Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anastasia I. I. Palamarchuk, Elena I. I. Kovalenko, Maria A. A. Streltsova
Summary: TERT, as a core component of telomerase, is not only responsible for lengthening telomeres, but also involved in multiple signaling pathways with various intracellular localizations and functions. Upregulation of TERT expression and increased telomerase activity in cancer and somatic cells are associated with improved survival and persistence.
Article
Biology
Hueng-Chuen Fan, Fung-Wei Chang, Jeng-Dau Tsai, Kao-Min Lin, Chuan-Mu Chen, Shinn-Zong Lin, Ching-Ann Liu, Horng-Jyh Harn
Summary: Telomeres cap the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes and are essential for genome protection and replication. The maintenance of telomere length is regulated by various factors and dysfunctions in telomere maintenance and telomerase activation are associated with diseases, particularly cancer. Understanding the molecular mechanisms behind telomere length regulation and protection is crucial for future therapeutic opportunities.
Article
Oncology
Ifra Mushtaq, Gh Rasool Bhat, Bilal Rah, Syed Besina, Sheikh Zahoor, Muneer A. Wani, Mubashir A. Shah, Sadaf Bashir, Muzamil Farooq, Rafiq A. Rather, Dil Afroze
Summary: Genetic instabilities and telomere dysfunction play a crucial role in cancer development, especially gastric cancer. This study evaluates the clinical implications of c-Myc, hTERT expression, and telomere length, shedding light on their significance in gastric cancer progression.
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Geriatrics & Gerontology
Jasmine Harley, Munirah Mohamad Santosa, Chong Yi Ng, Oleg V. Grinchuk, Jin-Hui Hor, Yajing Liang, Valerie Jingwen Lim, Wee Wei Tee, Derrick Sek Tong Ong, Shi-Yan Ng
Summary: This study used hiPSC technology to explore the possibility of inducing aging-associated features in cell types of the CNS. By shortening telomeres, the study found that age-associated characteristics were induced in motor neurons and astrocytes, and highlighted the essential role of TERT and telomere shortening in neural cell proliferation and differentiation.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna A. Plyasova, Dmitry D. Zhdanov
Summary: Alternative splicing of hTERT pre-mRNA regulates telomerase activity and determines cell functions. In addition to telomerase activity regulation, alternative splicing provides cells with splice variants that may have alternative biological activities.
Article
Oncology
Olivier Adotevi, Dewi Vernerey, Pascale Jacoulet, Aurelia Meurisse, Caroline Laheurte, Hamadi Almotlak, Marion Jacquin, Vincent Kaulek, Laura Boullerot, Marine Malfroy, Emeline Orillard, Guillaume Eberst, Aurelie Lagrange, Laure Favier, Marie Gainet-Brun, Ludovic Doucet, Luis Teixeira, Zineb Ghrieb, Anne-Laure Clairet, Yves Guillaume, Marie Kroemer, Didier Hocquet, Melanie Moltenis, Samuel Limat, Elisabeth Quoix, Celine Mascaux, Didier Debieuvre, Christine Fagnoni-Legat, Christophe Borg, Virginie Westeel
Summary: The purpose of this study was to test the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of UCPVax vaccine in patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. The results showed that UCPVax vaccine was highly immunogenic and safe, and achieved interesting 1-year survival rate in advanced NSCLC patients.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Oncology
Gustavo Borges, Melanie Criqui, Lea Harrington
Summary: Telomere maintenance is crucial for the integrity of both normal and cancer cells. The instability of telomeres can lead to genome instability in cancer and aging, but cancer cells can partially overcome this instability by increasing telomerase expression.
