. M. Thorsby, K. O. Stenslokken, J. Hisdal
Summary: Long-term use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) can lead to unfavorable changes in vascular function and morphology, increasing the risk of cardiovascular complications.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Review
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Ana Petrovic, Sonja Vukadin, Renata Sikora, Kristina Bojanic, Robert Smolic, Davor Plavec, George Y. Wu, Martina Smolic
Summary: Anabolic androgenic steroids have therapeutic benefits but are commonly misused and have detrimental effects on various organs, particularly the liver. This article reviews the latest knowledge on the adverse effects of anabolic androgenic steroids on the liver and their mechanisms.
WORLD JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Sport Sciences
Shalender Bhasin, Disa L. Hatfield, Jay R. Hoffman, William J. Kraemer, Michele Labotz, Stuart M. Phillips, Nicholas A. Ratamess
Summary: This consensus statement acknowledges the lawful and ethical therapeutic use of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) but condemns the illicit use of AAS for enhancing performance and appearance, especially among competitive athletes. It updates the science behind how AAS work metabolically/biochemically, discusses potential side effects, prevalence of use among athletes, and AAS use in clinical scenarios.
MEDICINE & SCIENCE IN SPORTS & EXERCISE
(2021)
Review
Health Care Sciences & Services
Giuseppe Davide Albano, Francesco Amico, Giuseppe Cocimano, Aldo Liberto, Francesca Maglietta, Massimiliano Esposito, Giuseppe Li Rosi, Nunzio Di Nunno, Monica Salerno, Angelo Montana
Summary: AASs are widely used molecules that enhance muscle growth and athletic performance, but also come with systemic side effects, particularly impacting the cardiovascular and reproductive systems. Preventive measures such as improving healthcare worker knowledge, standardized diagnostic tests, and educational interventions are essential to mitigate the negative effects of AAS abuse.
Article
Hematology
Johannes Jakobsen Sidelmann, Jorgen Brodersen Gram, Yaseelan Palarasah, Jon Jarlov Rasmussen, Caroline Kistorp
Summary: Current AAS abuse reduces the kallikrein-generating capacity of CAS by increasing the concentration of C1inh and reducing the concentration of prekallikrein. These changes may contribute to the anti-inflammatory effect of testosterone.
THROMBOSIS AND HAEMOSTASIS
(2021)
Article
Psychiatry
Barnaby N. Zoob Carter, Ian D. Boardley, Katinka van de Ven
Summary: The study found that the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on the training and anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) use of strength athletes, particularly in terms of reduced training frequency and AAS dose. However, the short-term mental health consequences of the pandemic on training and AAS use did not appear to have long-lasting effects.
FRONTIERS IN PSYCHIATRY
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Agne Andriuskeviciute, Giulia Cossu, Adelina Ameti, Georgios Papadakis, Roy Thomas Daniel, Vincent Dunet, Mahmoud Messerer
Summary: This case report describes a 40-year-old male patient who developed pituitary apoplexy shortly after using anabolic androgenic steroids for bodybuilding. The patient presented with sudden onset headache and left partial third cranial nerve palsy, confirmed by MRI findings. Endocrine work-up revealed high testosterone levels due to exogenous testosterone use without medical prescription. The association between pituitary apoplexy and anabolic androgenic steroids should be considered as a potential risk factor.
FRONTIERS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Marie Lindvik Jorstad, Morgan Scarth, Svenn Torgersen, Harrison Graham Pope, Astrid Bjornebekk
Summary: This study found that personality disorders and clinical psychiatric syndromes are common among users of anabolic-androgenic steroids. The study identified four distinct psychopathology subgroups among AAS users, highlighting the importance of considering individual psychiatric profiles when providing treatment to this population.
BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Emilie Kildal, Bjornar Hassel, Astrid Bjornebekk
Summary: The use of anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) in weightlifters is associated with ADHD symptoms and lower cognitive performance. The severity of ADHD symptoms correlates with decreased cognitive scores in working memory, processing speed, verbal learning and memory, and problem-solving. Recognizing the link between ADHD symptoms and AAS use may guide drug prevention strategies in sports.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Yusuf S. Althobaiti, Mohammed S. Alzahrani, Shahad M. Alhumayani, Shaima A. Assiry, Hadeel F. Aljuaid, Majed A. Algarni
Summary: This study investigated the association between the use of synthetic analogs of testosterone called anabolic androgenic steroids (AASs) and the coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The findings suggest that current use of AASs is associated with a higher likelihood of contracting COVID-19 and experiencing more severe disease.
