Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Xiao-Lu Yu, Jia-Wen Xie, Mao Wang, Mei-Qi Lin, Ya-Wen Zheng, Li-Rong Lin
Summary: This study found that total antibody testing has higher sensitivity and specificity and better consistency compared to RT-PCR. In the context of low sensitivity for RT-PCR, antibody detection is an effective adjunct method to improve the diagnostic accuracy of COVID-19.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ruei-Min Lu, Shih-Han Ko, Wan-Yu Chen, Yu-Ling Chang, Hsiu-Ting Lin, Han-Chung Wu
Summary: Mitigation strategies for the COVID-19 pandemic have been hindered by the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants. A panel of 41 monoclonal antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 NP was generated, with 9 high-binding antibodies used in a new rapid diagnostic test showing high sensitivity and specificity for detecting viral variants. The developed LFIA strips have the capability to detect 10 NP mutants, including the alpha, beta, gamma, and delta variants.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Peter Chen, Ajay Nirula, Barry Heller, Robert L. Gottlieb, Joseph Boscia, Jason Morris, Gregory Huhn, Jose Cardona, Bharat Mocherla, Valentina Stosor, Imad Shawa, Andrew C. Adams, Jacob Van Naarden, Kenneth L. Custer, Lei Shen, Michael Durante, Gerard Oakley, Andrew E. Schade, Janelle Sabo, Dipak R. Patel, Paul Klekotka, Daniel M. Skovronsky
Summary: LY-CoV555, a neutralizing antibody, showed promising results in reducing viral load, improving symptoms, and lowering the risk of hospitalization among patients with mild or moderate Covid-19. While one of the doses appeared to accelerate the decline in viral load, others did not show significant effects by day 11.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Virology
Jira Chansaenroj, Ritthideach Yorsaeng, Nawarat Posuwan, Jiratchaya Puenpa, Natthinee Sudhinaraset, Chintana Chirathaworn, Yong Poovorawan
Summary: Efficient monitoring and control of COVID-19 require access to diagnostic tests, and in this study, antibodies were investigated in patients recently diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Results showed that IgM, IgG, and IgA seropositivity rates were lowest 1-2 weeks after infection, with IgM decreasing after 4 weeks while IgG and IgA remained at appreciable levels for 8 weeks. IgG RDT can be useful for identifying recent SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Review
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Miriam Merad, Catherine A. Blish, Federica Sallusto, Akiko Iwasaki
Summary: Considerable research effort has been focused on deciphering the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infections and understanding the pathophysiology of COVID-19, including Long Covid syndrome. The hope is that knowledge gained from this research will be applied to studies of inflammatory processes in critical and chronic illnesses in the future.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Chang-Sheng Xia, Minghua Zhan, Yudong Liu, Zhi-Hong Yue, Ying Song, Feifei Zhang, Hui Wang
Summary: This study assessed the levels of protective antibodies in SARS survivors with and without the COVID-19 vaccine, and found that SARS survivors have protective antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 even without vaccination, and generate a stronger antibody response after vaccination compared to controls.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS
(2023)
Review
Biochemical Research Methods
Qi Song, Xindi Sun, Ziyi Dai, Yibo Gao, Xiuqing Gong, Bingpu Zhou, Jinbo Wu, Weijia Wen
Summary: COVID-19 is an acute respiratory disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 with high transmissibility, severe cases can lead to death. Currently, RT-PCR is the primary diagnostic method, yet POCT offers advantages of ease of use and timely detection, reducing the testing burden on central hospitals and facilitating early detection and treatment.
Review
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Leila Safaee Ardekani, Peter Waaben Thulstrup
Summary: Coronaviruses are a family of viruses that can cause severe respiratory diseases, including the recent SARS-CoV-2. Various diagnostic assays, such as the gold nanoparticle-based lateral flow assays, have been developed for rapid detection of the virus. These assays are simple, low-cost, and portable, making them ideal for on-site field detection without the need for skilled staff or sophisticated equipment.
Letter
Immunology
Beth L. Cobb, Amr H. Sawalha
Summary: This study reports a novel COVID-19 antibody assay that can rapidly detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a subject's fingerstick blood following COVID-19 vaccination, with detectable antibodies persisting for at least 6 months. Rapid point of care COVID-19 antibody tests may play a role in assessing the appearance and durability of immune response following COVID-19 vaccination.
CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemical Research Methods
Dan Liu, Haicong Shen, Yuqian Zhang, Danyu Shen, Mingyang Zhu, Yanling Song, Zhi Zhu, Chaoyong Yang
Summary: The MI-IF-RPA assay developed in this study offers a rapid and sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2, integrating RT-RPA and LF detection systems into a single microfluidic chip. The assay provides easily interpretable results with a short testing time of approximately 30 minutes, showing high sensitivity and specificity, making it a cost-effective screening tool for resource-limited areas in complement to RT-PCR.
Article
Immunology
Baolin Liao, Zhao Chen, Peiyan Zheng, Linghua Li, Jianfen Zhuo, Fang Li, Suxiang Li, Dingbin Chen, Chunyan Wen, Weiping Cai, Shanhui Wu, Yanhong Tang, Linwei Duan, Peilan Wei, Fangli Chen, Jinwei Yuan, Jinghong Yang, Jiaxin Feng, Jingxian Zhao, Jincun Zhao, Baoqing Sun, Airu Zhu, Yimin Li, Xiaoping Tang
Summary: Characterizing the serologic features of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection is crucial for diagnostics and control. This study found that asymptomatic infections exhibit weaker overall antibody responses, primarily inducing IgG antibody responses. Anti-S2-IgG shows better sensitivity in identifying asymptomatic infections early after infection compared to anti-RBD-IgG.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jen-Hui Tsou, Hongjie Liu, Sanford A. Stass, Feng Jiang
Summary: This study developed a rapid CRISPR test for sensitive detection of SARS-CoV-2 without the need for RNA extraction, allowing for completion within one hour. The test is simple to operate, requiring minimal equipment, and results can be visualized immediately using a UV light illuminator or paper strips.
Article
Chemistry, Analytical
Ciro Rodriguez Diaz, Nuria Lafuente-Gomez, Catarina Coutinho, Demian Pardo, Hernan Alarcon-Iniesta, Maria Lopez-Valls, Rocio Coloma, Paula Milan-Rois, Mirian Domenech, Melanie Abreu, Rafael Canton, Juan Carlos Galan, Rebeca Bocanegra, Luis A. Campos, Rodolfo Miranda, Milagros Castellanos, Alvaro Somoza
Summary: This article presents a colorimetric sensor based on gold nanoparticles for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 sequences. The sensor is fast, reliable, and easily scalable, with the ability to detect target sequences within 15 minutes. The efficiency and selectivity of detection are evaluated using synthetic samples, infected cells, and patient samples. The system's sensitivity is enhanced through an affordable amplification approach, enabling the detection of high and medium viral loads. The proposed approach is valuable for facilities with limited resources due to its ease of use, stability, and minimal equipment requirements.
Review
Chemistry, Analytical
Daohong Zhang, Deepak Kukkar, Ki-Hyun Kim
Summary: This review focuses on recent advances in in vitro immunoassays for COVID-19 diagnosis and provides a comprehensive discussion on the basic strategies available to establish advanced immunological detection systems. It is expected to help develop upscaled point-of-care diagnostic systems for efficient screening of COVID-19 and for early seroprevalence surveys towards possible future outbreaks.
TRAC-TRENDS IN ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
(2023)
Article
Allergy
Qing Lei, Yang Li, Hong-yan Hou, Feng Wang, Zhu-qing Ouyang, Yandi Zhang, Dan-yun Lai, Jo-Lewis Banga Ndzouboukou, Zhao-wei Xu, Bo Zhang, Hong Chen, Jun-biao Xue, Xiao-song Lin, Yun-xiao Zheng, Zong-jie Yao, Xue-ning Wang, Cai-zheng Yu, He-wei Jiang, Hai-nan Zhang, Huan Qi, Shu-juan Guo, Sheng-hai Huang, Zi-yong Sun, Sheng-ce Tao, Xiong-lin Fan
Summary: The study found that combining nucleic acid testing with serological testing significantly increases the detection sensitivity of asymptomatic infections. Asymptomatic individuals mainly produce IgM and IgG antibodies against S1 and N proteins, with S1-specific IgM antibodies potentially serving as early diagnostic biomarkers. Some asymptomatic individuals do not produce neutralizing antibodies, and these antibodies gradually disappear within two months.