MOLECULAR ONCOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Li Tao, Wei Zhang, Yaxin Zhang, Mei Zhang, Yueying Zhang, Xing Niu, Qing Zhao, Zhenxing Liu, Yuyin Li, Aipo Diao
Summary: The study showed that caffeine can promote the expression of TERT to extend telomere length and prevent cellular senescence. In animal studies, caffeine also reversed the decline in organ index and improved tissue structure in aging mice. These results suggest that caffeine-containing foods can delay cellular senescence and aging through the expression of TERT.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jeff Sherman, Grant Verstandig, Yisroel Brumer
Summary: Advancements in biotechnology and machine learning have created a conducive environment for exploring relationships between genomic and epigenetic data with potential therapeutic implications. The study found that CRISPR knockout has strong efficacy in inhibiting growth of tumor cells with varying levels of TERT expression, providing key biomarkers for therapeutic efficacy and potential pathways for drug development. These findings further support the potential of artificial intelligence in oncology.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tsung-Jang Yeh, Chi-Wen Luo, Jeng-Shiun Du, Chien-Tzu Huang, Min-Hung Wang, Tzer-Ming Chuang, Yuh-Ching Gau, Shih-Feng Cho, Yi-Chang Liu, Hui-Hua Hsiao, Li-Tzong Chen, Mei-Ren Pan, Hui-Ching Wang, Sin-Hua Moi
Summary: Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are a major global malignancy. Telomerase reactivation through TERT promoter mutations has been linked to carcinogenesis. These mutations have high frequencies in HNCs and are associated with poor survival. Therapies targeting telomerase have been developed, but few have reached clinical trials. This review summarizes the current understanding and evidence of TERT promoter mutations in HNC patients.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shuang Li, Qian Xin, Guangyao Fang, Yi Deng, Fengyuan Yang, Chenming Qiu, Yongjian Yang, Cong Lan
Summary: Physical exercise can prevent cardiac hypertrophy by upregulating mitochondrial TERT expression. Overexpression of mitochondrial-targeted TERT improves mitochondrial dysfunction and reduces oxidative stress, leading to the attenuation of cardiac hypertrophy.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2024)
Review
Cell Biology
Ruozhu Yang, Yi Han, Xinyu Guan, Yue Hong, Jiahao Meng, Shirong Ding, Qian Long, Wenjun Yi
Summary: TERT is an essential enzyme responsible for telomere maintenance and genome stability. In breast cancer, the overactivation of hTERT plays a critical role in tumor initiation and progression. Understanding the mechanisms of hTERT activation in cancer could lead to improved understanding of the disease and the development of more effective treatment strategies.
CELL COMMUNICATION AND SIGNALING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Medicinal
Lin Zhu, Zhenchao Liu, Yuqian Ren, Xiaolin Wu, Yingjuan Liu, Tingting Wang, Yizhao Li, Yusheng Cong, Yunliang Guo
Summary: Salidroside isolated from Rhodiola rosea L has been found to have potential therapeutic effects on hippocampal neuron senescence and injury. It can increase cell viability, reduce beta-galactosidase levels, improve cognition dysfunction in ageing mice, and alleviate neuronal degeneration in the CA1 region of ageing mice. Additionally, salidroside may exert its protective effects through reducing oxidative stress levels, inhibiting p21 and p16 protein expressions, and promoting telomerase reverse transcriptase protein expression.
PHYTOTHERAPY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Zhiwen Liu, Li Zhang, Wen Chen, Fenqian Yuan, Zhi Yang, Sheng Liu, Fei Le
Summary: In this study, it was found that miR-195-5p regulates cell proliferation, apoptosis, and invasion in human thyroid cancer by interacting with TERT. Overexpression of miR-195-5p inhibits proliferation and invasion, and promotes apoptosis, effects that can be reversed by the overexpression of TERT. This suggests that miR-195-5p may serve as a potential therapeutic target for human thyroid cancer.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Tsimur N. Hasanau, Eduard P. Pisarev, Olga V. Kisil, Maria E. Zvereva
Summary: The review discusses the role of telomeres and telomerase in tumor progression, as well as the different mechanisms of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) activation in CNS tumors and other cancers. The main mechanism involves somatic mutations in the TERT gene promoter (TERTp). The article presents information on the structure of TERTp and the transcription factors that interact with it and regulate its transcription. The potential use of TERTp mutational status as a prognostic marker for CNS malignancies and other tumors with common TERTp mutations is also discussed.
