Article
Engineering, Environmental
Mari Jonsson, Dick Kasperowski, Stephen James Coulson, Johan Nilsson, Pavel Bina, Christopher Kullenberg, Niclas Hagen, Rene van der Wal, Jesse Peterson
Summary: This study examines the long-term demographic trends of age and gender among participants in a large online citizen science platform. The results show persistent gender imbalances across species groups, with more males participating, spending more time in the field, and reporting more species. There is also an age imbalance towards older participants. It is important for citizen science project developers to address these imbalances by engaging with underrepresented and younger participants.
Article
Soil Science
David Fernandez-Calvino, Johannes Rousk, Erland Baath, Ulla E. Bollmann, Kai Bester, Kristian K. Brandt
Summary: Soil microbial growth and activity showed delayed recovery after the dissipation of four readily degradable isothiazolinone biocides. Bacterial growth and fungal growth were the most sensitive endpoints during the initial stages. Despite the dissipation of biocides, all isothiazolinones inhibited bacterial growth for more than 7 days and fungal growth and substrate-induced respiration for up to 40 days. The study highlights the delayed recovery of soil microbial functions and suggests that the delayed recovery of fungal growth compared to bacterial growth may be a common phenomenon during the dissipation of toxicants in contaminated soils.
SOIL BIOLOGY & BIOCHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Kristin K. Hoddy, Christopher L. Axelrod, Jacob T. Mey, Adithya Hari, Robbie A. Beyl, Jourdan B. Blair, Wagner S. Dantas, John P. Kirwan
Summary: The study found that individuals with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) had similar body weight compared to those with metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO), but had higher body fat percentage and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and lower levels of systolic blood pressure, triglycerides, glucose, and insulin. MHO group also showed differences in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure, and insulin compared to the reference group. Both MHO and MUO groups exhibited impaired insulin sensitivity compared to the reference control group.
Article
Surgery
Taylor E. Wallen, Matthew R. Baucom, Dennis Hanseman, Yao-Wei W. Wang, Charles E. Wade, John B. Holcomb, Timothy A. Pritts, Michael D. Goodman
Summary: This study examines the relationship between platelet dysfunction and 30-day survival in massively transfused, traumatically injured patients. The results indicate that platelet dysfunction is significantly associated with poor prognosis.
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
David M. Chandler, Alun Hubbard
Summary: Dramatic supraglacial lake drainage events in Greenland and Antarctica are caused by fast hydrofracture propagation, but this study presents a slower mode of hydrofracture where hairline fractures intersect supraglacial streams. They suggest that water supply and englacial refreezing are critical factors limiting penetration depth. The study proposes that stream-driven hydrofractures are widespread across Greenland and Antarctica's ablation zones, and have significant impacts on englacial thermal profiles and the vulnerability of ice sheets and shelves to dynamic instability.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Nicholas Hendershot, Alejandra Echeverri, Luke O. Frishkoff, James R. Zook, Tadashi Fukami, Gretchen C. Daily
Summary: Although agricultural landscapes can support wildlife in the short term, it is uncertain whether they can truly sustain wildlife populations in the long term. Diversified farming practices help sustain populations of forest-affiliated species, but cannot fully offset the losses in forest habitats.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Rong Wang, Gerhard Kuhn, Xun Gong, Boris K. Biskaborn, Rainer Gersonde, Lester Lembke-Jene, Gerrit Lohmann, Ralf Tiedemann, Bernhard Diekmann
Summary: The marine sediment record from the central Bering Sea over the last 20 thousand years reveals changes in depositional history related to terrigenous sediment supply and biogenic sedimentation. The study provides insights into land-ocean interactions of paleoenvironmental changes, with shifts in terrigenous sediment provenance indicating glacier melt and regional climate warming. Climate modeling suggests atmospheric teleconnections to the North Atlantic, impacting the dynamics of the Aleutian Low system and resulting in warmer winters and early spring onset. Since 11.0 ka, advanced transgression has shifted the coast line and contour currents along the continental slope, leaving behind sand-rich sediments from the early to mid-Holocene.
