Article
Construction & Building Technology
Yan Huo, Gao-Wan Zou, Hui Dong, Fang-Ming Cheng
Summary: This study investigates the impact of concentration gradient of premixed gas and tunnel cross-sectional area on the propagation of deflagration using numerical simulation. It is found that an appropriate concentration gradient can induce violent deflagration, while excessively high concentration gradient hinders the propagation speed. Furthermore, the size of the tunnel cross-section also affects the spreading ability of the deflagration flame.
TUNNELLING AND UNDERGROUND SPACE TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Civil
Xiao Chen, Zhiwei Ding, Shouxiang Lu
Summary: The study experimentally investigated the combined effect of sidewall height and cross air flow on the mass burning rate, flame height, and flame tilt behavior of pool fire. Results showed that the mass burning rate increases with cross wind velocity while the presence of sidewalls affects the rate, and a dimensionless parameter was introduced to illustrate this effect. Then, the study further examined the impact of sidewall height on burning rate, flame height, and flame tilt angle of pool fire.
FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Aaron Yip, Jan B. Haelssig, Michael J. Pegg
Summary: The composition of a multicomponent pool fire changes during burning, affecting key fire properties such as burning rate. Models based on fuel properties and correlations for flame height and temperature are crucial for predicting burning rate and assessing fire hazards in scenarios involving multicomponent fuels.
Article
Thermodynamics
Xiaoyu Ju, Mikio Mizuno, Tsuneyoshi Matsuoka, Takuya Yamazaki, Kazunori Kuwana, Yuji Nakamura
Summary: Fire whirls have higher mean flame heights compared to free buoyant pool fires. This study experimentally investigated the effect of imposed circulation on flame heights and found that the scaling law proposed in previous studies does not work in certain cases. A new scaling law based on dimensional analysis is proposed. The flame pulsation frequency of fire whirls is lower but increases with an increase in imposed circulation.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhenxiang Tao, Wenjie Yang, Zhanhui Sun, Minze Chen, Jian Wang, Rui Yang, Hui Zhang
Summary: A series of pool fires were conducted to investigate the impact of pool shape and environmental pressure on wall fire behavior. The study revealed that the burning rate of both annular and rectangular pool fires increased with increasing length ratio of the poolside. Additionally, at the stable burning stage, the pool burning rate also increased with environmental pressure.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMAL SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xianjia Huang, Jinkai Wang, He Zhu, Chaoliang Xing, Tharindu Lakruwan Wickremanayake Karunaratne, Cheuk Lun Chow, Wan Ki Chow
Summary: Fire hazard assessment on green facade used to be carried out by a window plume. Large amount of fuel was burnt. A small pool fire placed adjacent to the facade can give similar effect on assessing the hazardous consequences. Fire plume characteristics provide important information of fire hazards adjacent to facade. The average flame height of rectangular source fire located against different sidewall materials were investigated in this study. Burning tests were conducted with rectangular burners of different dimensions with adjacent walls of different thermal properties, including steel plate and calcium silicate board. Experi-mental results of fire source with sidewall were compared with those in open space. Due to sidewall blockage, a deep necking-in structure was observed at the flame base and entrained air for combustion. Effect of aspect ratio of the fire pool and effect of heat loss through a sidewall on the average flame height were investigated. Convection lost would decrease the temperature of the fuel-air mixture and should not be ignored. On average, the mean flame height of the fire source with steel plate was 1.08 times that with calcium silicate board. A model for estimating the average flame height was developed by modifying the mirror model.
CASE STUDIES IN THERMAL ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
He Liang, Tao Wang, Zhenmin Luo, Xuqing Wang, Xiaofeng Kang, Jun Deng
Summary: The study found that an increase in initial temperature results in a decrease in the highest explosion pressure and explosion induction period, as well as an increase in the maximum flame temperature, while an increase in initial pressure raises the highest explosion pressure and the maximum flame temperature. Among the four explosion parameters, initial pressure has the largest influence.
Article
Thermodynamics
Lei Deng, Fei Tang, Xinkai Wang
Summary: Combustion plays a crucial role in energy storage, with energy burning rate and flame shape being key factors. The study of oil energy storage burning rate and flame shape characteristics is essential for controlling energy transfer during combustion. Experimental results show that the proposed correlation is applicable for both annular pools and solid burners.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Seungchul Woo, Jungkoo Lee, Kihyung Lee
Summary: With the strengthening of emission regulations, researchers worldwide are studying alternative fuels that can be immediately adopted. Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is considered a practical solution, as it emits fewer pollutants and can be used when switching to an electric powertrain is not immediately feasible. However, research on optimizing the performance of LPG conversion engines is still insufficient. This study analyzes the injection characteristics of LPG in a gasoline direct-injection engine, finding that LPG has superior atomization properties compared to gasoline.
