Article
Optics
Yumei Li, Ningfang Liao, Chenyang Deng, Yasheng Li, Qiumei Fan
Summary: This study proposes a comprehensive assessment model based on visual perception to evaluate camouflage effectiveness. The experimental results show that the model has the best prediction performance, with color having a significant impact on image perception.
OPTICS AND LASERS IN ENGINEERING
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Yu-wen Wang, Qing-zhu Yi, Yi Ding, Guang-xin Wu, Jing-bin Zhang, Ni Wang
Summary: The new color matching method "monitor-paper-fabric" shows better color consistency in camouflage printing, reducing color differences and improving color reproduction accuracy.
FIBERS AND POLYMERS
(2021)
Article
Ecology
Penelope W. Murphy, Jonathan N. Pauli, Amy A. Shipley, Benjamin Zuckerberg
Summary: Color polymorphism is an adaptive strategy that plays an important role in the survival of species in changing environments. This study focuses on the ruffed grouse and finds that color polymorphism mediates selective pressures in winter habitats. The results indicate that grouse with phenotype mismatched with snow cover have lower survival rates, but during winters with lower overall survival rates, red grouse exhibit higher survival in snow-free periods while gray grouse have higher survival when snow is present. Additionally, open habitats negatively impact survival rates regardless of color.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Ke Chen, Jiazhi He, Di Zhang, Liyan You, Xuefei Li, Haiyan Wang, Jianguo Mei
Summary: The article introduces an artificial skin-like optoelectronic device that can actively change appearances and passively morph into the environment by manipulating light-matter interactions. By controlling the color switching of electrochromic polymers, the device can finely balance light absorbance, transmittance, and reflectance, achieving a wide color gamut and angle-dependent visual effects.
Article
Ophthalmology
Robert Ennis, Katja Doerschner
Summary: Studies on color-matching experiments with curved transparent objects reveal the influence of different instructions and object shapes on the matching results. The brightness regions captured the chromaticity, while observers' matches differed from the mean, most frequent, and most saturated colors of the transparent stimuli.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Daisy M. M. Horr, Amy A. A. Payne, Kira D. D. McEntire, Michele A. A. Johnson
Summary: Animals with rapid body color change may use color to respond to changing environments. Sexes may use changes in body color differently, showing sexual dimorphism. Green anole lizards switch body color frequently between green and brown, but little is known about sexual dimorphism in their color change.
BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Elmira Annabi Milani, Mina Piralaee, Asghar Asgari
Summary: This study investigates the performance of semitransparent organic solar cells with a Glass/MoO3/Ag/MoO3/PBDB-T:ITIC/TiO2/Ag/PML/1DPCs structure, and explores the effects of microcavity with 1-dimensional photonic crystals (1DPCs) on the solar cell performance, including power conversion efficiency, average visible transmittance, Light utilization efficiency (LUE), color coordinates in the CIE color space, and CIE LAB. An analytical calculation including the density of exactions and their displacement is used to model the devices. The model shows that the presence of microcavity can improve the power conversion efficiency by about 17% compared to the absence of microcavity, while the color coordinates are not significantly changed. The device can transmit high-quality light with a near-white sensation to the human eye.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2023)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Dong Li, Qixiang Chen, Jinhua Huang, Hua Xu, Yuehui Lu, Weijie Song
Summary: This study demonstrates a standalone and scalable-manufactured multispectral metamaterial with simultaneous visible transmission, infrared reflection, and microwave absorption capabilities. The prepared material exhibits deep-subwavelength thickness, high visible transmittance, low infrared emissivity, and high microwave absorptance.
ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Chenhao Zhu, Lun Zhang, Ao Zou, Weiwen Wang, Jihai Zhang, Aimin Zhang
Summary: Inspired by the color-changing mechanism of chameleons, researchers have developed a multistimulus responsive color-changing hydrogel that can change color based on temperature and pH changes. This hydrogel exhibits high transparency, remarkable mechanical performance, and exceptional electromechanical properties. It has been used to create information encryption and decryption devices, including a dual-level encryption and decryption device based on 2D codes and a multi-level encryption and decryption device that mimics the intelligent color-changing camouflage of chameleons. Additionally, it has been applied in a barrier-free communication system for ALS patients.
CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Emmanuelle S. Briolat, Kevin J. Gaston, Jonathan Bennie, Emma J. Rosenfeld, Jolyon Troscianko
Summary: The introduction of artificial lighting is rapidly changing the nighttime environment globally, impacting the visual ecology of organisms such as hawkmoths. Different artificial light sources have varied effects on multiple aspects of hawkmoth visual ecology, with some disrupting key behaviors and others mimicking natural lighting conditions. Overall, the diversity of impacts highlights the need for a nuanced approach to outdoor lighting in environmentally sensitive areas to mitigate negative effects on wildlife.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Instruments & Instrumentation
Chen Xu, Bo Zhang, Tengchao Guo, Rupeng Zhu, Guoyue Xu
Summary: With the development of optical detection technology, the visible light camouflage design is insufficient for visible light/infrared dual-band digital camouflage detection. This study proposes a quantitative spatial color mixing coefficient (SCMC) method to characterize the degree of color mixing in digital camouflage. The results show that the spatial color mixing coefficient can better represent the spatial color mixing degree of digital camouflage in the visible light range, and it has a relationship with color similarity. In the infrared range, the spatial color mixing coefficient cannot accurately represent the spatial color mixing degree of digital camouflage, but it can predict its relationship with radiation similarity.
