Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Gaurav Baranwal, Bethany L. Goodlett, Cristina M. Arenaz, Heidi A. Creed, Shobana Navaneethabalakrishnan, Joseph M. Rutkowski, Robert C. Alaniz, Brett M. Mitchell
Summary: Hypertension, affecting over a billion adults globally, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have shown that the microbiota and its metabolites play a role in regulating hypertension pathophysiology. In this study, decreased levels of indole propionic acid (IPA), a tryptophan metabolite, were found in mice with hypertension induced by L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) and high salt diet (LSHTN). Supplementation of IPA resulted in decreased blood pressure and improved sodium handling, suggesting IPA as a potential therapeutic option for hypertension.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Immunology
Min Hu, Natasha M. Rogers, Jennifer Li, Geoff Y. Zhang, Yuan Min Wang, Karli Shaw, Philip J. O'Connell, Stephen Alexander
Summary: Tregs play a crucial role in kidney transplantation by limiting immune activation and potentially reducing the need for immunosuppression. Studies have shown their importance in improving allo-specific Treg function in both animal and human models.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Jason Cheung, Beata Zahorowska, Michael Suranyi, Jeffrey K. W. Wong, Jason Diep, Stephen T. T. Spicer, Nirupama D. D. Verma, Suzanne J. Hodgkinson, Bruce M. M. Hall
Summary: The immune response to an allograft can activate lymphocytes that cause rejection. The activation of T regulatory cells can reduce allograft rejection and induce immune tolerance. Activated T regulatory cells can be distinguished by various markers. A more detailed characterization of these cells may help reduce non-specific immunosuppression.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Dao X. Nguyen, Helen M. Baldwin, Amara N. Ezeonyeji, Mohammed Rohan Butt, Michael R. Ehrenstein
Summary: The study revealed that patients with PsA have an increased Th17:Treg ratio, which can be reversed by anti-TNF therapy. Treg from patients treated with different therapies showed contrasting effects on regulating effector T-cell migration, with TNF blockade boosting Treg suppression of migration.
Article
Cell Biology
Lisa Perruzza, Francesco Strati, Matteo Raneri, Hai Li, Giorgio Gargari, Tanja Rezzonico-Jost, Martina Palatella, Ivo Kwee, Diego Morone, Frauke Seehusen, Paolo Sonego, Claudio Donati, Pietro Franceschi, Andrew J. Macpherson, Simone Guglielmetti, Victor Greiff, Fabio Grassi
Summary: This study demonstrates that hydrolysis of extracellular ATP by apyrase results in amplification of the SIgA repertoire, influencing the distribution of bacteria and gene expression in the intestinal epithelium in mice. Apyrase-induced SIgA improves intestinal homeostasis, attenuating barrier impairment and susceptibility to infection.
Article
Biology
Daniil Shevyrev, Valeriy Tereshchenko, Elena Blinova, Nadezda Knauer, Ekaterina Pashkina, Alexey Sizikov, Vladimir Kozlov
Summary: The study revealed that the proliferation of Treg cells in patients with rheumatoid arthritis under HP cytokine stimulation is lower compared to healthy individuals, and the suppressive activity decreases, which may lead to the proliferation of self-reactive T cell clones.
Review
Immunology
Payal Grover, Peeyush N. Goel, Mark I. Greene
Summary: T regulatory cells employ various immunosuppressive mechanisms to limit immune responses, including secretion of cytokines, cell cytolysis, metabolic perturbation, guiding antigen-presenting cell function, etc.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Murilo Delgobo, Emil Weiss, DiyaaElDin, Ashour Leon Richter, Lisa Popiolkowski, Panagiota Arampatzi, Verena Stangl, Paula Arias-Loza, Encarnita Mariotti-Ferrandiz, Peter P. Rainer, Antoine-Emmanuel Saliba, Burkhard Ludewig, Ulrich Hofmann, Stefan Frantz, Gustavo Campos Ramos
Summary: In this study, the researchers investigated how antigen-specific T-helper cells differentiate in the myocardial environment. They used a transgenic T cell receptor model and single-cell transcriptomics to study the cells in the murine infarcted myocardium. The results showed that these cells acquired a regulatory phenotype and influenced tissue repair.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tyler C. Moore, Kim J. Hasenkrug
Summary: B lymphocytes play important roles during viral infections by producing antibodies, acting as antigen-presenting cells, regulating immune responses, and inducing Tregs. In the Friend virus model, Tregs inhibit effector CD8+ T-cell responses and contribute to virus persistence. Research focuses on the interactions between B cells and Tregs during FV infection.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cell Biology
Sabrina Ceeraz, Charlotte R. Thompson, Richard Beatson, Ernest H. Choy
Summary: T regulatory cell therapy offers a new approach for treating autoimmune diseases and transplantation. CD8(+) Treg cells, particularly the CD8(+)CD28(-) subset, have been shown to be effective in preclinical models, although their impaired functionality in disease limits their effectiveness in immunosuppression. The review focuses on harnessing CD8(+) Treg cell therapy in clinical settings to aid current treatments for autoimmune and inflammatory conditions.