Article
Thermodynamics
Jinlong Zhao, Xiang Zhang, Jianping Zhang, Wei Wang, Changkun Chen
Summary: This paper examines the effects of ullage height on the burning and flame behaviors of heptane pool fires experimentally and analytically. The results show that the total flame length can be divided into down-reaching flame length and upper flame length. The down-reaching flame length increases with the increase of ullage height, while the upper flame length shows the opposite trend. When the ullage height is very large, the flame fluctuates periodically and may self-extinguish due to lack of oxygen.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Bingang Guo, Jianfeng Gao, Bin Hao, Bingjian Ai, Bingyuan Hong, Xinsheng Jiang
Summary: This paper analyzes the influence of mixed obstacles on the deflagration process of liquefied petroleum gas and studies the coupling relationship among the explosion overpressure characteristics, the structure of flame, and the speed of flame propagation. The research provides important theoretical guidance for preventing LPG leakage and explosion accidents in a long and narrow space.
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhenxiang Tao, Jiansong Wu, Na Wei, Quanyi Liu, Rui Yang, Zhanhui Sun, Hui Zhang
Summary: In this study, three types of rectangular pool fires were conducted in a simulated cargo compartment to investigate the effects of sidewall distance and ambient pressure on fire behavior. The results showed that the sidewall distance and ambient pressure had significant impacts on the flame height and sidewall temperature. Models for calculating the burning rate and flame height were developed using dimensionless distance, entrainment coefficient, and equivalent diameter.
JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY
(2023)
Article
Physics, Multidisciplinary
Payal Patial, Nupur Aggarwal, Manish Deshwal, Haewon Byeon, Hitendra Kumar Lautre, Naveen Kumar
Summary: Transparent and crack-free ZnO thin films were prepared on a silicon substrate using spin coating technique, and the effect of variable thickness on their properties was analyzed. The crystallographic structure of the films was characterized using X-ray diffraction, and it was found that a thickness of 155 nm resulted in the best gas sensing performance.
Article
Economics
Qinghe Su, Mehtabul Azam
Summary: Using a nationally representative survey in India, this study examines the impact of using liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) as cooking fuel on the time spent in cooking and employment activities for rural women. The authors use a spatial instrument to account for LPG usage, finding that LPG has no effect on women's participation in cooking activities but does reduce time spent in cooking and increase time spent in employment. Additionally, the study uncovers a rebound effect where LPG leads to a slight increase in the number of cooking events per day. The impact of LPG usage on time allocation is primarily driven by married women.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Salih Ozer, Usame Demir, Gokhan Coskun
Summary: This study investigated the effects of using the TSI engine with alternative fuels on emissions. The results showed that coolant temperature had a significant impact on emissions. The emissions of liquid DI-TSI LPG fuel were more sensitive to coolant temperature, with higher temperatures leading to decreased HC and CO emissions.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Bryan Wan, Trent Parker, Qingsheng Wang
Summary: This literature review examines different approaches to industrial storage tank fires and explores how quantitative consequence analysis with thermal modeling can assist in developing fire preplans and emergency response planning guidelines. By using thermal contours generated by consequence modeling software, emergency response planners can take into account sociotechnical factors and site-specific hazards, and identify appropriate preventive measures and responses.
PROCESS SAFETY PROGRESS
(2023)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Rui Fu, Kongyong Cui, Jingang Yang, Haiyan Xu, Dong Yin, Weihua Song, Hongjian Wang, Chenggang Zhu, Lei Feng, Zhifang Wang, Qingsheng Wang, Ye Lu, Kefei Dou, Yuejin Yang
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of fasting stress hyperglycemia ratio (SHR) for in-hospital mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) under different glucose metabolism status. The results showed a strong positive association between high SHR values and in-hospital mortality regardless of diabetes status. Fasting SHR can be considered as a useful marker for risk stratification in AMI patients.
DIABETES RESEARCH AND CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zeren Jiao, Zhuoran Zhang, Seungho Jung, Qingsheng Wang
Summary: In order to assess the potential life-threatening consequences of toxic dispersion, it is crucial for emergency responders, plant operators, and safety professionals to have a fast and accurate prediction. In this study, a toxic chemical dispersion casualty database containing 450 leak scenarios of 18 toxic chemicals is constructed to develop a machine learning based quantitative property-consequence relationship (QPCR) model. The results show that the developed QPCR model can accurately predict the toxic dispersion casualty range under different lethal consequences.
JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES
(2023)
Correction
Mechanics
Hang Yi, Zifeng Yang, Mark Johnson, Luke Bramlage, Bryan Ludwig
Article
Materials Science, Composites
Dounia Boushab, Hasnaa Ouidadi, Aniket Mote, Matthew Priddy, Santanu Kundu, Charles U. U. Pittman Jr, Jaime Grunlan, Qingsheng Wang, Thomas Lacy Jr
Summary: Aircraft crashes often lead to fire incidents which can mask or destroy crucial failure features for accident reconstruction. This study conducted vertical flame tests on mechanically failed graphite/epoxy specimens to understand the fire-induced damage and degradation. The results showed that the stacking sequence of the specimens, fracture surface morphology, and available free surface area significantly influenced the thermal degradation and damage. The presence of char layers impeded heat conduction and oxygen transfer, resulting in less thermal damage to underlying plies.
POLYMER COMPOSITES
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Hongfei Xu, Faisal Khan, Seungho Jung, Qingsheng Wang
Summary: The study aims to develop a risk-based flow assurance model for hydrates and wax, assessing the likelihood of blockages using thermo-hydraulic data. The models were tested against published studies and lab data, and their application was demonstrated through case studies. The models would aid in developing and implementing pipeline design and intervention strategies for a safe operation.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2023)
Article
Nutrition & Dietetics
Tianyu Li, Xiaozeng Wang, Zhenyu Liu, Zheng Zhang, Yongzhen Zhang, Zhifang Wang, Yingqing Feng, Qingsheng Wang, Xiaogang Guo, Xiaofang Tang, Jingjing Xu, Ying Song, Yan Chen, Na Xu, Yi Yao, Ru Liu, Pei Zhu, Yaling Han, Jinqing Yuan
Summary: This study investigated the prevalence and prognostic significance of malnutrition in patients with abnormal glycemic status and coronary artery disease (CAD). It found that malnutrition is not rare in these patients, with a higher prevalence among diabetic patients. Moderate-severe malnutrition strongly predicted all-cause death, regardless of the assessment tool. Assessing the nutritional status of CAD patients with prediabetes and diabetes may help identify those at high risk of all-cause death and improve prognosis.
Article
Construction & Building Technology
Zhihong Pang, Xing Lu, Pingfan Hu, Zheng O'Neill, Qingsheng Wang
Summary: This study develops and evaluates a smart ventilation control algorithm (SIREN) that dynamically adjusts zone and system-level HVAC operation to maintain an acceptable COVID-19 infection risk and HVAC energy efficiency.
JOURNAL OF BUILDING PERFORMANCE SIMULATION
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Harold U. Escobar-Hernandez, Yufeng Quan, Maria I. Papadaki, Qingsheng Wang
Summary: This article focuses on the sustainability of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and compares traditional solvothermal synthesis with a proposed reactive extrusion synthesis. The research reveals that reactive extrusion has much lower environmental and health impacts compared to solvothermal reaction for producing 1 kg of MOFs.
ACS SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY & ENGINEERING
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Xinjiao Tian, Qisheng Ou, Yajing Lu, Jingxian Liu, Yun Liang, David Y. H. Pui, Hang Yi
Summary: This study aims to evaluate the effect of oil fraction on the loading performance of single-stage and two-stage filtration systems. The results show that a certain amount of oil can increase the dust holding capacity of filters by forming a more porous cake, while excess oil reduces the dust holding capacity by forming impermeable liquid films. The effectiveness of a pre-stage filter can be significantly affected by the properties of incoming aerosol and main-stage filters, which can unintentionally reduce the lifetime of the main-stage filter.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hang Yi, Zifeng Yang, Luke C. Bramlage, Bryan R. Ludwig
Summary: In this study, the pathophysiology mechanisms of cerebral aneurysms in monozygotic twins were investigated. Despite genetic similarities, significant differences in the configurations of cerebral arteries were observed between the twins. Numerical modeling showed both similarities and differences in hemodynamic characteristics between the twins, suggesting that morphological variations in monozygotic twins could be influenced by embryological and environmental factors, ultimately affecting the pathophysiology of cerebral aneurysms.