BIOCHEMISTRY-MOSCOW
(2023)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Tomasz Wollny, Marzena Watek, Urszula Wnorowska, Ewelina Piktel, Stanislaw Gozdz, Krzysztof Kurek, Przemyslaw Wolak, Grzegorz Krol, Malgorzata Zendzian-Piotrowska, Robert Bucki
Summary: Plasma gelsolin and S1P levels decrease significantly in patients with acute pancreatitis, while low gelsolin levels in plasma are associated with higher concentrations of CRP, WBC, amylase, and lipase. No correlations were found between PCT and PLT levels with gelsolin concentration.
DIGESTIVE DISEASES AND SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Barbara Jarzab, Marek Dedecjus, Andrzej Lewinski, Zbigniew Adamczewski, Elwira Bakula-Zalewska, Agata Baldys-Waligorska, Marcin Barczynski, Magdalena Biskup-Fruzynska, Barbara Bobek-Billewicz, Artur Bossowski, Monika Buziak-Bereza, Ewa Chmielik, Agnieszka Czarniecka, Rafal Czepczynski, Jaroslaw Cwikla, Katarzyna Dobruch-Sobczak, Janusz Dzieciol, Aneta Gawlik, Jacek Gawrychowski, Daria Handkiewicz-Junak, Jerzy Harasymczuk, Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk, Joanna Januszkiewicz-Caulier, Michal Jarzab, Krzysztof Kaczka, Michal Kalemba, Grzegorz Kaminski, Malgorzata Karbownik-Lewinska, Andrzej Kawecki, Aneta Kluczewska-Galka, Agnieszka Kolasinska-Cwikla, Magdalena Kolton, Aleksander Konturek, Beata Kos-Kudla, Agnieszka Kotecka-Blicharz, Aldona Kowalska, Jolanta Krajewska, Andrzej Kram, Leszek Krolicki, Aleksandra Kukulska, Michal Kusinski, Krzysztof Kuzdak, Dariusz Lange, Aleksandra Ledwon, Ewa Malecka-Tendera, Przemyslaw Mankowski, Bartosz Migda, Marek Niedziela, Malgorzata Oczko-Wojciechowska, Dariusz Polnik, Lech Pomorski, Marek Ruchala, Konrad Samborski, Anna Skowronska-Szczesniak, Agata Stanek-Widera, Ewa Stobiecka, Zoran Stojcev, Magdalena Suchorzepka-Simek, Anhelli Syrenicz, Ewelina Szczepanek-Parulska, Malgorzata Trofimiuk-Muldner, Andrzej Tysarowski, Andrzej Wygoda, Klaudia Zajkowska, Ewa Zembala-Nozynska, Agnieszka Zylka
Summary: The "Thyroid Cancer 2022" guidelines are based on previous Polish recommendations and consider international guidelines such as ATA 2015 and NCCN. The changes in the Polish recommendations include the inclusion of international guidelines and scientifically proven studies. These changes allow for a personalized approach in low-risk thyroid carcinoma treatment, update the criteria for preoperative diagnosis, and provide updated rules for postoperative treatment and monitoring. The focus is on maintaining treatment efficacy while ensuring the best possible quality of life for patients after thyroid cancer treatment.
ENDOKRYNOLOGIA POLSKA
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Justyna Miszczyk, Aleksander Galas, Agnieszka Panek, Aldona Kowalska, Magdalena Kostkiewicz, Eliza Borkowska, Kamil Brudecki
Summary: This study investigated the genotoxic effects in hospital employees exposed to I-131 and Tc-99m radiation and compared them with a control group. The results showed differences in physical dosimetry and DNA damage between the exposed and control groups. Physical activity and smoking status also played a role in the observed differences.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Artur Kuchareczko, Janusz Kopczynski, Artur Kowalik, Kinga Hincza-Nowak, Agnieszka Walczyk, Iwona Palyga, Tomasz Trybek, Monika Szymonek, Danuta Gasior-Perczak, Klaudia Gadawska-Juszczyk, Estera Mikina, Izabela Plachta, Agnieszka Suligowska, Agnieszka Plusa, Magdalena Chrapek, Tomasz Lopatynski, Stanislaw Gozdz, Aldona Kowalska
Summary: This study examined the impact of BRAF(V600E) and TERT hotspot mutations on Polish patients with PTMC. Regardless of the presence of these mutations, the overall response to treatment and long-term disease-free survival rates were excellent.