Article
Immunology
Megan T. Zangara, Andras K. Ponti, Noah D. Miller, Morgan J. Engelhart, Philip P. Ahern, Naseer Sangwan, Christine McDonald
Summary: Food additives, such as maltodextrin (MDX), have been found to contribute to the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease by disrupting the balance of epithelial cell differentiation and proliferation. This study investigated the mechanisms by which MDX alters the development of colitis in a murine model, and found that MDX consumption increased the incidence and severity of colitis, disrupted microbiome composition, and decreased mucus production.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Qi Jiang, Guocan Yang, Qi Liu, Shengjun Wang, Dawei Cui
Summary: Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic and heterogeneous autoimmune disease characterized by symmetrical polyarthritis, with dysfunction of regulatory T (Treg) cells potentially contributing to the breakdown of self-tolerance. The ideal treatment strategy for RA should focus on re-inducing self-tolerance to prevent obvious tissue injury.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Bayley R. McRitchie, Billur Akkaya
Summary: The concept of cancer immunotherapy has made significant progress, but challenges related to the relationship between CD4(+) T cells and CD8(+) T cells and the immunosuppressive actions of Treg cells still require attention.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Darya Malko, Tarek Elmzzahi, Marc Beyer
Summary: Treg cells play a crucial role in controlling autoimmunity, immune responses during infections and tumor development, and tissue homeostasis. This review highlights the recent findings on the differentiation and function of tissue Treg cells, emphasizing their importance in tissue maintenance, regeneration, and repair in various organs.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Bruna Macedo Gois, Rephany Fonseca Peixoto, Isabel Cristina Guerra-Gomes, Pedro Henrique de Sousa Palmeira, Cinthia Nobrega de Sousa Dias, Joselio Maria Galvao Araujo, Robson Cavalcante Veras, Isac Araujo Medeiros, Fatima de Lourdes Assuncao Araujo de Azevedo, Rosemary Jane Boyton, Daniel Martin Altmann, Tatjana Souza Lima Keesen
Summary: This study characterized the molecular mechanisms associated with regulatory T cells (Tregs) in acute and chronic Chikungunya disease for the first time. The results showed that CHIKV infection is associated with reduced frequency of Tregs and impaired expression and production of Treg functional markers. This suggests that Treg cells have poor regulatory capacity during both acute and chronic phases of the disease. These findings provide significant evidence for the role of imbalanced Treg cell response in the pathogenesis of Chikungunya.
MICROBES AND INFECTION
(2022)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Elke Anklam, Martin Iain Bahl, Robert Ball, Richard D. Beger, Jonathan Cohen, Suzanne Fitzpatrick, Philippe Girard, Blanka Halamoda-Kenzaoui, Denise Hinton, Akihiko Hirose, Arnd Hoeveler, Masamitsu Honma, Marta Hugas, Seichi Ishida, George En Kass, Hajime Kojima, Ira Krefting, Serguei Liachenko, Yan Liu, Shane Masters, Uwe Marx, Timothy McCarthy, Tim Mercer, Anil Patri, Carmen Pelaez, Munir Pirmohamed, Stefan Platz, Alexandre J. S. Ribeiro, Joseph Rodricks, Ivan Rusyn, Reza M. Salek, Reinhilde Schoonjans, Primal Silva, Clive N. Svendsen, Susan Sumner, Kyung Sung, Danilo Tagle, Li Tong, Weida Tong, Janny Van den Eijnden-van-Raaij, Neil Vary, Tao Wang, John Waterton, May Wang, Hairuo Wen, David Wishart, Yinyin Yuan, William Jr Jr Slikker
Summary: There is a growing need for safety assessment of food, drugs, and personal care products, driven by the utilization of emerging cellular, molecular, and in silico technologies. The rapid advancement and convergence of these technologies may impact regulatory decisions and approvals, but the lack of thorough evaluation raises concerns about their readiness for regulatory application. Developing strategies to evaluate these new technologies and ensuring their appropriate and rapid incorporation into regulatory use is crucial for the regulatory science field to keep pace with advancements and prepare for emerging global challenges. Collaboration between the regulatory community and technology developers is essential to harness collective capabilities for evaluating new assessment tools effectively.
EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Fatemeh Ajalloueian, Priscila R. Guerra, Martin Iain Bahl, Anders Meyer Torp, En Te Hwu, Tine Rask Licht, Anja Boisen
Summary: In this study, encapsulation of the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) into electrospun pullulan nanofibers with PLGA layers showed enhanced viability and successful delivery in vitro and in vivo. The multilayer construct provided increased protection and potential mucoadhesion properties, demonstrating potential for commercial interest in protecting sensitive probiotics from oxygen and gastric conditions.
FOOD HYDROCOLLOIDS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Arielle Vallee Locke, Jeppe Madura Larsen, Katrine Baekby Graversen, Tine Rask Licht, Martin Iain Bahl, Katrine Lindholm Bogh
Summary: The use of antibiotics and changes in the gut microbiota are associated with the development of food allergy in children. However, the administration of the antibiotic amoxicillin does not directly promote the development of food allergy, nor does it affect the frequencies of allergic effector cells or regulatory T cells. This finding suggests that confounding factors may better explain the link between antibiotic use and food allergy.
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Anders Meyer Torp, Martin Iain Bahl, Anja Boisen, Tine Rask Licht
Summary: This article reviews the challenges in developing next generation probiotic products, evaluates the current microbial processing and delivery techniques for oxygen-sensitive probiotics, and discusses possible process optimizations. The current microbial processing techniques are not suitable for next generation probiotics, necessitating the need for optimization or entirely novel approaches. Oral delivery of live next generation probiotics is poorly studied, suggesting the potential for novel delivery vehicles such as microparticles and microdevices.
TRENDS IN FOOD SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Ana Sancho, Tina Birk, Juliane M. Gregersen, Tage Ronne, Sofie E. Hornslet, Anne M. Madsen, Katrine L. Bogh
Summary: This study investigated the variability of microbiota and protein content in birch sap throughout a complete tapping season, as well as the effect of freezing on its shelf life. The results showed that birch sap collected in the beginning of the season had a longer shelf life and contained less protein.
JOURNAL OF FOOD COMPOSITION AND ANALYSIS
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Natalia Zofia Maryniak, Ana Isabel Sancho, Egon Bech Hansen, Katrine Lindholm Bggh
Summary: Cow's milk allergy is the most prevalent type of food allergy among infants. There is a growing demand for more options for infant feeding, especially for the prevention and management of cow's milk allergy. Milk from other mammalian sources and proteins from plant sources have gained increased interest due to their potentially lower allergenicity.
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Anders M. Torp, Khorshid Kamguyan, Juliane F. Christfort, Katja Ann Kristensen, Priscila Guerra, Noemie Daniel, Line Hagner Nielsen, Kinga Zor, Benoit Chassaing, Anja Boisen, Martin Bahl, Tine Rask Licht
Summary: Microcontainers loaded with streptomycin enhanced the proliferation of a resistant E. coli strain in the cecum and colon without affecting the small intestine environment. The application of microcontainers provides new prospects for antibiotic treatment with fewer side effects on nontarget bacterial populations.
APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Allergy
Jeppe Madura Larsen, Anne-Sofie Ravn Ballegaard, Angela Serrano Dominguez, Nanna Jordahn Kristoffersen, Natalia Zofia Maryniak, Arielle Vallee Locke, Sahar Kazemi, Michelle Epstein, Charlotte Bernhard Madsen, Katrine Lindholm Bogh
Summary: This study found that skin barrier dysfunction and inflammation have limited effects on sensitization to gluten-derived hydrolysates.
