Article
Energy & Fuels
Jiahao Liu, Yining Fan, Qimiao Xie
Summary: This paper experimentally investigates the thermal performance of mixed phase change materials (PCMs) with different phase change temperatures (PCTs) in battery cooling. The findings show that mixed PCMs perform well at lower ambient temperatures, while pure PCM is more effective at higher temperatures.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Muhammad Waqas Nazar, Naseem Iqbal, Majid Ali, Hassan Nazir, M. Zain Bin Amjad
Summary: To improve the safety of Li-ion batteries, understanding their behavior under high temperature is crucial. In this study, charge and discharge experiments were conducted on battery packs to evaluate the impact of thermal management on battery performance. By analyzing the temperature distribution among the cells under different conditions and using phase change material, it was found that thermal management significantly affects the battery pack's performance and safety. Active cooling (air cooling) and passive cooling (using PCM) were both effective methods to reduce the temperature difference compared to ambient temperature, with passive cooling showing the most promising results.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Heng Gu, Yunwei Chang, Yuanyuan Chen, Jiang rong Guo, Deqiu Zou
Summary: This study proposed a pipeless cooling system using shape-stabilized phase change materials (SSPCM) as the seawater channel for thermal management of ship power batteries. Experimental results showed that the SSPCM channel system had lower maximum temperature and maximum temperature difference compared to the metal channel system. Moreover, SSPCM had a lighter weight and avoided seawater corrosion. Key factors for the SSPCM channel system were identified through orthogonal experiments.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ziqiang Liu, Ming Cao, Yafang Zhang, Jinghui Li, Guiwen Jiang, Hongwei Shi
Summary: A silica gel composite phase change material that is easy to fill was prepared in this study to ensure the safe operation of lithium-ion batteries. A battery cooling system combining the phase change material and liquid cooling was established. Simulation and experiment results confirmed the effectiveness of the cooling module in reducing battery temperature and temperature difference.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Sepehr Mousavi, Majid Siavashi, Amirhosein Zadehkabir
Summary: The paper introduces a novel battery thermal management system using phase change materials and mini-channel cold plates, showing that battery orientation significantly affects the cooling performance.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Qingkai Gu, Guijing Li, Zhaoran Wu
Summary: In this study, composite phase change materials (CPCM) were prepared using paraffin (PA) and expanded graphite (EG). The optimal thickness of CPCM was determined through experimental study. A new structure of BTMS was proposed to reduce overall weight, based on which the cooling performance requirements of Li-ion batteries were met without additional energy. Simulation results showed that the new structure had better cooling performance and decreased flow dead zone. The weight of the module was reduced using fins. The research results provide research ideas for the application of CPCM to electric vehicles.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Mohsen Akbarzadeh, Joris Jaguemont, Theodoros Kalogiannis, Danial Karimi, Jiacheng He, Lu Jin, Peng Xie, Joeri Van Mierlo, Maitane Berecibar
Summary: This paper presents an innovative liquid cooling plate (LCP) embedded with phase change material (PCM) for thermal management of electric vehicle (EV) batteries. The hybrid LCP, combining active and passive cooling methods, is 36% lighter than traditional aluminum LCP and provides heating solution to slow temperature loss. Experimental and computational analyses show that the hybrid LCP reduces energy consumption and improves temperature uniformity, making it a promising thermal management solution for EVs.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xing Chen, Wen Yang, Junjie Shen, Xiaobin Xu, Fei Zhou
Summary: In order to improve the heat dissipation performance of the battery module, fins are embedded in a hybrid battery thermal management system (BTMS) with phase change material (PCM) and air cooling. The effects of PCM thickness, fin type, airflow velocity, and support frame width on cooling performance and power consumption are investigated. The results show that adding fins significantly decreases the maximum temperature and reduces power consumption. Additionally, the cooling performance of BTMS introducing delayed air cooling is researched, and power consumption is observably reduced.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xun Liu, Lu-cheng Yao, Chu-qi Su, Xin Xiong, Yi-Ping Wang