Article
Oncology
Piotr Donizy, Mateusz Krzyzinski, Anna Markiewicz, Pawel Karpinski, Krzysztof Kotowski, Artur Kowalik, Jolanta Orlowska-Heitzman, Bozena Romanowska-Dixon, Przemyslaw Biecek, Mai P. Hoang
Summary: The study aims to identify a cost-effective prognostic tool for risk stratification in uveal melanoma patients using machine learning models based on routine histologic and clinical variables. The results show that routine histologic and clinical variables are sufficient for patient risk stratification, without the need for molecular assays.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF CANCER
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Kinga Hincza-Nowak, Artur Kowalik, Agnieszka Walczyk, Iwona Palyga, Danuta Gasior-Perczak, Agnieszka Plusa, Janusz Kopczynski, Magdalena Chrapek, Stanislaw Gozdz, Aldona Kowalska
Summary: Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare malignancy and the treatment of metastatic MTC is challenging. Previous research has identified CD276 as a potential target for immunotherapy in MTC. Immunohistochemistry analysis confirmed higher expression of CD276 in MTC tissues compared to controls. The study suggests that targeting CD276 could be a promising strategy for MTC treatment.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Jacek J. Sznurkowski, Janusz Rys, Artur Kowalik, Agnieszka Zolciak-Siwinska, Lubomir Bodnar, Anita Chudecka-Glaz, Pawel Blecharz, Aleksandra Zielinska, Andrzej Marszalek, Mariusz Bidzinski, Wlodzimierz Sawicki
Summary: Due to the heterogeneous nature of endometrial carcinoma, the Polish Society of Gynecological Oncology (PSGO) has developed new guidelines to summarize the current evidence for diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of the disease and to provide evidence-based recommendations for clinical practice.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Jolanta Smok-Kalwat, Grzegorz Chmielewski, Rafal Stando, Jacek Sadowski, Pawel Macek, Artur Kowalik, Ewelina Nowak-Ozimek, Stanislaw Gozdz
Summary: Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA) is a well-known oncogene in breast cancer patients. This study compared the clinical characteristics of breast cancer patients with PIK3CA mutation to those without the mutation. The presence of PIK3CA mutation was associated with older age at diagnosis, lower expression of Ki67 protein, higher percentage of tumors expressing progesterone receptors, and notably higher incidence of metastatic disease at presentation. There were no significant differences in overall and progression-free survival between the two groups.
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tomasz Bednarczuk, Dariusz Kajdaniuk, Bogdan Marek, Marek Bolanowski, Marek Dedecjus, Aleksandra Gilis-Januszewska, Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk, Barbara Jarzab, Roman Junik, Grzegorz Kaminski, Beata Kos-Kudla, Aldona Kowalska, Andrzej Lewinski, Beata Matyjaszek-Matuszek, Marek Ruchala, Lucyna Sieminska, Krzysztof Sworczak, Anhelli Syrenicz, Wojciech Zgliczynski
Summary: Medical practitioners should be aware of the potential adverse effects associated with the use of iodinated contrast media (ICM). Contrast-induced nephropathy is the most common adverse effect, while thyroidal adverse reactions remain a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge.
