Article
Environmental Sciences
Minyou Yu, Yuwen Huang
Summary: Currently, there has been significant progress in the international legislative process and national practices concerning marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ). China, as a State Party to UNCLOS, actively participates in negotiations on the BBNJ agreement, with a particular focus on marine protected areas (MPAs) as a feasible tool for conservation. This paper analyzes the drivers and limits of China's involvement in the establishment of MPAs and proposes countermeasures to address the challenges posed by MPAs in ABNJ. It concludes that there is a high possibility of China choosing to participate in the establishment of MPAs in ABNJ due to its commitment to the concept of a maritime community with a shared future.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Rui Jiang, Ping Guo
Summary: This paper summarizes the existing regional treaties governing high seas MPAs and the BBNJ Agreement. After comparing their law-making histories, it is argued that regional treaties have issues of legitimacy, democracy, and science and are not conducive to sustainable management. It is concluded that the BBNJ Agreement is better suited for the comprehensive and sustainable management of high seas MPAs and can overcome the limitations of regional treaties. The management of high seas MPAs will face the co-existence of different legal regimes.
Review
Environmental Sciences
David S. Berry
Summary: This article critically assesses the competing positions advanced during negotiations for the Agreement's institutional structure, emphasizing the importance of global and regional cooperation, and proposes two principles to coordinate Agreement organs and regional bodies.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Studies
Glen Wright, Kristina M. Gjerde, David E. Johnson, Aria Finkelstein, Maria Adelaide Ferreira, Daniel C. Dunn, Mariamalia Rodriguez Chaves, Anthony Grehan
Summary: With increasing pressure on marine areas beyond national jurisdiction, the international community is initiating negotiations for a legally binding agreement on biodiversity conservation. The current international legal framework lacks holistic area-based management tools for ABNJ, but marine spatial planning is proposed as a potential tool to be included in the new agreement.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Minyou Yu, Yuwen Huang, Qinghua Fu
Summary: Due to the presence of valuable gene and mineral resources, marine biodiversity is considered crucial for socio-economic development. However, there are significant threats to marine biodiversity, particularly in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ), where effective governance and sustainable management are lacking. This article provides a brief overview of existing international legal regimes for protecting marine biodiversity in ABNJ, with a focus on the factors influencing China's policy-making on the establishment of marine protected areas in high seas. It concludes that China should actively engage in international negotiations, assess the impacts of establishing protected areas, and ensure sustainable conservation and management of marine biodiversity in ABNJ. Additionally, the article discusses the practical challenges for China in selecting locations and models for managing marine protected areas on the high seas.
Article
Green & Sustainable Science & Technology
Emily S. Nocito, Jenna Sullivan-Stack, Elizabeth P. Pike, Kristina M. Gjerde, Cassandra M. Brooks
Summary: Marine protected areas (MPAs) play a crucial role in providing ecological benefits, and evaluating and managing them is essential. However, there are challenges in applying existing frameworks to MPAs beyond national jurisdiction. The current assessment frameworks can provide insights into the objectives, types, level of protection, and effectiveness of MPAs, which can support the negotiation of new international treaties.
Article
Environmental Studies
Amy Hammond, Peter J. S. Jones
Summary: This paper explores the ongoing negotiations towards a new implementing agreement to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea regarding the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction, highlighting the potential implications for ocean governance and the effectiveness of high seas marine protected areas. It suggests the establishment of a global body with a mandate for MPA oversight, incorporating bottom-up approaches, decentralized to regional organizations and engaging with coastal communities. The paper concludes that enshrining a global model like this would strengthen the governance framework for effective, resilient MPAs in ABNJ.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Kristina M. Gjerde, Siddharth Shekhar Yadav
Summary: The current polycentric approach to marine biodiversity in ABNJ lacks generally applicable rules and norms structuring actions and behaviors, as well as processes to enhance cooperation, coordination, and conflict resolution. Through seven ways, the emerging United Nations agreement on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity of ABNJ can stimulate coordinated and integrated action at both global and regional levels in ABNJ.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Studies
Kahlil Hassanali, Robin Mahon
Summary: This paper suggests that introducing a Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) process could improve the international legal agreement on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity beyond national jurisdiction. The SEA process could transform the approach of the BBNJ Agreement towards a more proactive conservation and sustainability strategy.
