期刊
CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF LIPIDS
卷 194, 期 -, 页码 110-116出版社
ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2015.09.007
关键词
Ceramide channel; Analog; Sphingolipid; Erythrocyte; Mitochondria
资金
- National Science Foundation [MCB-1023008]
- National Institutes of Health [HL-083187]
- Veterans Administration
- Veteran's Administration REAP
- NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE [R24HL083187] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
- NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES [R01DK093462] Funding Source: NIH RePORTER
A ceramide commonly found in mammalian cells, C-16-ceramide (N-palmitoyl-D-erythro-sphingosine), is capable of forming large, protein-permeable channels in the mitochondrial outer membrane (MOM). However, C-16-ceramide is unable to permeabilize the plasma membrane of erythrocytes. This specificity is unexpected considering that ceramide forms channels in simple phosphoglycerolipid membranes. Synthetic analogs of C-16-ceramide with targeted changes at each of the functional regions of the molecule including methylation, altered hydrocarbon chain length, and changes in the stereochemistry, were tested to probe the role of ceramide's molecular features on its ability to form channels in these two different membrane types. The ability to permeabilize the MOM was relatively insensitive to modifications of the various functional groups of ceramide whereas the same modifications resulted in plasma membrane permeabilization (a gain of function rather than a loss of function). Some analogs (ceramine, NBD-labeled ceramide, C-18,C-1 ceramide) gained another function, the ability to inhibit cytochrome oxidase. The gain of deleterious functions indicates that constraints on the structure of ceramide that is formed by the cell's synthetic machinery includes the avoidance of deleterious interactions. We propose that the specific structure of ceramide limits the size of its interactome (both proteins and lipids) thus reducing the likelihood of unwanted side effects. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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