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Mitchell Huffman, Qingsheng Wang, Faisal Khan
Summary: As the human population grows, sustainable practices are necessary to protect the planet and preserve the standard of living. Frameworks like life cycle assessment and the triple bottom line provide approaches to quantify sustainability, but there is a need for additional considerations such as safety and interrelations between sustainability pillars. Existing sustainability metrics show inconsistencies in their results and imply the need for a comprehensive assessment that is interrelated and time dependent.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Wei Zhou, Gang Li, Haoran Zhao, Xiupeng Zhang, Jazmine Aiya D. Marquez, Qingsheng Wang
Summary: The explosion characteristics of runaway battery vented gas (BVG) were studied, and the effects of ambient temperature, turbulence conditions, and graphite dust were investigated. The temperature increase reduced the maximum explosion pressure of BVG, while turbulence had little effect on explosion pressure but significantly affected the rate of explosion pressure rise. Adding graphite dusts helped BVG reach the maximum explosion pressure at a lower volume concentration and reduced the time to reach the maximum pressure after ignition.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Environmental
Jianpeng Wang, Xiaoyang Luan, Jiali Huo, Mingju Jing, Mitchell Huffman, Qingsheng Wang, Bin Zhang
Summary: Hydrogen has the potential for emissions-free energy production, making it a strategic opportunity for renewable energy storage. Safety issues related to high-pressure hydrogen incidents are a key factor limiting its development. This study uses a CFD model to investigate the characteristics of high-pressure hydrogen jet flames under different forms of barrier walls and hydrogen pressure. Results show that complex barrier walls can effectively block flames compared to vertical barriers. A 60-degree plate is the preferred choice based on flame shape and temperature analysis.
PROCESS SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Wenhe Wang, Yu Guang, Wei Liu, Kuiling Shen, Mitchell Huffman, Qingsheng Wang
Summary: Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) is a key technology for addressing global climate change. This study investigated the stress corrosion cracking (SCC) sensitivity of a supercritical CO2 pipeline made of X70 steel with different O2 and SO2 contents. The results showed that a concentration of 200 ppm SO2 exhibited clear SCC sensitivity, which became more pronounced at 600 ppm. The study further elucidated the stress corrosion mechanism of a supercritical CO2 pipeline containing SO2 and O2 impurities and provided guidance for preventing leakage and industrial application of CCUS.
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Chao Chen, Hang Chen, Li Mo, Shenbin Xiao, Changjun Li, Ming Yang, Genserik Reniers
Summary: Fire-induced domino effect is a major threat to hazardous material storage tanks. Previous research neglected the impact of wind load on the thermal buckling behavior of tanks exposed to fire. This paper conducts a numerical simulation to analyze the synergistic effects of fire and wind loads on the thermal post-buckling behavior of storage tanks, considering wind parameters and heat radiation parameters.
JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Zhang Chu, Liu Lili, Li Wei, Li Beibei, Liu Mingxing
Summary: This study predicts the fatigue life of blasting discs using a combined simulation method and measures the deformation of conventional slotted blasting discs subjected to repeated loading using a high-precision laser scanning method. A relationship model is established between deformation, loading pressure, cycle number, and change in blasting pressure. The results show that the deformation varies linearly with the cycle number and follows a power function relationship with the change in blasting pressure. The deformation can be used to accurately predict the fatigue life of blasting discs.
JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Shin-Mei Ouyang, Jia-Chi Ye, Wei-Chun Chen, Yu-Jen Chen, Chin-Feng Chen
Summary: This study employed the Taguchi method and analysis of variance to investigate the factors that influence the deterioration of pyrotechnics when stored under different humidity and temperature conditions. Various experimental methods were used to study the microstructure, heat flow, and safety of the pyrotechnics. The results showed that humidity had a significant impact on the pyrotechnics, and controlling humidity could reduce the hazards associated with storing pyrotechnics.
JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Bei Li, Huiqiang Liu, Heng Gao, Chi-Min Shu, Mingshu Bi
Summary: The moisture content sprayed into the dust layer in industrial sites is a main factor affecting reignition. The study found that moisture has a certain influence on the thermophysical properties of the dust layer, playing an important role in heat transfer and heat absorption processes. The results showed that as the moisture content increased, the thermal conductivity and heat sink density of the sample increased, indicating the need to have a heat sink density higher than the heat increase value to suppress ignition.
JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES
(2024)
Article
Engineering, Chemical
Yue Jing, Yong Pan, Fan Yang, Dan Wei, Wenhe Wang
Summary: A comprehensive risk assessment method for the esterification process was proposed in this study. It established a comprehensive evaluation index system and utilized improved Dempster-Shafer evidence theory and cloud model for assessment. The method was validated through case studies and showed consistency with established indexes.
JOURNAL OF LOSS PREVENTION IN THE PROCESS INDUSTRIES
(2024)