INFRARED PHYSICS & TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Niko Jokela, K. Kajantie, Miika Sarkkinen
Summary: By studying the memory effect in Yang-Mills theory with an axionlike particle, we investigate the classical and quantum nature of the theory. Through iterative solution of the equations of motion, we identify gauge-invariant effects in terms of field strengths. When applied in the context of heavy-ion collisions, we find that a probe particle traversing radiation train acquires both transverse and longitudinal null memory kicks.
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
D. Bhetuwal, J. Matter, H. Szumila-Vance, M. L. Kabir, D. Dutta, R. Ent, D. Abrams, Z. Ahmed, B. Aljawrneh, S. Alsalmi, R. Ambrose, D. Androic, W. Armstrong, A. Asaturyan, K. Assumin-Gyimah, C. Ayerbe Gayoso, A. Bandari, S. Basnet, V Berdnikov, H. Bhatt, D. Biswas, W. U. Boeglin, P. Bosted, E. Brash, M. H. S. Bukhari, H. Chen, J. P. Chen, M. Chen, E. M. Christy, S. Covrig, K. Craycraft, S. Danagoulian, D. Day, M. Diefenthaler, M. Dlamini, J. Dunne, B. Duran, R. Evans, H. Fenker, N. Fomin, E. Fuchey, D. Gaskell, T. N. Gautam, F. A. Gonzalez, J. O. Hansen, F. Hauenstein, A. Hernandez, T. Horn, G. M. Huber, M. K. Jones, S. Joosten, A. Karki, C. Keppel, A. Khanal, P. M. King, E. Kinney, H. S. Ko, M. Kohl, N. Lashley-Colthirst, S. Li, W. B. Li, A. H. Liyanage, D. Mack, S. Malace, P. Markowitz, D. Meekins, R. Michaels, A. Mkrtchyan, H. Mkrtchyan, S. J. Nazeer, S. Nanda, G. Niculescu, I Niculescu, D. Nguyen, Nuruzzaman, B. Pandey, S. Park, E. Pooser, A. Puckett, M. Rehfuss, J. Reinhold, N. Santiesteban, B. Sawatzky, G. R. Smith, A. Sun, V Tadevosyan, R. Trotta, S. A. Wood, C. Yero, J. Zhang
Summary: The study measured nuclear transparency in C-12(e,e'p) quasielastic scattering and found that proton color transparency does not depend on the specific Q(2) values in this reaction. The results impose strict constraints on models of color transparency for protons.
PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS
(2021)
Article
Materials Science, Textiles
Jianguo Ran, Heng Liu, Jiqing Luo
Summary: The study found that the initial formula for computer color matching in practical applications is not accurate enough, requiring multiple adjustments to achieve the desired results.
TEXTILE RESEARCH JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
Hee-Dong Jeong, Jongsu Lee, Eui-Sang Yu, Taehyun Kim, In Soo Kim, Sin-Doo Lee, Yong-Sang Ryu, Seung-Yeol Lee
Summary: A simple nanoscale Fabry-Perot film is proposed in this paper, providing full-color coverage in the visible region with high color tunability through engineering the geometries of the constituent layers. Precisely tailored thicknesses and filling-fractions of each layer allow for fine color tuning, and a standard guideline of structural colors depending on physical variables is established. The physicochemical property-dependent coloration is demonstrated via the nanometer-thick Fabry-Perot stack, further applied to functional mimicry of environmental sensitive optical camouflage.
ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS
(2021)
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Karin Kjernsmo, Anna M. Lim, Rox Middleton, Joanna R. Hall, Leah M. Costello, Heather M. Whitney, Nicholas E. Scott-Samuel, Innes C. Cuthill
Summary: Recent research has shown that iridescence can act as an effective form of camouflage by reducing the willingness of avian predators to attack. Both iridescence and surface gloss have independent effects on the likelihood of prey being attacked.
Article
Zoology
Zoe Muller, Innes C. Cuthill, Stephen Harris
Summary: All mammals go through different life stages with specific physical and behavioral changes. The social behavior of most social mammals, other than primates and elephants, during different life stages and its influence on individuals' sex is understudied. Understanding the social requirements of mammals is crucial for their conservation, captive management, and welfare. In this study, social network analysis techniques were used to examine the social behavior of giraffes at different life stages. The results showed that adolescent giraffes prefer to associate with individuals of the same sex, similar to other social mammal species. The findings have implications for improving the management and welfare of captive giraffes.
