Review
Immunology
Jiaxin Zheng, Yingying Deng, Zhenyu Zhao, Binli Mao, Mengji Lu, Yong Lin, Ailong Huang
Summary: Understanding the dynamics and characteristics of virus-specific humoral immunity in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients is crucial for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic. Further research is needed to examine the correlations between antibody titers, especially neutralizing antibodies, and protection against SARS-CoV-2 reinfection. Children have been shown to have a more effective humoral immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to adults.
CELLULAR & MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Eunjin Lee, Ji Eun Oh
Summary: This article introduces key findings on humoral immune responses in COVID-19, including the immune dynamics of antibody responses and correlations with disease severity, neutralizing antibodies and their cross-reactivity, the duration of antibody and memory B-cell responses, aberrant autoreactive antibodies in COVID-19 patients, and the efficacy of currently available therapeutic antibodies and vaccines against circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants, while also highlighting gaps in current knowledge.
MOLECULES AND CELLS
(2021)
Article
Biology
Waleed Mahallawi, Mohammad Alzahrani, Ziab Alahmadey
Summary: This study aimed to investigate the persistence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in recovered patients in Al Madinah region of Saudi Arabia. The findings provide evidence to support the use of an anti-S IgG ELISA as a diagnostic tool to indicate SARS-CoV-2 infection, with IgG seropositivity sustained in recovered patients up to a hundred days post-infection.
SAUDI JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Infectious Diseases
Vivian Gluck, Leonid Tydykov, Anna-Lena Mader, Anne-Sophie Warda, Manuela Bertok, Tanja Weidlich, Christine Gottwald, Josef Kostler, Bernd Salzberger, Ralf Wagner, Michael Koller, Andre Gessner, Barbara Schmidt, Thomas Glueck, David Peterhoff
Summary: The immune response to COVID-19 vaccination differs between naive vaccinees and those who were previously infected with SARS-CoV-2. Longitudinal quantitative and qualitative serological differences in these two distinct immunological subgroups in response to vaccination are currently not well studied.
Article
Immunology
Sachie Nakagama, Yu Nakagama, Yuko Komase, Masaharu Kudo, Takumi Imai, Evariste Tshibangu-Kabamba, Yuko Nitahara, Natsuko Kaku, Yasutoshi Kido
Summary: More people with a history of prior infection are receiving SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Understanding the level of protection granted by 'hybrid immunity', the combined response of infection- and vaccine-induced immunity, may impact vaccination strategies through tailored dosing. Analysis of participants with prior infection showed higher antibody titers and enhanced immune response, especially among older individuals. These findings contribute to the growing body of evidence supporting the effectiveness of booster vaccinations following prior infection.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Rosanna W. Peeling, David L. Heymann, Yik-Ying Teo, Patricia J. Garcia
Summary: Diagnostics play a crucial role in the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Molecular tests like PCR are recommended for confirming diagnosis in symptomatic individuals, while antigen rapid detection tests have the advantage of being easier to perform with faster results and lower cost. Antibody tests can inform public policy but should not be used as proof of immunity. All three types of tests continue to be important in transitioning from pandemic response to control.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zeli Zhang, Jose Mateus, Camila H. Coelho, Jennifer M. Dan, Carolyn Rydyznski Moderbacher, Rosa Isela Galvez, Fernanda H. Cortes, Alba Grifoni, Alison Tarke, James Chang, E. Alexandar Escarrega, Christina Kim, Benjamin Goodwin, Nathaniel Bloom, April Frazier, Daniela Weiskopf, Alessandro Sette, Shane Crotty
Summary: Multiple COVID-19 vaccines have successfully protected against symptomatic cases and deaths. Comparisons of T cell, B cell, and antibody responses to different vaccines can provide insights into protective immunity against COVID-19, particularly immune memory. mRNA vaccines and Ad26.COV2.S induced strong T cell responses, while mRNA vaccines showed substantial declines in antibodies.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Einav G. Levin, Yaniv Lustig, Carmit Cohen, Ronen Fluss, Victoria Indenbaum, Sharon Amit, Ram Doolman, Keren Asraf, Ella Mendelson, Arnona Ziv, Carmit Rubin, Laurence Freedman, Yitshak Kreiss, Gili Regev-Yochay
Summary: A study in Israel revealed that waning immunity after receiving two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine led to an increase in the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Levels of spike-binding IgG and neutralizing antibodies decreased more significantly in men, individuals aged 65 or older, and immunosuppressed individuals in a longitudinal study involving nearly 4000 healthcare workers.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Kathryn Macrae, Catherine Yuqing Gong, Prameet Sheth, Jorge Martinez-Cajas, Yanping Gong
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the antibody responses post three doses of COVID-19 vaccination in the Canadian population. The results showed that most vaccines were effective in producing robust antibody responses, and the more doses were given, the higher the serological response. However, a significant number of participants had lower antibody levels compared to the average levels prior to breakthrough infections, indicating the need for additional vaccination to ensure immunity against SARS-CoV-2.