FRONTIERS IN EARTH SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Jesse R. Barber, David Plotkin, Juliette J. Rubin, Nicholas T. Homziak, Brian C. Leavell, Peter R. Houlihan, Krystie A. Miner, Jesse W. Breinholt, Brandt Quirk-Royal, Pablo Sebastian Padron, Matias Nunez, Akito Y. Kawahara
Summary: Moths use ultrasound for warning and mimicry purposes, with some moths even capable of jamming bat sonar. The study also found that jamming and warning are not mutually exclusive strategies, and moths' sounds can form acoustic mimicry rings.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Haichao Wang, Haolin Wang, Xiao Lu, Keding Lu, Lin Zhang, Yee Jun Tham, Zongbo Shi, Kenneth Aikin, Shaojia Fan, Steven S. Brown, Yuanhang Zhang
Summary: Measurements have shown that nighttime production of atmospheric nitrate radicals increased significantly in China from 2014 to 2019, while it decreased in the United States and the European Union. This indicates a growing contribution of nighttime atmospheric oxidation to air pollution in China. Understanding the trends and implications of nitrate radicals is crucial for developing effective pollution mitigation strategies and understanding the impact of nitrogen oxides on climate.
Article
Biology
Samuli Helle, Antti O. Tanskanen, David A. Coall, Mirkka Danielsbacka
Summary: Evolutionary theory predicts that investment from grandparents to grandchildren depends on social and environmental conditions, and different grandparents react differently to adverse early life experiences (AELEs). The study found that maternal grandparents, regardless of AELEs, invest more in their grandchildren, while paternal grandparents invest less in grandchildren who have experienced more AELEs.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Review
Ecology
Pubin Hong, Bernhard Schmid, Frederik De Laender, Nico Eisenhauer, Xingwen Zhang, Haozhen Chen, Dylan Craven, Hans J. De Boeck, Yann Hautier, Owen L. Petchey, Peter B. Reich, Bastian Steudel, Maren Striebel, Madhav P. Thakur, Shaopeng Wang
Summary: The research shows that biodiversity has a positive impact on ecosystem functioning, especially in high-stress environments affected by global environmental change factors. This positive impact is mainly driven by interspecific complementarity and increases over time.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Barnabas H. Daru, T. Jonathan Davies, Charles G. Willis, Emily K. Meineke, Argo Ronk, Martin Zobel, Meelis Partel, Alexandre Antonelli, Charles C. Davis
Summary: The study reveals a widespread and temporal decrease in species and phylogenetic turnover, leading to increased biotic homogenization at different scales and spatial extents. The homogenization within major biomes is largely driven by non-native species introductions, with Asia and North America being major sources. However, Australia, the Pacific and Europe contribute disproportionately to phylogenetic diversity in the global pool of non-native species.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Article
Geography, Physical
Omar N. Al-Mufti, R. William C. Arnott, Marc J. Hinton, Sam Alpay, Hazen A. J. Russell
Summary: This study used computed tomography (CT) to infer the depositional conditions in the glaciogenic Champlain Sea basin. By analyzing CT-scan images and Hounsfield unit (HU) profiles, five lithologically distinct, mud-dominated stratal units were identified. All strata showed a repeating pattern of HU values. The changes in HU values within each bed indicated the variations in silt content, reflecting the waxing and waning flow conditions during a glaciogenic meltwater discharge cycle. The range of HU values and sedimentary structures suggested different sediment transport processes and changes in water composition.
Article
Ecology
Federico Riva, Lenore Fahrig
Summary: Positive effects of habitat patch size on biodiversity are often incorrectly extrapolated to negative effects of habitat fragmentation at landscape scales. A recent study shows that small patches actually contribute to biodiversity, challenging the previous assumption. Landscape-scale analysis reveals that for sets of patches with equal total habitat area, species richness and evenness decrease with increasing mean size of the patches, contradicting the extrapolation. Therefore, preserving small habitat patches is crucial for biodiversity conservation.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Diego Ocampo, Kevin Winker, Matthew J. Miller, Luis Sandoval, J. Albert C. Uy
Summary: This study used a phylogenomic approach to investigate the evolutionary history and genetic structure of the Variable Seedeater superspecies complex. The findings suggest that the early diversification of this complex occurred rapidly despite historical gene flow, and plumage color divergence may influence the extent of gene flow among populations.
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION
(2022)
