Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Brian D. Holt, Anne M. Arnold, Stefanie A. Sydlik
Summary: Testing cytocompatibility of 2D nanocarbon materials like graphene oxide needs to consider the impact of settling on experimental results. Despite colloidal stability, functional graphene materials still experience significant gravitational settling, leading to a blanket effect that reduces cell viability.
ADVANCED HEALTHCARE MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Industrial
Peter Hines, Chris Butterworth, Caroline Greenlee, Cheryl Jekiel, Darrin Taylor
Summary: This paper extends the concept of the People Value Stream by exploring the world through a positive psychology employee-centered lens. The authors propose using the Voice of the Employee to enhance Lean knowledge and show how intrinsic motivation can be unlocked through a Self-Development and Growth Cycle. They also highlight the implications for team leaders and senior management in adopting a Servant Leader model and for those developing people-related policies and procedures.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LEAN SIX SIGMA
(2022)
Article
Plant Sciences
Ningyi Zhang, Jochem B. Evers, Niels P. R. Anten, Leo F. M. Marcelis
Summary: Plants growing in dense stands receive light signals of varying strength from all directions, including from below. How plants perceive, integrate, and respond to light signals from below is a major question that needs to be addressed to better understand light-mediated plant interactions in different ecological and agricultural settings.
PLANT CELL AND ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
News Item
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jeff Tollefson
Summary: By mainstreaming fringe ideas, former US President Trump demonstrated new and dangerous techniques for manipulating social and mass media.
Article
Immunology
B. Adam Williams, Charles H. Jones, Verna Welch, Jane M. True
Summary: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic may persist for years to come, and the risk of another pandemic occurring in the future is potentially increasing. Lessons from the current pandemic highlight the importance of strengthening surveillance systems, investing in early-stage research, and diversifying response plans.
Review
Plant Sciences
Michael Bunsick, Rachel McCullough, Peter McCourt, Shelley Lumba
Summary: Small molecule hormones play a central role in plant development by regulating multiple processes. Despite being canalized through a core pathway, the question remains on how different outputs can be produced in various tissues. Recent studies have revealed alternative mechanisms for regulating downstream signaling components, potentially explaining the diverse developmental responses to the same hormone.
CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Anthropology
Anja Simonsen
Summary: Based on fieldwork among Somali men and women in Somaliland, Turkey and Italy, this article examines the interaction between two ways in which identity is created. On one hand, there are the conclusive identities based on clan structures within Somaliland and the immigration officials' establishment of identities through credible documents or fingerprints. On the other hand, social identities are constantly evolving. The article explores the negotiation and articulation of these processes and the limited value of Somali documentation in Europe, reflecting the ambiguous nature of European refugee documentation and fingerprinting.
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Heather Richardson
Summary: Detecting coronavirus in samples from treatment plants can provide early warning of outbreaks and new variants.
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Susan M. McLennon, Nirmala Lekhak
Summary: This study analyzed the impact of the pandemic on caregivers through qualitative analysis of blogs, revealing negative effects such as psychological issues and a need for increased support among caregivers. The findings provide valuable insights for clinicians.
JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING
(2021)
Article
Virology
Pedro Barrera-Lopez, Erika D. Perez-Riveros, Jose Moreno-Montoya, Silvia Marcela Ballesteros, Sergio A. Valencia, Jose A. De la Hoz-Valle
Summary: The clinical manifestations of COVID-19, characterized by endothelial compromise and cytokine storm resulting in multi-organ failure and death, show variability when co-infected with other respiratory viruses. Therefore, thorough testing for other infections and optimizing case analysis is crucial to understand the impact on patient management and prognosis.
JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY
(2021)
Review
International Relations
J. Ann Tickner
Summary: This review essay examines three texts that explore the involvement of women in international thought during the early to mid-20th century. Two of these texts, Women's International Thought: A New History and Women's International Thought: Towards a New Canon, are edited by Patricia Owens and her co-editors. The third text, To Turn the Whole World Over: Black Women and Internationalism, is edited by Keisha Blain and Tiffany Gill. These texts shed light on forgotten women who faced obstacles in academia due to their gender and/or race. They focus on topics such as racism and imperialism, which have been ignored in the field of International Relations. Despite being overlooked in the past, these women provide important insights into international relations.