ENDOKRYNOLOGIA POLSKA
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Beata Kos-Kudla, Wanda Foltyn, Anna Malczewska, Tomasz Bednarczuk, Marek Bolanowski, Malgorzata Borowska, Ewa Chmielik, Jaroslaw B. Cwikla, Iwona Gisterek, Daria Handkiewicz-Junak, Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk, Michal Jarzab, Roman Junik, Dariusz Kajdaniuk, Grzegorz Kaminski, Agnieszka Kolasinska-Cwikla, Aldona Kowalska, Leszek Krolicki, Maciej Krzakowski, Jolanta Kunikowska, Katarzyna Kusnierz, Andrzej Lewinski, Lukasz Liszka, Magdalena Londzin-Olesik, Bogdan Marek, Anna Nasierowska-Guttmejer, Ewa Nowakowska-Dulawa, Marianne E. Pavel, Joanna Pilch-Kowalczyk, Jaroslaw Regula, Violetta Rosiek, Marek Ruchala, Grazyna Rydzewska, Lucyna Sieminska, Anna Sowa-Staszczak, Teresa Starzynska, Zoran Stojcev, Janusz Strzelczyk, Michal Studniarek, Anhelli Syrenicz, Marek Szczepkowski, Ewa Wachula, Wojciech Zajecki, Anna Zemczak, Wojciech Zgliczynski, Krzysztof Zieniewicz, Barbara Jarzqb
Summary: This article presents general recommendations for the management of neuroendocrine neoplasms and outlines various management strategies for different types of NENs based on expert research results, aiming to provide the optimal treatment for NENs patients.
ENDOKRYNOLOGIA POLSKA
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Tomasz Bednarczuk, Anna Zemczak, Marek Bolanowski, Malgorzata Borowska, Ewa Chmielik, Jaroslaw B. Cwikla, Wanda Foltyn, Iwona Gisterek, Daria Handkiewicz-Junak, Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk, Michal Jarzab, Roman Junik, Dariusz Kajdaniuk, Grzegorz Kaminski, Agnieszka Kolasinska-Cwikla, Karolina Kopacz-Wrobel, Aldona Kowalska, Leszek Krolicki, Jolanta Kunikowska, Katarzyna Kusnierz, Andrzej Lewinski, Lukasz Liszka, Magdalena Londzin-Olesik, Bogdan Marek, Anna Malczewska, Anna Nasierowska-Guttmejer, Ewa Nowakowska-Dulawa, Marianne E. Pavel, Joanna Pilch-Kowalczyk, Jaroslaw Regula, Violetta Rosiek, Marek Ruchala, Grazyna Rydzewska, Lucyna Sieminska, Anna Sowa-Staszczak, Teresa Starzynska, Zoran Stojcev, Janusz Strzelczyk, Michal Studniarek, Anhelli Syrenicz, Marek Szczepkowski, Ewa Wachula, Wojciech Zajecki, Wojciech Zgliczynski, Krzysztof Zieniewicz, Beata Kos-Kudla
Summary: This article presents updated Polish recommendations for the management of patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms of the small intestine and appendix. The small intestine, particularly the ileum, is a common location for these tumors, most of which are well-differentiated and slow-growing. Various imaging and laboratory diagnostic methods can be used for diagnosis, with surgery being the preferred treatment option. Long-acting somatostatin analogues play a crucial role in the medical treatment of both functional and non-functional tumors.
ENDOKRYNOLOGIA POLSKA
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Grazyna Rydzewska, Janusz Strzelczyk, Tomasz Bednarczuk, Marek Bolanowski, Malgorzata Borowska, Ewa Chmielik, Jaroslaw B. Cwikla, Wanda Foltyn, Iwona Gisterek, Daria Handkiewicz-Junak, Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk, Ksenia Janas, Michal Jarzab, Roman Junik, Dariusz Kajdaniuk, Grzegorz Kaminski, Agnieszka Kolasinska-Cwikla, Magorzata Kolos, Aldona Kowalska, Leszek Krolicki, Jolanta Kunikowska, Katarzyna Kusnierz, Andrzej Lewinski, Lukasz Liszka, Magdalena Londzin-Olesik, Bogdan Marek, Anna Malczewska, Anna Nasierowska-Guttmejer, Ewa Nowakowska-Dulawa, Marianne E. Pavel, Joanna Pilch-Kowalczyk, Jaroslaw Regula, Violetta Rosiek, Marek Ruchala, Lucyna Sieminska, Anna Sowa-Staszczak, Teresa Starzynska, Zoran Stojcev, Michal Studniarek, Anhelli Syrenicz, Marek Szczepkowski, Ewa Wachula, Wojciech Zajecki, Anna Zemczak, Wojciech Zgliczynski, Krzysztof Zieniewicz, Beata Kos-Kudla
Summary: Updated recommendations for the management of patients with gastric and duodenal neuroendocrine neoplasms, including gastrinoma, have been issued by the Polish Network of Neuroendocrine Tumours. The recommendations cover the epidemiology, diagnostic procedures, therapeutic management, and the importance of patient monitoring.