Summary: In this study, an active-passive Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS) combining Phase Change Material (PCM) and Thermoelectric Cooler (TEC) was proposed to enhance the thermal performance of lithium-ion batteries. The effects of different TEC currents and delayed cooling at different PCM melting rates were analyzed under the 4C discharge condition. The results showed that increasing the TEC current effectively controlled the battery temperature, but resulted in poor temperature difference and PCM utilization. However, applying a delayed current after the PCM melting rate reached 80% reduced energy consumption and provided better temperature uniformity. A continuous pulse current with TEC was used to provide additional cooling power, resulting in 57.8% longer operation time at 40 degrees C with a temperature difference of 2.5 K compared to the PCM model under 4C discharge conditions.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Abubakar G. Mohammed, Qiuwang Wang, Karem E. Elfeky
Summary: To curb emissions, the electrification of road transportation is necessary. This paper investigates a battery thermal management system for electric vehicles to improve cooling performance and temperature uniformity in the battery stack.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Honglei Ren, Liaofei Yin, Chao Dang, Ruming Liu, Li Jia, Yong Ding
Summary: In this study, a liquid phase-change cooling module with mini-channels cold plate was designed. The temperature properties of a battery monomer with different cooling conditions and varying discharge rates were investigated. The heat dissipation contribution of latent heat transfer to the overall cooling performance of the mini-channels cold plate was analyzed based on the outlet vapor quality. A cooling strategy with varying coolant flow rates was proposed and examined at 3C discharge rate. The findings showed that the proposed variable flow cooling strategy could efficiently reduce the coolant consumption and the pump power consumption of the BTMS while providing the same or even superior cooling performance, thereby assisting the optimization of the BTMS and serving as a reference for the application of the varying flow rate cooling strategy in actual engineering.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohsen Akbarzadeh, Theodoros Kalogiannis, Lu Jin, Danial Karimi, Joeri Van Mierlo, Maitane Berecibar
Summary: This paper experimentally and numerically studies the thermal behavior of a battery module based on a novel liquid cooling plate embedded with phase change material. The proposed hybrid LCP shows promising results in cooling performance for different current levels and in cold temperature environments.
JOURNAL OF ENERGY STORAGE
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
R. Wang, Z. Liang, M. Souri, M. N. Esfahani, M. Jabbari
Summary: This paper introduces a novel hybrid battery thermal management system design and evaluates its performance through numerical simulations, demonstrating its ability to reduce the maximum temperature of the battery pack effectively under various conditions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xin Liu, Qiang Wang, Kun Luo, Yanfei Mu, Haiou Wang, Jianren Fan
Summary: The study finds that using a liquid-cooled plate and metallic phase change material can improve battery thermal management. Gallium filling significantly reduces cell temperature and improves temperature dispersion uniformity, but a higher coolant mass flow rate has less impact on cell temperature and increases system energy consumption.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Ying Zhang, Qinwen Fu, Yao Liu, Bozhen Lai, Zhaoqing Ke, Wei Wu
Summary: In this paper, a new hybrid thermal management system that combines phase change material (PCM) with a liquid cooling plate with microchannels is proposed to improve the operating performance and prevent thermal runaway of the large-capacity battery pack of electric vehicles during continuous charging and discharging. Numerical simulations are conducted to design the flow direction of the microchannel structure and evaluate the cooling performance of the entire system under continuous charge/discharge cycles. The hybrid PCM/liquid cooling plate system demonstrates good cooling performance with the temperature of the battery pack reduced to less than 30 degrees after each cycle and the maximum temperature change rate controlled within 0.8% for multiple cycles. This research contributes to the optimization of thermal management systems for large-capacity battery packs in electric vehicles.
Article
Engineering, Aerospace
Fangzhou Song, Hangbin Zheng, Yanxin Zhang, Qiao Xu, Ke Gao, Yang Tian, Chao Song, Qingyang Luo, Haichen Yao, Xianglei Liu, Yimin Xuan
Summary: This paper investigates the feasibility of a regenerative solar thermal propulsion system (RSTP) incorporating thermal energy storage to overcome the thrust failure issue in the shadow area. A numerical model is built to consider the entire energy transfer process and is verified through experimental measurements. The results show that the system can complete heat storage within the illumination time for low Earth orbit and achieve high thrust and specific impulse in the solar eclipse region. Additionally, the system can operate continuously in the shadow area for a certain duration. This work provides alternative approaches for microsatellite propulsion with high specific impulse, high thrust, and continuous operation.
ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Lizhuang Dou, Yidian Zhang, Xiao Li, Mingfei Mu, Bin Ding
Summary: This paper establishes a multi-physics coupling model of a mid-and-low temperature solar absorber/reactor (MLTSAR) and studies its thermochemical performance and influencing factors. The comparative study reveals that the methanol steam reforming (MSR) reaction has a higher methanol conversion rate (MCR) than the methanol decomposition (MD) reaction, but the solar thermochemical efficiency (STE) is lower. By optimizing the MLTSAR structure, the MCR and STE can be improved.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yuan Zhang, Bin Ding, Dong-Yu Zhao, Sha Zhao, Liang Gong
Summary: Partially miscible solutions with lower critical solution temperature (LCST) have potential in improving the cooling performance of microchannel heat sinks. Understanding the liquid-liquid phase separation process is essential to enhance the cooling performance in microchannels further.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Zhonghui Zhu, Yimin Xuan, Xianglei Liu, Qibin Zhu
Summary: This study investigates the stochastic feature evolution in photocatalytic systems and proposes a statistical model to describe the uncertainties of light absorption, charge carrier migration, and surface reaction. The results show that the density distribution of surface electrons changes from skewed to approximately uniform distribution with increasing incident photon density. The rate-determining step of surface reactions shifts from charge carrier kinetics to reactant activation processes with the rise in system temperature. By optimizing the operational parameters and active site density, the electron-capturing probability of active sites can be significantly increased. The established model is validated by experimental photoactivity results.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Xinrui Wang, Xianglei Liu, Hangbin Zheng, Chao Song, Ke Gao, Cheng Tian, Nan Sun, Zhixing Jiang
Summary: This study proposes a hierarchically doping strategy to fabricate hierarchically doped calcium carbonate pellets suitable for scalable applications. By doping Al in the internal cores and enriching Mn in the external shells, the average solar absorptance of the pellets achieves 87.15% with a 7.4% increase compared with traditionally homogeneous doping approaches. The energy storage density remains as high as 1143 kJ/kg after 20 cycles, which is enhanced by 16.6% over homogeneous counterparts. This work presents a novel approach for the design of high-performance pellets for achieving scalable and efficient thermochemical energy storage under direct solar irradiation.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Ke Gao, Xianglei Liu, Qi Wang, Zhixing Jiang, Cheng Tian, Nan Sun, Yimin Xuan
Summary: Solar thermochemical CO2 splitting using Ce- and Al-doped SrMnO3 perovskites is proposed for efficient solar fuel production. The doped material shows an ultrahigh CO yield and improved CO2 splitting kinetics compared to undoped SrMnO3. It also exhibits excellent stability over multiple cycles. This work provides a new path for high-performance solar thermochemical CO2 splitting.
SUSTAINABLE ENERGY & FUELS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Hangbin Zheng, Xianglei Liu, Yimin Xuan, Yulong Ding, Gilles Flamant
Summary: This paper demonstrates highly efficient and stable direct solar-driven thermochemical energy storage in fluidized reactors using (AlMgFeMn)OxCaCO3 pellets. The pellets showed excellent long-term stability and improved solar-thermal conversion efficiency compared to white (AlMg)OxCaCO3 pellets. The presence of poly-oxide (AlMgFeMn)Ox crystals and steam played a positive role in enhancing reaction kinetics and stability.