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS
(2023)
Article
Economics
Adrian Towse, Kalipso Chalkidou, Isobel Firth, Hannah Kettler, Rachel Silverman
Summary: In order to incentivize and fund the development of second and third generation COVID-19 vaccines, a collaborative, market-based financing mechanism called the Benefit-Based Advance Market Commitment (BBAMC) is proposed. This mechanism uses health technology assessment to determine value-based prices and ensures equitable access to vaccines for all populations.
Editorial Material
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Paul Butcher
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a surge of misleading information, prompting social media platforms to take unprecedented steps to moderate and promote official sources, effectively combating misinformation.
NATURE ELECTRONICS
(2021)
Article
Oncology
Olga Lyudovyk, Justin Y. Kim, David Qualls, Madeline A. Hwee, Ya-Hui Lin, Sawsan R. Boutemine, Yuval Elhanati, Alexander Solovyov, Melanie Douglas, Eunise Chen, N. Esther Babady, Lakshmi Ramanathan, Pallavi Vedantam, Chaitanya Bandlamudi, Sigrid Gouma, Philip Wong, Scott E. Hensley, Benjamin Greenbaurn, Alexander C. Huang, Santosha A. Vardhana
Summary: This study analyzes the immune responses of 103 patients with prior COVID-19 infection and finds that delayed viral clearance is associated with antibody loss and increased T cell responses. CD8(+) T cell differentiation and diverse COVID-specific T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire indicate prolonged disease. Conversely, a CD4(+) T cell dominant immunophenotype promotes effective viral clearance and T cell memory development.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rosanna Margalef-Marti, Mathieu Sebilo, Aubin Thibault De Chanvalon, Pierre Anschutz, Celine Charbonnier, Beatrice Lauga, Ivan Gonzalez-Alvarez, Emmanuel Tessier, David Amouroux
Summary: The sulphur cycle plays a crucial role in the distribution of nutrients, but its characteristics in saline endorheic lakes still require further exploration. A study of Gallocanta Lake in Spain reveals that the geological background constrains sulphur cycling, resulting in high sulphate concentrations in the lake bed. The occurrence of bacterial sulphate reduction near the water-sediment interface prevents methane production and release, which is beneficial in the context of global warming.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Clinical Neurology
Hillary V. Ganek, Ada Madubueze, Catherine E. Merritt, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
Summary: This review analyzed the literature on the prevalence of pediatric hearing loss in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). The results showed that approximately 1% of children in LMICs have hearing loss. The study also found that the prevalence of mild and moderate cases of hearing loss is higher, while mixed hearing loss cases are less common.
DEVELOPMENTAL MEDICINE AND CHILD NEUROLOGY
(2023)
Review
Nutrition & Dietetics
Zahra A. Padhani, Jai K. Das, Faareha A. Siddiqui, Rehana A. Salam, Zohra S. Lassi, Durray Shahwar A. Khan, Ammaar M. A. Abbasi, Emily C. Keats, Sajid Soofi, Robert E. Black, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
Summary: This systematic review evaluates the impact of the timing of complementary feeding introduction on health, nutrition, and developmental outcomes among normal-term infants. The findings suggest that early introduction of complementary feeding may increase the risk of higher body mass index, overweight/obesity, and respiratory tract infections. Late introduction of complementary feeding may lead to lower height, body mass index, blood pressure, and increased risk of intestinal helminth infection. However, more robust studies are needed to support these findings and potentially change current recommendations.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Veeraraghavan Balaji, Duy M. M. Dinh, Anne V. V. Kane, Sajid Soofi, Imran Ahmed, Arjumand Rizvi, Meera Chatterjee, Sudhir Babji, Joanne Duara, Joy Moy, Elena N. N. Naumova, Christine A. A. Wanke, Honorine D. D. Ward, Zulfiqar A. A. Bhutta
Summary: This longitudinal study in Sindh, Pakistan found that age, residential location, and intervention had significant effects on the composition, relative abundance, and diversity of the intestinal microbiota in children under 24 months of age. The study highlights the importance of longitudinal studies with larger sample sizes to fully understand the intestinal microbiota of children in resource-limited settings.
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Doris Gonzalez-Fernandez, Simon Cousens, Arjumand Rizvi, Imran Chauhadry, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta
Summary: This study found that socio-economic, nutritional, and infectious factors during infancy are associated with impaired growth in children around 5 years old. The findings emphasize the importance of early public health interventions in preventing growth delay at around 5 years old.
