Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Manaswini Dehuri, Mitraranjan Panda, Niranjan Sahoo, Bijayendranath Mohanty, Bikash Behera
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of Theileria annulata in ticks collected from coastal districts of Odisha, India. The overall prevalence of the parasite in tick vectors was 14.6%, with significantly higher detection rates in female ticks compared to male ticks. This is the first report of detection of the parasite in tick vectors in Odisha.
ANIMAL BIOTECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Pradeep K. Ram, Shanker K. Singh, Ashish Srivastava, Gulshan Kumar, Amit K. Jaiswa, Brijesh Yadav, Satish K. Garg
Summary: The study evaluated the potential of using injectable trace minerals for sick animals and found that this treatment strategy has a positive effect on improving cytokine levels in Theileria annulata-infected calves.
BIOLOGICAL TRACE ELEMENT RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Shweta Murthy, Akash Suresh, Debabrata Dandasena, Sakshi Singh, Madhusmita Subudhi, Vasundhra Bhandari, Vandna Bhanot, Jaspreet Singh Arora, Paresh Sharma
Summary: Accurate quantification of pathogens is crucial for preventing their spread. Droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) is a highly effective method for absolute parasite quantification. In this study, ddPCR was shown to be as effective as qPCR in detecting and quantifying Theileria parasites, but more sensitive at lower parasite DNA concentrations. The ddPCR method was highly accurate and reproducible, making it a valuable resource for various applications.
Article
Parasitology
Rupesh Verma, Giridhari Das, Suman Kumar, Subhradal Nath, Ajay Rai, Ashish Soni, Sanju Mandal
Summary: The present study aimed to investigate an outbreak of Theileria annulata infection in a dairy cattle farm in Madhya Pradesh, India, using clinical and molecular techniques. The study found a high prevalence of T. annulata infection in the farm, with different PCR techniques showing positive results in a significant proportion of the samples. Genetic analysis revealed the evolutionary history and population dynamics of T. annulata in India. The study emphasizes the importance of prompt diagnosis and management of T. annulata outbreaks for improving disease control strategies.
PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Khawla Elati, Erich Zweygarth, Moez Mhadhbi, Mohamed Aziz Darghouth, Ard M. Nijhof
Summary: In this study, the ability of T. annulata strains to adapt and grow in serum-free media was evaluated. Freshly isolated cells can be propagated, frozen, and thawed in serum-free media such as ISF-1, but once cells are adapted to cultivation in the presence of FBS or resuscitated from frozen storage, propagation in serum-free media may not perform as well as cultivation in RPMI-FBS.
FRONTIERS IN VETERINARY SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Parasitology
Sumnil Marwaha, Basanti Brar, Vinod Kumar Jain, Rachna Poonia, Minakshi Prasad
Summary: Theileriosis is a tick-borne disease that causes significant losses in the dairy industry. This study standardized and evaluated a multiplex PCR assay for rapid and simultaneous differential detection of two species of Theileria, namely Theileria annulata and Theileria orientalis. The assay proved to be specific and sensitive, with no cross-reactivity with other hemoprotozoa. The detection of mixed infections and the identification of T. orientalis in Haryana, India were significant findings.
PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Harshini Sheeja Prabhakaran, Karukriti Kaushik Ghosh, Rashmi Rekha Kumari, Pankaj Kumar, Manish Kumar
Summary: This study investigated serological methods for the diagnosis of theileriosis in crossbred cattle, confirming that Theileria annulata is the primary causative agent of theileriosis in cattle in the Bihar region. Additionally, Anaplasma marginale infection was also confirmed through gene amplification. The study developed a sensitive and specific ELISA using a partial r-Spm2 antigen for seroepidemiological studies of T. annulata infection in crossbred cattle.