Article
Infectious Diseases
Ole Schmeltz Sogaard, Joanne Reekie, Isik Somuncu Johansen, Henrik Nielsen, Thomas Benfield, Lothar Wiese, Nina Breinholt Staerke, Kasper Iversen, Kamille Fogh, Jacob Bodilsen, Mette Iversen, Lene Surland Knudsen, Vibeke Klastrup, Fredrikke Dam Larsen, Sidsel Dahl Andersen, Astrid Korning Hvidt, Signe Rode Andreasen, Lone Wulff Madsen, Susan Olaf Lindvig, Anne Ovrehus, Sisse Rye Ostrowski, Christiane Abildgaard, Charlotte Matthews, Tomas O. Jensen, Dorthe Raben, Christian Erikstrup, Thea K. Fischer, Martin Tolstrup, Lars Ostergaard, Jens Lundgren
Summary: This study aimed to identify individual characteristics associated with the effectiveness and durability of COVID-19 vaccines. The study found that comorbidity, male sex, vaccine type, and age ≥75 years were associated with a lower response to the vaccine and a lack of durable antibody response. Vaccine-induced antibodies had declined to pre-second-vaccination levels for most individuals after 6 months.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND INFECTION
(2022)
Article
Microbiology
Yunwen Zhang, Zhengrong Yang, Sicheng Tian, Baisheng Li, Tiejian Feng, Jianfan He, Min Jiang, Xiujuan Tang, Shujiang Mei, Hao Li, Yifan Zhong, Guilian Li, Mingyuan Tang, Sijing Liu, Tian Tang, Chuan Wang, Xiaohui Wang
Summary: This study identified two B cell linear epitopes, P104 and P82, located in the non-RBD region of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein. The combination of epitopes significantly improved the positive reaction rate, with the (S14P5 + S21P2 + P104) pattern exhibiting the highest positive reaction rate for all patients.
Article
Immunology
Barbara Poniedzialek, Ewelina Hallmann, Dominika Sikora, Karol Szymanski, Katarzyna Kondratiuk, Jakub Zurawski, Piotr Rzymski, Lidia Brydak
Summary: Evidence suggests that vaccination against seasonal influenza can enhance innate immune responses to COVID-19 and reduce disease severity. This study aimed to compare humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 in non-hospitalized, COVID-19 unvaccinated patients and mild COVID-19 convalescent patients who were and were not vaccinated against influenza. The results showed that influenza-vaccinated patients had higher levels of antibodies against nucleocapsid and receptor binding domain compared to non-vaccinated patients.
Article
Veterinary Sciences
Ana Judith Perise-Barrios, Beatriz Davinia Tomeo-Martin, Pablo Gomez-Ochoa, Pablo Delgado-Bonet, Pedro Plaza, Paula Palau-Concejo, Jorge Gonzalez, Gustavo Ortiz-Diez, Antonio Melendez-Lazo, Michaela Gentil, Javier Garcia-Castro, Alicia Barbero-Fernandez
Summary: The study found that dogs with alpha-SARS-CoV-2 IgG were not positive for SARS-CoV-2 RT-qPCR, even in those with severe pulmonary disease, suggesting low likelihood of transmission even in case of canine infection. Dogs living in COVID-19-positive households may have higher exposure to SARS-CoV-2 infection.
