Giant renormalization of dopant impurity levels in 2D semiconductor MoS2

Substitutional doping in 2D semiconductor MoS2 was investigated by charge transition level (CTL) calculations for Nitrogen group (N, P, As, Sb) and Halogen group (F, Cl, Br, I) dopants at the S site of monolayer MoS2. Both n-type and p-type dopant levels are calculated to be deep mid-gap states (similar to 1 eV from band edges) from DFT total energy-based CTL and separate DFT +GW calculations. The deep dopant levels result from the giant renormalization of hydrogen-like defect states by reduced dielectric screening in ultrathin 2D films. Theoretical analysis based on Keldysh formulation provides a consistent impurity binding energy of similar to 1 eV for dielectric thin films. These findings of intrinsic deep impurity levels in 2D semiconductors MoS2 may be applicable to diverse novel emerging device applications.