TICKS AND TICK-BORNE DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Umer Chaudhry, Qasim Ali, Lynn Zheng, Imran Rashid, Muhammad Zubair Shabbir, Muhammad Numan, Kamran Ashraf, Mike Evans, Shahzad Rafiq, Muhammad Oneeb, Liam J. Morrison, W. Ivan Morrison, Neil D. Sargison
Summary: The study found differences in genetic diversity of T. annulata between cattle and buffalo populations, with high levels of genetic diversity among the T. annulata populations from both species. The predominance of multiple parasite genotypes and multiple introductions of infection may have practical implications for the spread of parasite genetic adaptations.
TICKS AND TICK-BORNE DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Anil Kumar Nehra, Ansu Kumari, Aman Dev Moudgil, Sukhdeep Vohra
Summary: This study investigated the genetic diversity of T. annulata and identified other Theileria spp. sequences through analysis of 18S rRNA gene sequences in GenBank. It was found that some sequences previously identified as T. annulata were misidentified, and a high level of sequence conservation was observed in the 18S rRNA gene of T. annulata and T. orientalis sequences.
BMC VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Parasitology
Tianxing Cao, Junlong Liu, Zhi Li, Kangyan Shi, Miao Shi, Youquan Li, Guiquan Guan, Hong Yin, Jianxun Luo
Summary: A real-time quantitative PCR diagnostic method targeting the TA19140 gene was successfully developed for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of bovine Theileria infection, which will greatly contribute to the control and diagnosis of tropical theileriosis.
PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Valentina Chisu, Elisa Serra, Cipriano Foxi, Giovanna Chessa, Giovanna Masala
Summary: In this study, Babesia and Theileria infections were investigated in 152 blood samples from Sardinian mammals using PCR and sequencing. It was found that Babesia bigemina and Theileria orientalis/sergenti/buffeli were present in cattle, while Theileria equi was found in horses. Additionally, Theileria annulata was detected in cattle in Sardinia for the first time. These findings contribute to the epidemiological understanding of piroplasm infections and highlight the need for further research to determine the prevalence of Babesia and Theileria infections in Sardinia.
VETERINARY SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Asia Parveen, Abeer Mousa Alkhaibari, Muhammad Asif, Hamdan I. Almohammed, Zahra Naqvi, Adil Khan, Munir Aktas, Sezayi Ozubek, Muhammad Farooq, Furhan Iqbal
Summary: Pakistan is a tropical country with a high incidence of tick-borne diseases, particularly affecting the livestock sector. A study comparing the infection rate of Theileria annulata in cattle from two regions in Pakistan found higher prevalence in Dera Ghazi Khan. Large-scale tick and tick-borne disease control strategies are recommended for both districts, especially in Dera Ghazi Khan.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Khawla Elati, Shahin Tajeri, Isaiah Obara, Moez Mhadhbi, Erich Zweygarth, Mohamed Aziz Darghouth, Ard Menzo Nijhof
Summary: This study conducted a transcriptome analysis of attenuated and virulent Theileria annulata, revealing differentially expressed genes and metabolic pathways associated with attenuation. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the attenuation process and the identification of biomarkers.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Review
Microbiology
Consuelo Almazan, Ruth C. Scimeca, Mason Reichard, Juan Mosqueda
Summary: This article reviews the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and epidemiology of the most important diseases caused by Babesia and Theileria in humans, domestic and wild animals in Canada, the US, and Mexico.
Article
Parasitology
Salama Al-Hamidhi, Elshafie I. Elshafie, Saeed Yaghfoori, W. Ivan Morrison, Eugene H. Johnson, Hamza A. Babiker
Summary: Epidemiological surveys in Oman have shown a high prevalence of pathogenic and non-pathogenic Theileria among sheep in the Barka region. Co-infection with both pathogens reduces mortality risk, with lower parasite density in mixed infections. However, there were no significant differences in disease markers or genetic diversity of Theileria between single and mixed infections, indicating the need for further analysis to control ovine theileriosis effectively.
