期刊
WATER RESEARCH
卷 174, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115594
关键词
Sulfidation; Nano zerovalent iron; Dithionite; Groundwater; Chlorinated VOCs; In situ remediation
资金
- CH2M Canada Limited
- Dow Chemical
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) Remediation Education Network (RENEW) Program
- NSERC Industrial Postgraduate Scholarship
- NSERC Collaborative Research and Development (CRD) Grant [CRDPJ 530665 -18]
- NSERC Discovery Grant
Sulfidated nano zerovalent iron (S-nZVI), stabilized with carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), was successfully synthesized on site and injected into the subsurface at a site contaminated with a broad range of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (cVOCs). Transport of CMC-S-nZVI to the monitoring wells, both downgradient and upgradient, resulted in a significant decrease in concentrations of aqueous-phase cVOCs. Short-term (0-17 days) total boron and chloride measurements indicated dilution and displacement in these wells. Importantly however, compound specific isotope analysis (CSIA), changes in concentrations of intermediates, and increase in ethene concentrations confirmed dechlorination of cVOCs. Dissolution from the DNAPL pool into the aqueous phase at the deepest levels (4.0-4.5 m bgs) was identifiable from the increased cVOCs concentrations during long-term monitoring. However, at the uppermost levels (similar to 1.5 m above the source zone) a contrasting trend was observed indicating successful dechlorination. Changes in cVOCs concentrations and CSIA data suggest both sequential hydrogenolysis as well as reductive beta-elimination as the possible transformation mechanisms during the short-term abiotic and long-term biotic dechlorination. One of the most positive outcomes of this CMC-S-nZVI field treatment is the non-accumulation of lower chlorinated VOCs, particularly vinyl chloride. Post-treatment soil cores also revealed significant decreases in cVOCs concentrations throughout the targeted treatment zones. Results from this field study show that sulfidation is a suitable amendment for developing more efficient nZVI-based in situ remediation technologies. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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