ENERGY CONVERSION AND MANAGEMENT
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yang Tian, Xianglei Liu, Qingyang Luo, Haichen Yao, Jianguo Wang, Chunzhuo Dang, Shushan Lv, Qiao Xu, Jiawei Li, Li Zhang, Hongyu Zhao, Yimin Xuan
Summary: Inspired by the microstructure and functions of the sea urchin skeleton, this study introduces four different metal foam skeletons based on triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) to enhance the performance of latent heat storage technology. The metal foam-PCM (MFPCM) based on the Primitive structure shows the fastest thermal energy storage rate, reducing the melting time by 20% compared to the traditional structure (Lattice). The compact internal structure of TPMS and the positive gradient in porosity contribute to the improved performance. This study provides a new idea for designing high-performance MFPCM and promotes the application of bionics in accelerating latent heat thermal energy storage.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Wen-Chuang Feng, Bin Ding, Yuan Zhang, Ming-Fei Mu, Liang Gong
Summary: The low thermal conductivity of phase change materials (PCMs) hinders their application in thermal energy storage, energy saving, and electronics cooling. This study investigates the effect of copper foam on the melting behavior of paraffin and its impact on the effective protection time of PCM heat sinks. The results demonstrate the importance of matching the physical parameters of PCM heat sinks and the working parameters of electronic components to effectively utilize latent heat.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Fengyi Yang, Qiao Xu, Yimin Xuan, Jingrui Liu, Chen Sun, Qingyang Luo, Xianglei Liu
Summary: In this study, a method for accurately assessing the enthalpy of eutectic salt in concentrated solar power (CSP) technology is presented. By using first-principles molecular dynamics (FPMD) simulations, the fusion enthalpy of a new ternary eutectic salt is accurately predicted with a low calculation error. This work provides theoretical guidance for predicting the enthalpy of molten salts and has implications for their widespread application.
SOLAR ENERGY MATERIALS AND SOLAR CELLS
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Haichen Yao, Xianglei Liu, Yang Tian, Qiao Xu, Qingyang Luo, Tianze Ren, Jianguo Wang, Shushan Lv, Chunzhuo Dang, Yimin Xuan
Summary: A bionic phase change materials (PCMs) capsule mimicking the natural structure of albizzia pollen is proposed for thermal energy storage. The pollen-type PCMs capsules have the fastest melting time, reducing by 19%, 24%, 41%, and 61% compared to other types of capsules. By optimizing the ratio of fin length to radius, the melting time can be further reduced by 62% and the exergy efficiency improved by 16%. Experimental results demonstrate faster heat storage rate in a PBTES system using optimized pollen-based capsules.
APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Lin Qiu, Kening Yan, Yanhui Feng, Xianglei Liu
Summary: The low thermal conductivity and easy leakage of phase change materials hinder their further application for thermal energy storage. This study investigates the effects of nano additives on the phase change and thermal properties of bionic hierarchical porous aluminum nitride-polyethylene glycol (PEG/AlN) composites. Alumina nanoparticles have the largest enhancement effect on the thermal conductivity of PEG. The thermal response of the Al2O3-enhanced PEG is maintained after 100 heating/cooling cycles, and its thermal conductivity is 20.41 W/m.K.
Article
Thermodynamics
Haichen Yao, Xianglei Liu, Jiawei Li, Qingyang Luo, Yang Tian, Yimin Xuan
Summary: This study proposes bionic phase change material (PCM) capsules that mimic the internal and external structure of chloroplast-granum, demonstrating significantly faster heat storage compared to sphere type capsules. The improvement is attributed to the bionic folded shape and inner membrane structure, which enhance heat convection and facilitate heat conduction. Furthermore, the capsules are filled into the packed-bed in a staggered arrangement, increasing heat transfer area and enhancing disturbance flow. As a result, the melting time is reduced by 33.2% and average exergy storage rate and efficiency are enhanced by 48.4% and 8.3%, respectively.
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Kai Zhang, Chen Sun, Tao Chen, Fujun Niu, Zhiyi Huang, Qi Gao, Cuiping Xu, Xingjian Zhang, Qixiang Pian, Kunhong Che, Lei Gao, Xianglei Liu, Yimin Xuan
Summary: By using a low concentration metal salt solution solvothermal strategy, single transition metal atom centered clusters with Ni-O-Zn bond linkages were decorated onto sulphide photocatalysts, which promoted the separation of charge carriers and lowered the kinetic energy barrier of water molecule dissociation, resulting in a 68% increase in hydrogen production rate. These findings greatly advance the understanding of semiconductor surface activation strategies and provide important guidance for the rational design of efficient photocatalytic systems in the future.
JOURNAL OF MATERIALS CHEMISTRY A
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Jingrui Liu, Yimin Xuan, Liang Teng, Chen Sun, Qibin Zhu, Xianglei Liu
Summary: The 3rd generation concentrated solar power technology is considered a potential strategy to solve the energy shortage and achieve carbon neutrality. The development of long-stable energy storage materials is crucial for overcoming the intermittency and instability of solar power. This article presents a calcium-based particle with a thermal expansion compensation strategy, enabling high energy densities and long storage times.