PARASITES & VECTORS
(2021)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Yosra Amdouni, Imen Abedennebi, Safa Amairia, Amara Abdelkader, Walid Chandoul, Mohamed Gharbi
Summary: This study aimed to estimate the molecular detection of Neospora caninum in naturally infected camelids. The overall molecular detection of N. caninum in camelids was 34.3%. The highest detection rate was found in animals over 3 years old, followed by animals aged between 1 and 3 years old. There were no significant differences in detection rate according to locality, gender, or anatomical location. Comparison of the partial sequences of the ITS1 gene showed similarity between our amplicon and GenBank sequences.
VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Mohamed Abdo Rizk, Shimaa Abd El-Salam El-Sayed, Ikuo Igarashi
Summary: In this study, the effect of MMV665941 on the growth of Babesia microti in mice was investigated. The research found that MMV665941 exhibited inhibition on the growth of B. microti and showed structural similarity with atovaquone. In vitro experiments showed that high concentrations of MMV665941 and atovaquone had synergistic inhibition on B. bovis growth. These findings suggest that MMV665941 may be a promising drug for babesiosis treatment, especially when combined with atovaquone.
PATHOGENS AND GLOBAL HEALTH
(2023)
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Amel F. El Goulli, Lilia Zribi, Rania Sanhaji, Ahmed Chabchoub, Aida Bouratbine, Mohamed Gharbi, Hafedh Abdelmelek
Summary: This study investigated the ocular manifestations in dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum and the production of specific anti-Leishmania infantum IgG. The main findings were keratoconjunctivitis, hyperplasia of conjunctival lymphoid follicles, blepharitis, and uveitis. Ocular production of anti-Leishmania infantum IgG was detected in 73.6% of infected dogs. The levels of antibodies varied depending on the type of ocular lesion.
VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Parasitology
Mohamed Abdo Rizk, Shimaa Abd El-Salam El-Sayed, Ikuo Igarashi
Summary: This study evaluated the inhibitory effect of the fluroquinolone antibiotics norfloxacin and ofloxacin on the growth of various Babesia and Theileria parasites. It also analyzed the structural similarity between these drugs and commonly used antibabesial drugs. The results showed that both norfloxacin and ofloxacin inhibited the growth of Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, B. caballi, and Theileria equi in vitro, with the best effect observed on T. equi. The combination therapies of norfloxacin/luteolin and ofloxacin/PYR showed synergistic interaction against B. bovis and T. equi.
ACTA PARASITOLOGICA
(2023)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Isaiah Obara, Ard Nijhof, Patrick Atimnedi, Domnic Mijele, Anne Nanteza, Khawla Elati, Richard Bishop
Summary: African buffalo and domestic cattle have been distinct for 5 million years and carry multiple pathogens that affect domestic cattle. This study provides the first analysis of African buffalo class I MHC, showing a high similarity (86-87%) to African domestic cattle in the peptide binding region. The diversity in buffalo class I sequences appears to be greater than that in cattle, potentially due to a more complex pathogen challenge environment in Africa.
Review
Immunology
Gaber El-Saber Batiha, Hayder M. Al-kuraishy, Ali Al-Gareeb, Mubarak Alruwaili, Raed AlRuwaili, Sarah M. Albogami, Mohammed Alorabi, Hebatallah M. Saad, Jesus Simal-Gandara
Summary: Neuroinflammation can occur during the Covid-19 era due to the neuronal effects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and associated immune activation. Therapeutic options such as glibenclamide may help alleviate Covid-19-induced neuroinflammation by reducing inflammation and protecting against brain injury.
INFLAMMOPHARMACOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Ibrahim Abbas, Hanadi B. Baghdadi, Mohamed Abdo Rizk, El-Sayed El-Alfy, Bassem Elmishmishy, Mayada Gwida
Summary: A survey was carried out on various gastrointestinal parasites in feces of stray dogs in Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. The prevalence of infection has significantly declined compared to 40 years ago, but certain parasites like Toxocara canis remain prevalent. Meta-analyses were conducted to combine the findings with previous surveys, highlighting the need for collaboration between veterinary and public health authorities in a One Health approach in Egypt.