Article
Sport Sciences
Sabah Hammoud, Bart J. F. van den Bemt, Ayman Jaber, Mazen Kurdi
Summary: This study found that the use of supra-physiological doses of anabolic androgenic steroids is associated with changes in cardiovascular structure and function, including cardiac remodeling, left ventricular hypertrophy, and reduced systolic function.
JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND MEDICINE IN SPORT
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Pedro Henrique Berbert de Carvalho, Vitoria Bagolin, Alessandra Costa Pereira Junqueira, Jason M. Nagata, Chloe J. Cattle, Stuart B. Murray, Emilio J. Compte, Telma Maria Braga Costa, Sebastiao Sousa Almeida, Maria Fernanda Laus
Summary: This study describes and validates the translation and cultural adaptation of the Muscularity-Oriented Eating Test (MOET) in Brazilian Portuguese, and demonstrates its validity and reliability in a community sample of Brazilian men and women. The findings represent an advance in measures of muscularity-oriented disordered eating in Brazilian adults and provide possibilities for future cross-cultural research in this field.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Jason M. Nagata, Jonathan Chu, Kyle T. Ganson, Stuart B. Murray, Puja Iyer, Kelley Pettee Gabriel, Andrea K. Garber, Kirsten Bibbins-Domingo, Fiona C. Baker
Summary: The study found that longer screen time each day was prospectively associated with higher prevalence of conduct and oppositional defiant disorder, with the strongest association found between social media use and conduct disorder.
JOURNAL OF CHILD PSYCHOLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Puja Iyer, Deepika Parmar, Kyle T. Ganson, Jennifer Tabler, Samira Soleimanpour, Jason M. Nagata
Summary: This study found that individual and family resiliency factors in Asian American adolescents are associated with mental health outcomes in adulthood. Individual self-esteem and family connectedness during adolescence were found to be protective against adult mental health outcomes.
JOURNAL OF IMMIGRANT AND MINORITY HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Rachel F. Rodgers, Susan J. Paxton, Jason M. Nagata, Anne E. Becker
Summary: Climate change affects risk factors for eating disorders through direct and indirect pathways, but research in this area is lacking. This study aims to identify the mechanisms linking climate change to eating disorders, highlight limited empirical data, and propose research directions. Four main pathways were identified, including decreased food access, changes in temperature, food safety concerns, and indirect pathways through trauma and mental health concerns. Further investigation is needed, especially in areas most impacted by climate change.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Laura Hallward, Jason M. M. Nagata, Rachel F. F. Rodgers, Kyle T. T. Ganson
Summary: This study examined the impact of diverse gender and sexual identities on eating disorders (EDs) among Canadian adolescents and young adults. The results showed that sexual and gender minorities had elevated levels of ED psychopathology, with transgender and gender non-conforming individuals reporting the most severe symptoms. Compared to previous studies, the Canadian sample had higher levels of ED psychopathology. Further research is needed to understand the unique stressors faced by these populations and develop appropriate prevention and treatment strategies.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Laura M. Hart, Deborah Mitchison, Matthew Fuller-Tyszkiewicz, Sarah Giles, Jasmine Fardouly, Hannah K. Jarman, Stephanie R. Damiano, Sian A. McLean, Ivanka Prichard, Zali Yager, Isabel Krug
Summary: This research examined the association between videoconferencing for work or study and eating disorder (ED) risk. The study also explored the mediating role of safety behaviors and self-focused attention on the relationship between ED risk and perceived control over performance anxiety, impaired engagement, or avoidance of videoconferencing.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Nora Trompeter, Emma Austen, Kay Bussey, Erin E. Reilly, Mitchell L. Cunningham, Jonathan Mond, Alexandra Lonergan, Jack Tame, Deborah Mitchison
Summary: Adolescents commonly experience fear of negative evaluation and weight/shape concerns, and this study found a bidirectional relationship between the two. Increases in fear of negative evaluation predicted exacerbated weight/shape concerns, and vice versa, suggesting a vicious maintenance cycle. This highlights the importance of considering both factors in health promotion and prevention programs.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Developmental
Jason M. Nagata, Jonathan Chu, Gabriel Zamora, Kyle T. Ganson, Alexander Testa, Dylan B. Jackson, Caitlin R. Costello, Stuart B. Murray, Fiona C. Baker
Summary: The aim of this study is to determine the prospective associations between baseline screen time and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) at 2-year follow-up in children. The results showed that each additional hour of total screen time was associated with a 1.05 higher odds of OCD at 2-year follow-up. Specifically, playing video games and watching videos were associated with an increased risk of subsequent OCD diagnosis.
JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Jason M. Nagata, Christopher M. Lee, Feng Lin, Kyle T. Ganson, Kelley Pettee Gabriel, Alexander Testa, Dylan B. Jackson, Erin E. Dooley, Holly C. Gooding, Eric Vittinghoff
Summary: A longitudinal study using nationally representative data found that screen time during adolescence is associated with cardiometabolic disease risk factors in adulthood. Each additional hour of screen time per day is associated with an increase in body mass index, high waist circumference, and diabetes.
JOURNAL OF GENERAL INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Substance Abuse
Kyle T. Ganson, Laura Hallward, Mitchell L. Cunningham, Stuart B. Murray, Jason M. Nagata
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the use of legal APEDS among Canadian adolescents and young adults and its predictors. The findings showed that caffeine, protein bars, and whey protein powders were the most commonly used APEDS. Males reported higher prevalence of APEDS use compared to females, and the use varied based on sociodemographic factors.
SUBSTANCE USE & MISUSE
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Lance R. Nelson, Jennifer L. Carlson, Bonnie L. Halpern-Felsher, Jason M. Nagata
Summary: This study assessed clinician confidence and practices for assessing bone health in patients with an eating disorder, finding that clinicians were less confident in assessing bone mineral density in males compared to females, but this did not result in screening differences.
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Deborah Mitchison, Shirley B. B. Wang, Tracey Wade, Ann F. F. Haynos, Kay Bussey, Nora Trompeter, Alexandra Lonergan, Jack Tame, Phillipa Hay
Summary: This study aimed to develop and validate risk prediction models for the onset and persistence of eating disorders among adolescents. Data from 963 Australian adolescents were collected through online surveys in 2018 and 2019. Two models were built to predict the 12-month risk of eating disorder onset and persistence. The models showed fair discriminative performance for onset and poor performance for persistence. The most important predictors were psychological distress and weight and shape concerns. Public Significance: 7/10.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EATING DISORDERS
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Jason M. Nagata, Natalia Smith, Omar M. Sajjad, Gabriel Zamora, Julia H. Raney, Kyle T. Ganson, Alexander Testa, Eric Vittinghoff, Dylan B. Jackson
Summary: The study aimed to investigate the relationship between cumulative adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and alcohol sipping in a large sample of 9-to-10-year-old children in the United States. Data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study (2016-2018) were analyzed, revealing that a higher ACE score was associated with an increased risk of alcohol sipping. Children with 4 or more ACEs were 1.27 times more likely to sip alcohol compared to those with no ACEs. Among the nine ACEs examined, household violence and household alcohol abuse were specifically linked to childhood alcohol sipping. These findings highlight the need for increased clinical attention to alcohol consumption among children exposed to ACEs.
PREVENTIVE MEDICINE REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jason M. Nagata, Joanne Yang, Sana Alsamman, Abubakr A. A. Al-shoaibi, Kyle T. Ganson, Kelley Pettee Gabriel, Fiona C. Baker
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in significant disruptions in the lifestyle behaviors of adolescents, but there is limited data on objective changes in health indicators such as blood pressure, hypertension, and weight. This study aimed to quantify the differences in blood pressure and weight before and during the pandemic among a diverse national sample of early adolescents. Analysis of cross-sectional data showed a higher prevalence of hypertension and increased diastolic blood pressure and weight during the pandemic compared to pre-pandemic levels, even after adjusting for covariates. Future research should investigate the mechanisms and longitudinal trends in blood pressure among adolescents as they return to pre-pandemic lifestyle behaviors.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Psychology, Clinical
Nora Trompeter, Kay Bussey, Miriam K. Forbes, Scott Griffiths, Jonathan Mond, Phillipa Hay, Alexandra Lonergan, Jack Tame, Deborah Mitchison
Summary: Difficulties with emotion regulation are associated with engagement in some eating disorder behaviors among adolescents, but have a weaker association with driven exercise compared to weight and shape concerns. Particularly in adolescent boys, difficulties with emotion regulation are linked to driven exercise.
JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND CLINICAL SCIENCE
(2023)