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Tiago Macedo, Joao Carlos Campos, Ossi Nokelainen, Nicholas E. Scott-Samuel, Zbyszek Boratynski
Summary: Background matching is a common camouflage strategy where prey resembles its environment to avoid detection or recognition by predators. However, the complexity and variation of the natural environment pose challenges to effective background matching as an anti-predator adaptation.
BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY
(2022)
Article
Zoology
Brett M. Culbert, James B. Barnett, Isaac Y. Ligocki, Matthew G. Salena, Marian Y. L. Wong, Ian M. Hamilton, Sigal Balshine
Summary: Many animals use color signals to indicate their quality and behavioral motivations. This study examined wild social groups of cichlid fish and found that the size of the colored facial patch was related to individual foraging effort and played a role in affiliative relationships. However, the size of the patch was not related to social rank or body size; dominant males had larger patches while subordinates with large patches received more affiliative acts.
Article
Ecology
James B. Barnett, Justin Yeager, Brendan L. McEwen, Isaac Kinley, Hannah M. Anderson, Jennifer Guevara
Summary: Colour plays an important role in various defensive strategies, and its effectiveness and detectability can be influenced by the size of the structures and how they interact with the background. In this study, researchers investigated size-dependent differences in colour in the gold-striped frog and found that smaller individuals had more detectable colours, while larger frogs exhibited better camouflage. The results suggest a change in defensive strategy from conspicuous signalling to camouflage with increasing size.
JOURNAL OF EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
Felipe Andrade-Guerrero, Adriana Tapia, Vinicio Andrade, Jorge Vasconez-Gonzalez, Jose Andrade-Guerrero, Carlos Norona-Calvachi, Juan S. Izquierdo-Condoy, Justin Yeager, Esteban Ortiz-Prado
Summary: Vaccination coverage in Ecuador has declined since 2013, falling short of the World Health Organization's goal. This deficiency in coverage is caused by lost vaccination opportunities, where patients without contraindications fail to receive recommended immunizations. A study was conducted to assess the knowledge of vaccination contraindications among health personnel in Quito and to determine missed vaccination opportunities.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
James B. Barnett, Jessica Ford, Eric Guerra-Grenier, Nathalie Jreidini, Jihane Benbahtane, David M. Green
Summary: This study investigated how camouflage changes with ontogeny in the Fowler's toad and its lakeshore habitat. The researchers found that the color and patterning of the toads matched the dry sandy beach microhabitats where they were frequently found, and the pattern matching varied depending on the toad's size.
Article
Behavioral Sciences
Dylan H. N. Thomas, Karin Kjernsmo, Nicholas E. Scott-Samuel, Heather M. Whitney, Innes C. Cuthill
Summary: The shininess of iridescent beetles makes them more conspicuous, but their changeable hues reduce their detectability by bird predators. However, the property of iridescence that reduces detectability is still unclear. Iridescent objects change not only in hue but also in intensity as the viewing angle changes, and many iridescent animals are also shiny or glossy, which are related to crypsis.
BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biology
Justin Yeager, Olivier Penacchio
Summary: This study models the effects of natural and sexual selection on organisms with warning traits, and reveals the impact of selection combinations on phenotypic variation. By referencing actual populations, researchers find that multifarious selection can lead to monomorphism, continuous variation, and discrete polymorphism. These findings have important implications for understanding the evolution of visual signals.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Biology
Callum F. McLellan, Innes C. Cuthill, Stephen H. Montgomery
Summary: Prey animals use color and patterning to either avoid detection or advertise their unpalatability. This study examines how pattern use varies across phylogenetically related cryptic and aposematic butterfly larvae with different social behavior. The results show that longitudinal stripes are more common in cryptic larvae, while patterns associated with crypsis are more likely to be used by solitary larvae. Aposematic larvae, on the other hand, are more likely to display horizontal bands and spots. This research advances our understanding of pattern variation, coloration, and social behavior in lepidopteran larvae.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Ecology
George R. A. Hancock, Lizzie Grayshon, Ryan Burrell, Innes Cuthill, Andrew Hoodless, Jolyon Troscianko
Summary: The survival of ground-nesting birds heavily relies on their nests' camouflage, and predation risk from human activity is a major cause of their decline. This study investigates the effects of camouflage on nesting behavior and highlights the importance of habitat geometry in defending nests from predators. The findings show that habitat geometry, rather than predator visual acuity, significantly affects nest visibility and emphasizes the importance of considering habitat geometry in the conservation and management of ground-nesting birds.
ECOLOGY AND EVOLUTION
(2023)
Article
Ecology
Grant C. McDonald, Innes C. Cuthill, Tamas Szekely, Andras Kosztolanyi
Summary: Parental care can have both benefits and costs, and understanding these is important in studying patterns of care. In this study, detailed observations of a small shorebird population revealed that females desert their offspring more frequently than males. The results suggest that female desertion is favored by potential benefits of extra mating opportunities and does not impose significant costs on the growth and survival of deserted offspring.