CONTACT DERMATITIS
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Nicola Prochazkova, Gwen Falony, Lars Ove Dragsted, Tine Rask Licht, Jeroen Raes, Henrik M. Roager
Summary: Accumulating evidence indicates that gut transit time is a key factor in shaping the gut microbiota composition and activity, which are linked to human health. This review discusses the variations in whole gut and segmental transit times, the impact of these variations on the gut microbiota, and the mechanisms by which the gut microbiota may affect gut motility. It argues that considering individual differences in gut transit time can improve our understanding of diet-microbiota interactions and disease-related microbiome signatures.
Article
Allergy
Lisa Hung, Alper Celik, Xiaojun Yin, Kai Yu, Alireza Berenjy, Akash Kothari, Helena Obernolte, Julia E. M. Upton, Katrine Lindholm Bogh, Gino R. Somers, Iram Siddiqui, Martin Grealish, Fayez A. Quereshy, Katherina Sewald, Priscilla P. L. Chiu, Thomas Eiwegger
Summary: This study presents a novel ex vivo model using precision cut intestinal slices to study acute, allergen-specific, IgE-mediated smooth muscle contractions. The model can be used to investigate food allergies and the effects of drugs on allergic responses in the gut.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Anne-Sofie Ravn Ballegaard, Katrine Lindholm Bogh
Summary: Food allergies affect 5-8% of young children and 2-4% of adults, and the prevalence is increasing. The cause of the increase is largely unknown but it may be influenced by environmental and lifestyle factors. Changes in intestinal barrier functions and increased uptake of dietary proteins have been suggested as important factors in food allergies. This review provides an overview of gastrointestinal digestion, intestinal barrier function, and protein uptake, as well as discussing the various routes of protein transport and how they may be affected by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. The knowledge gained from this research could be useful in assessing allergenicity and developing preventive and treatment strategies.
FOOD RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Natalia Zofia Maryniak, Mette Halkjaer Stage, Anne-Sofie Ravn Ballegaard, Ana Isabel Sancho, Egon Bech Hansen, Katrine Lindholm Bogh
Summary: Currently, there are no specific recommendations for using any particular infant formula to prevent cow's milk allergy. There is increasing interest in alternative infant formulas made from milk proteins from animals other than cows, but their ability to prevent cow's milk allergy has not been studied.
MOLECULAR NUTRITION & FOOD RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Tiffany Kirkaldy Spaanager Sztuk, Neil Marcus Rigby, Lasse Norskov-Nielsen, Stef J. Koppelman, Ana Isabel Sancho, Niels-Peter Hell Knudsen, Justin Marsh, Philip Johnson, Shashank Gupta, Alan Robert Mackie, Jeppe Madura Larsen, Katrine Lindholm Bogh
Summary: This study compared the preventive effect of allergen-specific immunotherapy through different routes of peanut allergen delivery in rats. Results showed that high dose oral and sublingual administration, as well as high and medium dose intragastric administration, prevented peanut allergy. Therefore, the route of allergen delivery plays a significant role in preventing peanut allergy.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Anne -Sofie Ravn Ballegaard, Ana Isabel Sancho, Cui Zhou, Niels-Peter Hell Knudsen, Neil Marcus Rigby, Claus Heiner Bang-Berthelsen, Shashank Gupta, Alan Robert Mackie, Mette Lubeck, Kirsten Pilegaard, Katrine Lindholm Bogh
Summary: The popularity of quinoa seeds has increased due to their nutritional value and gluten-free composition. However, quinoa proteins have been found to be moderate to highly immunogenic and allergenic, with cross-reactivity to peanut and tree nut allergens.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Stephanie Ingemann Bisgaard, Long Quang Nguyen, Katrine Lindholm Bogh, Stephan Sylvest Keller
Summary: Microneedle-based sensors have been introduced as a novel strategy for in situ monitoring of biomarkers in the skin. In this study, silicon microneedles with different dimensions and shapes were evaluated for their ability to penetrate the skin. It was found that triangular microneedles require the lowest force for skin penetration.
BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES
(2023)