Article
Parasitology
Isaiah Obara, Peris Makori, Kgomotso P. P. Sibeko, Richard P. P. Bishop, Ard M. M. Nijhof, Micky Mwamuye
Summary: Theileria parva, a protozoan parasite causing East Coast fever in cattle, is expanding its range to countries where it has not been detected due to cross-border domestic cattle movement. The conservation of the p104 antigen gene, which is widely used for T. parva surveillance, is a concern. The p104 sequence polymorphism of 40 isolates from six countries across Africa was studied, revealing frequent variants in widely separated geographical regions and in the Muguga cocktail used for treatment. Some isolates exhibited unique alleles, including those from Cameroon with an unclear origin. The p104-based PCR detection assay is effective across the majority of the parasite's range but may need future improvements to detect rare variants.
PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Parasitology
Ines Hammami, Lavina Ciuca, Maria Paola Maurelli, Rihab Romdhane, Limam Sassi, Mohamed Ridha Rjeibi, Nadia Farhat, Alain Kouam Simo, Laura Rinaldi, Mourad Rekik, Mohamed Gharbi
Summary: This study aimed to characterize Tunisian Fasciola spp. flukes using morphometric and molecular analyses. The results confirmed the presence of a single species of F. hepatica in the Sejnane region of Northwest Tunisia.
PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Parasitology
Asma Amina Foughali, Moez Mhadhbi, Safa Amairia, Mokhtar Dhibi, Idir Bitam, Hadjer Boukabache, Ali Berbar, Mohamed Ridha Rjeibi, Mohamed Gharbi
Summary: In this study, infections and co-infection patterns were studied in 66 cattle with clinical signs of piroplasmosis and/or anaplasmosis in two districts of Northeast Algeria. The most frequent pathogen in these cattle was Theileria annulata, followed by Babesia bovis, Anaplasma marginale, and Babesia bigemina. Co-infection patterns were also identified.
PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Parasitology
Hayet Benyedem, Tarek Hajji, Rihab Romdhane, Isaiah Obara, Moez Mhadhbi, Essia Sebai, Khawla Elati, Soufiene Chaari, Mourad Rekik, Mohamed Aziz Darghouth
Summary: Ticks, including the Hyalomma marginatum species, play a crucial role in transmitting pathogens with significant impacts on health, veterinary and economic sectors. This study investigated the genetic structure and distribution of H. marginatum populations in different bioclimatic regions of Tunisia. The findings suggest that the low genetic diversity observed may be due to a bottleneck event caused by environmental factors and/or human activities. Additionally, the study revealed that the phylogenetic clusters did not correspond to the bioclimatic zones.
PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Zhuowei Ma, Onur Ceylan, Eloiza May Galon, Uday Kumar Mohanta, Shengwei Ji, Hang Li, Thanh Thom Do, Rika Umemiya-Shirafuji, Shimaa Abd El-Salam El-Sayed, Iqra Zafar, Mingming Liu, Ferda Sevinc, Xuenan Xuan
Summary: This study investigated piroplasmids in ticks collected from small ruminants in Turkey. Several tick species were identified, with R. turanicus being the most common in goats and sheep. Molecular assay confirmed the presence of B. ovis and T. ovis, with calculated infection rates.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Khawla Elati, Ismail Salhi, Ridha Kodia, Mourad Rekik, Mohamed Gharbi
Summary: This study aimed to estimate the infection prevalence of T. annulata in cattle in central Tunisia. The results showed a higher prevalence of 32.6% by PCR compared to 6.3% by Giemsa staining. There was no significant difference in PCR prevalence between the two districts, but significant difference was observed in Giemsa staining prevalence. This is the first report of T. annulata presence in this region.
VETERINARY MEDICINE AND SCIENCE
(2023)
