Fast acquisition with seamless stage translation (FASST) for a trimodal x-ray breast imaging system

Purpose A major technical obstacle to bringing x-ray multicontrast (i.e., attenuation, phase, and dark-field) imaging methodology to clinical use is the prolonged data acquisition time caused by the phase stepping procedure. The purpose of this work was to introduce a fast acquisition with seamless stage translation (FASST) technique to a prototype multicontrast breast imaging system for reduced image acquisition time that is clinically acceptable. Methods The prototype system was constructed based on a Hologic full-field digital mammography + digital breast tomosynthesis combination system. During each FASST acquisition process, a motorized stage holding a diffraction grating travels continuously with a constant velocity, and a train of 15 short x-ray pulses (35 ms each) was delivered by using the Zero-Degree Tomo mode of the Hologic system. Standard phase retrieval was applied to the 15 subimages without spatial interpolation to avoid spatial resolution loss. The method was evaluated using a physical phantom, a bovine udder specimen, and a freshly resected mastectomy specimen. The FASST technique was experimentally compared with single-shot acquisition methods and the standard phase stepping method. Results The image acquisition time of the proposed method is 3.7 s. In comparison, conventional phase stepping took 105 s using the same prototype imaging system. The mean glandular dose of both methods was matched at 1.3 mGy. No artifacts or spatial resolution loss was observed in images produced by FASST. In contrast, the single-shot methods led to spatial resolution loss and residual moire artifacts. Conclusions The FASST technique reduces the data acquisition time of the prototype multicontrast x-ray breast imaging system to 3.7 s, such that it is comparable to a clinical digital breast tomosynthesis exam.