FRONTIERS IN NUTRITION
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Lok Hin Lee, Elizabeth Bradburn, Rachel Craik, Mohammad Yaqub, Shane A. A. Norris, Leila Cheikh Ismail, Eric O. O. Ohuma, Fernando C. C. Barros, Ann Lambert, Maria Carvalho, Yasmin A. A. Jaffer, Michael Gravett, Manorama Purwar, Qingqing Wu, Enrico Bertino, Shama Munim, Aung Myat Min, Zulfiqar Bhutta, Jose Villar, Stephen H. H. Kennedy, J. Alison Noble, Aris T. T. Papageorghiou
Summary: Accurate estimation of gestational age is crucial for obstetric care. Ultrasound measurement of fetal size is the best method, but its accuracy decreases in the later stages of pregnancy. This study presents a machine learning-based model that estimates gestational age using only ultrasound images. The model outperforms current ultrasound-based methods, even in cases of intrauterine growth restriction.
NPJ DIGITAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Supriya Bhavnani, Theresa S. Betancourt, Mark Tomlinson, Vikram Patel
Summary: With the sustainable development goals, global child health has shifted focus from reducing mortality to improving health, nutrition, and development outcomes, which are measured as human capital. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), which include environmental exposures, have been found to have negative consequences on health and development. These effects can be magnified, especially during critical periods of sensitivity and developmental plasticity, and are exacerbated by global threats like climate change and conflict. This review explores the mechanisms linking ACEs to health outcomes and discusses strategies for prevention and mitigation, with a focus on low- and middle-income countries.
Review
Pediatrics
Li Jiang, Xuan Li, Jia Nie, Kun Tang, Zulfiqar A. A. Bhutta
Summary: This study presents the prevalence and characteristics of long-term clinical features in pediatric COVID-19 patients globally, finding that 16.2% of over 15,000 children experienced one or more persistent symptoms at least 3 months post COVID-19. Female gender may be associated with certain long COVID symptoms. Limitations include variations in the definition, follow-up duration, and method, as well as potential nonresponse and bias.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Anushka Ataullahjan, Amira Khan, Muhammad Islam, Rehman Tahir, Saeed Anwar, Imran Ahmed, Ahmed Nauman, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
Summary: Improvements in the health of newborns, children, and women in Pakistan are crucial. Access to essential health strategies for maternal and child health, such as immunization and nutrition interventions, is limited. Therefore, it is important to deliver effective and feasible nutrition and immunization services, and increase demand and uptake of these services.
Article
Immunology
Muhammad Atif Habib, Farhana Tabassum, Imtiaz Hussain, Tooba Jawed Khan, Nazia Syed, Fariha Shaheen, Sajid Bashir Soofi, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta
Summary: Pakistan still faces challenges in eliminating poliovirus transmission despite extensive efforts. Misconceptions about polio vaccines have hindered vaccination efforts. A study was conducted to assess knowledge and attitudes towards polio and immunizations in high-risk areas of Pakistan. The findings reveal a high level of awareness about polio, but misconceptions about the vaccine persist. Addressing these gaps can contribute to the success of the polio eradication program in Pakistan.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Hamada S. Badr, Josh M. Colston, Nhat-Lan H. Nguyen, Yen Ting Chen, Eleanor Burnett, Syed Asad Ali, Ajit Rayamajhi, Syed M. Satter, Nguyen Van Trang, Daniel Eibach, Ralf Krumkamp, Juergen May, Ayola Akim Adegnika, Gedeon Prince Manouana, Peter Gottfried Kremsner, Roma Chilengi, Luiza Hatyoka, Amanda K. Debes, Jerome Ateudjieu, Abu S. G. Faruque, M. Jahangir Hossain, Suman Kanungo, Karen L. Kotloff, Inacio Mandomando, M. Imran Nisar, Richard Omore, Samba O. Sow, Anita K. M. Zaidi, Nathalie Lambrecht, Bright Adu, Nicola Page, James A. Platts-Mills, Cesar Mavacala Freitas, Tuula Pelkonen, Per Ashorn, Kenneth Maleta, Tahmeed Ahmed, Pascal Bessong, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Carl Mason, Estomih Mduma, Maribel P. Olortegui, Pablo Penataro Yori, Aldo A. M. Lima, Gagandeep Kang, Jean Humphrey, Robert Ntozini, Andrew J. Prendergast, Kazuhisa Okada, Warawan Wongboot, Nina Langeland, Sabrina J. Moyo, James Gaensbauer, Mario Melgar, Matthew Freeman, Anna N. Chard, Vonethalom Thongpaseuth, Eric Houpt, Benjamin F. Zaitchik, Margaret N. Kosek
Summary: This study aimed to model the spatiotemporal variation in paediatric Shigella infection and predict its prevalence across low-income and middle-income countries. The findings revealed the association between Shigella and climatological factors, with sub-Saharan Africa being a high-risk region for transmission. These findings can guide prioritization of populations for future vaccine trials and campaigns.
LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Rajat Das Gupta, Shams Shabab Haider, Md. Nasim Saba Nishat, Supantha Dey, Maxwell Akonde, Mohammad Rifat Haider
Summary: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of abdominal obesity in the South Asian population. Nationally representative surveys were used, including adults aged 18-69 years from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, and Sri Lanka, with a total of 26,758 adults included in the study. The overall prevalence of abdominal obesity ranged from 30.1% in Nepal to 53.3% in Afghanistan. Increased age, female gender, and overweight/obesity were identified as factors associated with abdominal obesity in all five countries.
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-HEIDELBERG
(2023)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Anam Shahil Feroz, Salima Nazim Meghani, Haleema Yasmin, Sarah Saleem, Zulfiqar Bhutta, Hajraa Arshad, Emily Seto
Summary: This study aims to explore the perspectives and perceived acceptability of a mobile phone-based telemonitoring program among caregivers for high-risk pregnant women in low-middle income countries. All caregivers embraced the program and perceived benefits such as reduced anxiety and workload, increased convenience, and cost-effectiveness. However, some caregivers raised concerns about the ability of certain individuals to use the program and the poor acceptance among less educated and non-tech savvy families.
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Assad Hafeez, William James Dangel, Samuel M. Ostroff, Ayyaz Gul Kiani, Scott D. Glenn, Jaffar Abbas, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Saira Afzal, Sajjad Ahmad, Ali Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Liaqat Ali, Muhammad Ali, Zahid Ali, Muhammad Arshad, Tahira Ashraf, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Sadia Bibi, Zahid A. Butt, Jai K. Das, Zehra Fadoo, Asif Hanif, Khezar Hayat, Ayesha Humayun, Khalid Iqbal, Usman Iqbal, Nauman Khalid, Ejaz Ahmad Khan, Muhammad Shahzeb Khan, Ahmad Azam Malik, Muhammad Naveed, Shumaila Naz, Robina Khan Niazi, Zahra Zahid Piracha, Umar Saeed, Muhammad Salman, Zainab Samad, Muhammad Arif Nadeem Saqib, Syed Mahboob Shah, Izza Shahid, Masood Ali Shaikh, Hina Shamshad, Kanwar Hamza Shuja, Muhammad Suleman, Anayat Ullah, Irfan Ullah, Saif Ullah, Sana Ullah, Yasir Waheed, Abdul Waris, Simon Hay, Christopher J. L. Murray, Ali H. Mokdad
Summary: The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 provides comprehensive estimates for Pakistan, highlighting improvements in life expectancy but persistent disparities. Key health risks include malnutrition, air pollution, high blood pressure, dietary risks, and tobacco consumption.
LANCET GLOBAL HEALTH
(2023)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Keiko Marshall, Philippa Beaden, Hammad Durrani, Kun Tang, Roman Mogilevskii, Zulfiqar Bhutta
Summary: The study conducted six systematic reviews on the involvement of the for-profit private sector in the prevention and management of NCDs in LMICs. The results were synthesized and analyzed in six important areas, revealing the significant roles of the private sector in public-private partnerships, governance and policy, healthcare provision, innovation, knowledge education, and investment and finance.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF QUALITATIVE STUDIES ON HEALTH AND WELL-BEING
(2023)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Rajat Das Gupta, Animesh Talukder, Md Belal Hossain, Maxwell Akonde, Gulam Muhammed Al Kibria
Summary: The prevalence and associated factors of hypertension in South Africa were analyzed using the data from the 2016 South Africa Demographic and Health Survey. The study found that according to the 2017 ACC/AHA and JNC7 guidelines, the prevalence of hypertension in South Africa was 75.0% and 50.4% respectively. Factors such as age, overweight, obesity, urban residence, and province were significantly associated with hypertension according to the ACC/AHA 2017 guideline. There was no significant association found between hypertension and sex or wealth index.
JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH-HEIDELBERG
(2023)