Article
Environmental Studies
Jacek Zaucha, Stephen Jay
Summary: This paper explores the feasibility and methods of marine spatial planning outside national jurisdiction areas. The most promising approach is based on international agreements and grassroots efforts to plan the entire world ocean. Key elements include resilience, regulation, and supportive ecosystem services, and various planning methods are proposed, including information and indicative planning, stock-taking and vision-building, and continuous monitoring and evaluation of results.
Article
Economics
Sandya Nishanthi Gunasekara, Md Saiful Karim
Summary: This article examines the interaction between Australia and Asian countries in reaching a future legal agreement on marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ). The article also highlights the potential scope for increased collaboration with Asia in this regard, especially in promoting the conservation of ABNJ.
INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENTS-POLITICS LAW AND ECONOMICS
(2022)
Article
Fisheries
Paul E. Brewin, Thomas J. Farrugia, Chris Jenkins, Paul Brickle
Summary: This study highlights the significant impact of Patagonian toothfish bottom-set longline fishing on vulnerable marine ecosystems in areas beyond national jurisdiction. Strengthening regional high-seas fishing governance and monitoring procedures is recommended to protect marine ecosystems.
ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Studies
Jean-Baptiste Thiebot, Magali Dreyfus
Summary: The expansion of human activities in offshore maritime regions has led to a lack of scientific knowledge in areas beyond national jurisdictions. Penguins, one of the most threatened seabird groups, migrate across various oceanic regions, including ABNJ. The international negotiations for a legally-binding instrument to improve governance and sustainable use of biodiversity in ABNJ may significantly benefit penguin conservation.
Article
Law
Neil Craik, Kristine Gu
Summary: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is widely accepted as a legal requirement for managing the marine environment, while Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) has a lower level of acceptance. This article examines the legal and policy roles of SEA in managing international marine areas and argues that SEA is a legal mechanism for implementing the principle of integration.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MARINE AND COASTAL LAW
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Giovanni Ardito, Gemma Andreone, Marzia Rovere
Summary: Marine areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) are increasingly threatened by various anthropogenic activities, such as fishing, shipping, energy extraction, and upcoming deep seabed mining, resulting in significant biodiversity loss and environmental degradation. This article contributes to the discussion on effective environmental protection and conservation in ABNJ, analyzing the current legal gaps and tools developed by regional and universal regimes. Case studies of hydrothermal vent fields in the Mid Atlantic Ridge and the South-West Indian Ridge highlight the fragmented legal regimes and challenging cooperation among different frameworks. The need for a coordinated mechanism, based on mutual recognition, is emphasized to protect ABNJ from cumulative human impacts.
FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
(2023)
Review
Fisheries
Paul Woodcock, Bethan C. O'Leary, Michel J. Kaiser, Andrew S. Pullin
FISH AND FISHERIES
(2017)
Article
Biology
Bethan C. O'Leary, Natalie C. Ban, Miriam Fernandez, Alan M. Friedlander, Pablo Garcia-Borboroglu, Yimnang Golbuu, Paolo Guidetti, Jean M. Harris, Julie P. Hawkins, Tim Langlois, Douglas J. Mccauley, Ellen K. Pikitch, Robert H. Richmond, Callum M. Roberts
Review
Biodiversity Conservation
Bethan C. O'Leary, Callum M. Roberts
GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND CONSERVATION
(2018)
Article
Biodiversity Conservation
Bethan C. O'Leary, Philip Fieldhouse, Colin J. McClean, Adriana E. S. Ford, Polly Burns, Julie P. Hawkins, Callum M. Roberts
BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION
(2019)
Article
Biology
Callum M. Roberts, Bethan C. O'Leary, Julie P. Hawkins
PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2020)
Article
Fisheries
Gonzalo Araujo, Joni A. Miranda, Harriet L. Allen, Jessica Labaja, Sally Snow, Alessandro Ponzo, Christine G. Legaspi
JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Harriet L. Allen, Bryce D. Stewart, Colin J. McClean, James Hancock, Richard Rees
Summary: Whale sharks aggregate in predictable seasonal aggregations across the tropics. In South Ari Atoll in the Maldives, injured individuals tend to spend more time at the aggregation site possibly to recover or because the benefits outweigh the costs. The presence of injured sharks at the aggregation site highlights the need for improved management of anthropogenic activities to reduce injury rates and protect the behavior and fitness of these animals.
AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS
(2021)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Bethan C. O'Leary, Joshua P. Copping, Nibedita Mukherjee, Sandra L. Dorning, Bryce D. Stewart, Emma McKinley, Prue F. E. Addison, Chris Williams, Griffin Carpenter, David Righton, Katherine L. Yates
Summary: The study reveals a substantial amount of evidence related to evaluating the effectiveness of spatial management measures against ecological outcomes. However, there are key knowledge gaps in evaluating social and economic outcomes, overall merit and worth, marine plans, networks of sites, real-time or seasonal closures, and spatial management in offshore waters and lagoon or estuary environments.
ENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE
(2021)
Article
Environmental Studies
Paul S. Kemp, Gowshika Subbiah, Richard Barnes, Kristina Boerder, Bethan C. O'Leary, Bryce D. Stewart, Chris Williams
Summary: The UK Fisheries Act provides a framework for sustainable marine resource management after leaving the EU. The importance of social-economic concerns and securing natural capital for fisheries is emphasized. The upcoming Joint Fisheries Statement aims to achieve the objectives of the Act. However, this article challenges the current management framework and suggests a focus on ecological regeneration and maximizing societal benefits. Recommendations include an integrated resource management approach, the use of best available technologies for monitoring compliance, and changing the media narrative and public opinion.
Article
Environmental Studies
Paul S. Kemp, Gowshika Subbiah, Richard Barnes, Kristina Boerder, Bethan C. O'Leary, Bryce D. Stewart, Chris Williams
Summary: UK fisheries have suffered from a decline due to the focus on social-economic value rather than recognizing them as social-ecological systems. The Fisheries Act and Joint Fisheries Statement provide an opportunity to correct this. A more sustainable future for UK fisheries can be achieved by implementing quota based on Maximum Sustainable Yield, reducing fishing capacity, and applying stricter restrictions on damaging fishing techniques in marine protected areas.
Review
Biodiversity Conservation
Bryce D. Stewart, Charlotte Burns, Adam P. Hejnowicz, Viviane Gravey, Bethan C. O'Leary, Kevin Hicks, Fay M. Farstad, Sue E. Hartley
Article
Environmental Sciences
Bethan C. O'Leary, Bryce D. Stewart, Emma McKinley, Prue F. E. Addison, Chris Williams, Griffin Carpenter, David Righton, Katherine L. Yates
ENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE
(2019)
Article
Environmental Studies
Chris Williams, Griffin Carpenter, Robert Clark, Bethan C. O'Leary
Article
Oceanography
Ha-Kyung Kim, In-Hwan Cho, Eun-A Hwang, Young-Hyo Kim, Jeong-Suk Moon, Bae-Kyung Park, Baik-Ho Kim
Summary: This study investigated the distribution of diatoms in 324 estuaries on the Korean Peninsula from 2016 to 2018, with a focus on the ecological impact of artificial dams. The results highlighted the complex interactions between dams, land use, and diatom communities, providing important data for ecosystem management and biodiversity conservation. Understanding the consequences of artificial dams on diatom distribution is crucial for preserving estuarine health.
OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Oceanography
Tianhang Gao, Jia Tian, Chuan Huang, Hongyu Wu, Xing Xu, Changjian Liu
Summary: This study explores the microcontainer transport service and route selection problem within the context of a new transportation corridor. A multiobjective planning model is established to minimize transportation cost, time, and carbon emissions. The findings demonstrate that the New Western Land and Sea Corridor is appealing for time-sensitive cargoes and can enhance economic benefits with supportive policies.
OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Oceanography
Jintao Ma, Zhengjie Wu, Mengqian Guo, Qiuguang Hu
Summary: With the deepening of economic globalization and regional economic integration, marine fisheries are becoming increasingly connected to national strategic interests and economic vitality. It is necessary to explore the synergistic evolution of marine fisheries economic development, environmental protection, and technological progress in order to promote sustainable and healthy development of marine fisheries.
OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Oceanography
Wenhan Ren, Yuhan Xu, Jing Ni
Summary: This paper focuses on the key role of human economic activities in the evolution of ecological security from the perspective of eco-industrial symbiosis and constructs a symbiotic system of indicators considering human economic activities and all subsystems. The research findings reveal that in China's coastal areas, the socio-economic development index shows a stable upward trend, the environmental capacity index remains stable, and the ecological impact index shows a fluctuating and undulating trend.
OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Oceanography
Xiao Zhou
Summary: This study develops a spatial risk assessment approach for maritime transportation in China using machine learning and geospatial big data. The study identifies wave height, rainfall, and sea surface temperature as the most influential factors affecting navigational safety. It also analyzes the matching relationship between coastal search and rescue resources and maritime transportation risks.
OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Review
Oceanography
X. Yang, Z. Y. Lin, W. J. Zhang, S. Xu, M. Y. Zhang, Z. D. Wu, B. Han
Summary: The study highlights the increasing importance of Arctic navigation safety and identifies gaps in the application of risk assessment methodologies. It calls for decision-oriented modelling techniques and bridging the gap between academic research and practical application.
OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Oceanography
Vladimir J. Alarcon, Anna C. Linhoss, Christopher R. Kelble, Paul F. Mickle, Alexandra Fine, Enrique Montes
Summary: Estuaries and coastal areas are undergoing rapid changes due to climate change and sea level rise. This research presents a salinity transport model for Biscayne Bay and investigates the potential impacts of altered precipitation, increased salinity/temperature, and sea level rise on bay salinity. The findings suggest that current restoration plans may not be sufficient to maintain current salinity conditions, and management measures such as urban greening, artificial groundwater recharge, and water consumption reduction should be considered.
OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Oceanography
Manuel Vargas-Yanez, Ana Reeves-Bueno, Sara Fernandez-Topham, Francina Moya, Enrique Ballesteros, Cristina Alonso, Teresa Perez-Sanchez, Patricia Romero-Fernandez, Silvia Sanchez-Aguado, Ricardo Felix Sanchez-Leal, M. Carmen Garcia-Martinez
Summary: This study analyzed the phytoplankton communities in the upper 100 m of the Gulf of Cadiz and the Alboran Sea using time series data. The results show that these two regions can be considered as two differentiated bioregions, with the latter having higher productivity.
OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Oceanography
Donna Dimarchopoulou, Ioannis Keramidas, Konstantinos Tsagarakis, Vasiliki Markantonatou, Ghassen Halouani, Athanassios C. Tsikliras
Summary: The study shows that spatiotemporal simulation modeling is an effective tool for investigating management options in ecosystem-based fisheries management. It demonstrates that fisheries restricted areas can help rebuild the biomass of exploited stocks, but their effectiveness depends on the size and location of the areas. The study also suggests that a parallel reduction in total fishing effort is necessary to achieve the highest benefits of protection.
OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Oceanography
Junita D. Karlsen, Ludvig Ahm Krag, Bent Herrmann
Summary: Fisheries management is transitioning from a single-species approach to an ecosystem-based approach to address the complexities of mixed-species fisheries. A dual compartment codend concept can provide a complex selectivity profile and allow for flexible adjustments at sea, improving compliance with management objectives.
OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Oceanography
Yi-Zhuo Zhang, Cheng Xue, Na Wang, Gang Chen
Summary: This paper evaluates typical coastal provinces and cities in China, constructing an evaluation indicator system and clarifying the regional differences in the sustainable development capacity of China's marine fisheries industry. The results show that Shandong Province and Fujian Province have advantages in sustainable development, while Tianjin, Hebei Province, and Shanghai have room for improvement.
OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Oceanography
Caimao Tan, Tiantian Qin, Junliang He, Yu Wang, Hang Yu
Summary: This study addresses the storage space allocation problem of container yards based on the dual-cycle operation mode. A mixed integer programming model is established to optimize container transportation distance. The results show that dual-cycle operation can decrease transportation distance and the space allocation method based on it is more effective than traditional methods. The study also provides management insights for container ports and suggests effective solutions for bottleneck problems.
OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT
(2024)
Article
Oceanography
Haye H. Geukes, Peter M. van Bodegom, Alexander P. E. van Oudenhoven
Summary: This study aims to identify and explore the information requirements at different stages of the decision-making process of coastal nature-based solutions (NbS). The study found substantial differences in information requirements across the decision-making stages, with values and indicators becoming more specific and concrete as the stages progressed. The study also suggests that future changes in the information required for decision-making on coastal NbS can be anticipated and prepared for.
OCEAN & COASTAL MANAGEMENT
(2024)