ENDOKRYNOLOGIA POLSKA
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Beata Kos-Kudla, Violetta Roseiek, Malgorzata Borowska, Tomasz Bednarczuk, Marek Bolanowski, Ewa Chmielik, Jaroslaw B. Cwikla, Wanda Foltyn, Iwona Gisterek, Daria Handkiewicz-Junak, Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk, Michal Jarzab, Roman Junik, Dariusz Kajdaniuk, Grzegorz Kaminski, Agnieszka Kolasinska-Cwikla, Aldona Kowalska, Leszek Krolicki, Jolanta Kunikowska, Katarzyna Kusnierz, Andrzej Lewinski, Lukasz Liszka, Magdalena Londzin-Olesik, Bogdan Marek, Anna Malczewska, Anna Nasierowska-Guttmejer, Ewa Nowakowska-Dulawa, Marianne E. Pavel, Joanna Pilch-Kowalczyk, Jaroslaw Regula, Marek Ruchala, Grazyna Rydzewska, Lucyna Sieminska, Anna Sowa-Staszczak, Teresa Starzynska, Zoran Stojcev, Janusz Strzelczyk, Michal Studniarek, Anhelli Syrenicz, Marek Szczepkowski, Ewa Wachula, Wojciech Zajecki, Anna Zemczak, Wojciech Zgliczynski, Krzysztof Zieniewicz
Summary: This paper presents the guidelines for the diagnostics and management of pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNENs) developed by Polish experts. It includes biochemical tests, molecular identification, imaging diagnostics, and pharmacological management.
ENDOKRYNOLOGIA POLSKA
(2022)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Teresa Starzynska, Magdalena Londzin-Olesik, Tomasz Bednarczuk, Marek Bolanowski, Malgorzata Borowska, Ewa Chmielik, Jaroslaw B. Cwikla, Wanda Foltyn, Iwona Gisterek, Daria Handkiewicz-Junak, Alicja Hubalewska-Dydejczyk, Michal Jarzab, Roman Junik, Dariusz Kajdaniuk, Grzegorz Kaminski, Agnieszka Kolasinska-Cwikla, Aldona Kowalska, Leszek Krolicki, Jolanta Kunikowska, Katarzyna Kusnierz, Andrzej Lewinski, Lukasz Liszka, Bogdan Marek, Anna Malczewska, Anna Nasierowska-Guttmejer, Ewa Nowakowska-Dulawa, Marianne E. Pavel, Joanna Pilch-Kowalczyk, Jaroslaw Regula, Violetta Rosiek, Marek Ruchala, Grazyna Rydzewska, Lucyna Sieminska, Anna Sowa-Staszczak, Zoran Stojcev, Janusz Strzelczyk, Michal Studniarek, Anhelli Syrenicz, Marek Szczepkowski, Ewa Wachula, Wojciech Zajecki, Anna Zemczak, Wojciech Zgliczynski, Krzysztof Zieniewicz, Beata Kos-Kudla
Summary: Colorectal neuroendocrine neoplasms (CRNENs), especially rectal tumors, are being diagnosed more frequently due to the widespread use of colonoscopy, including screening examinations. It is important to constantly update and promote the optimal principles of diagnostics and treatment for these tumors.
ENDOKRYNOLOGIA POLSKA
(2022)