VETERINARY RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Anna Sabrina Kuechler, Sandra Weinhold, Fritz Boege, Ortwin Adams, Lisa Mueller, Florian Babor, Sabrina B. Bennstein, T-X Uyen Pham, Maryam Hejazi, Sarah B. Reusing, Derik Hermsen, Markus Uhrberg, Karin Schulze-Bosse
Summary: This study describes a diagnostic procedure for scheduling (re-)vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 based on individual humoral immunization status. The researchers monitored individuals before, during, and six months after vaccination with the Spikevax vaccine. The study found that measuring serum-based SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels could potentially support personalized vaccination schedules.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Daniel M. Altmann, Catherine J. Reynolds, George Joy, Ashley D. Otter, Joseph M. Gibbons, Corinna Pade, Leo Swadling, Mala K. Maini, Tim Brooks, Amanda Semper, Aine Mcknight, Mahdad Noursadeghi, Charlotte Manisty, Thomas A. Treibel, James C. Moon, Rosemary J. Boyton
Summary: This study analyzes the immune response in healthcare workers with mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection and compares it to those with Long Covid. The results show no significant differences in immune responses between the two groups up to 18 weeks post-infection and 1 year after vaccination, suggesting that immune response variations are unlikely to be a contributing factor to Long Covid development.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xingyu Zhang, Li Tang, Zhentao Zhang
Summary: ADAM10 and ADAM17 act as alpha-secretase to cleave membrane-anchored proteins, with lysosomal cysteine protease AEP playing a key role in their degradation. Knockout of AEP increases the content of ADAM10/17 in the brain, potentially implicating AEP-mediated degradation in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Lina Pan, Lanxia Meng, Mingyang He, Zhentao Zhang
Summary: The pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease include the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra and the formation of Lewy bodies in remaining neurons. In addition to alpha-Syn, Tau, associated with tauopathies like Alzheimer's disease, has also been found to play a role in the pathophysiology of PD. Understanding the structure and function of Tau may provide new targets for the early diagnosis and treatment of PD.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Li Zou, Xingyu Zhang, Min Xiong, Lanxia Meng, Ye Tian, Lina Pan, Xin Yuan, Guiqin Chen, Zhihao Wang, Lihong Bu, Zhaohui Yao, Zhaohui Zhang, Keqiang Ye, Zhentao Zhang
Summary: Parkinson's disease is a common neurodegenerative disease characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway. Dysfunction in synaptic turnover of dopamine and protein cleavage by AEP contribute to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in PD. The fragmentation of SYNJ1 by AEP mediates synaptic dysfunction and dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in PD.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Yun Xia, Guoxin Zhang, Liang Kou, Sijia Yin, Chao Han, Junjie Hu, Fang Wan, Yadi Sun, Jiawei Wu, Yunna Li, Jinsha Huang, Nian Xiong, Zhentao Zhang, Tao Wang
Summary: Increasing evidence suggests that microglial activation plays a crucial role in the initiation and progression of Parkinson's disease, with cell-to-cell propagation of alpha-synuclein pathology being a highlighted feature. Recent studies indicate that plasma exosomes from Parkinson's disease patients carry pathological alpha-synuclein and target microglia preferentially, suggesting their key role in investigating the transmission of alpha-synuclein by microglia.
Review
Neurosciences
Yiyuan Xia, Zhi-Hao Wang, Zhentao Zhang, Xia Liu, Shan Ping Yu, Jian-Zhi Wang, Xiao-Chuan Wang, Keqiang Ye
Summary: The newly identified delta-secretase, AEP, cleaves both APP and Tau, promoting Alzheimer's disease. It also cleaves BACE1, enhancing its enzymatic activity and contributing to senile plaque deposition in AD. The interaction between delta-secretase and BACE1 worsens AD pathogenesis.
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Lanxia Meng, Li Zou, Min Xiong, Jiehui Chen, Xingyu Zhang, Ting Yu, Yiming Li, Congcong Liu, Guiqin Chen, Zhihao Wang, Keqiang Ye, Zhentao Zhang
Summary: This study reveals a novel mechanism of synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease, where the synaptic protein synapsin I is cleaved into fragments by the enzyme AEP, leading to synaptic dysfunction.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Xiaoxia Zhou, Zhenhua Liu, Xiaoting Zhou, Yaqin Xiang, Zhou Zhou, Yuwen Zhao, Hongxu Pan, Qian Xu, Yase Chen, Qiying Sun, Xinyin Wu, Hongzhuan Tan, Bin Li, Kai Yuan, Yali Xie, Weihua Liao, Shuo Hu, Jianping Zhu, Xuehong Wu, Jianhua Li, Chunyu Wang, Lifang Lei, Jiayu Tang, Yonghong Liu, Heng Wu, Wei Huang, Tao Wang, Zheng Xue, Puqing Wang, Zhentao Zhang, Ping Xu, Ling Chen, Qing Wang, Xuejing Wang, Oumei Cheng, Yuefei Shen, Weiguo Liu, Min Ye, Yong You, Jinchen Li, Xinxiang Yan, Jifeng Guo, Beisha Tang
Summary: The Chinese Parkinson's Disease Registry (CPDR) is one of the largest multicenter, observational, longitudinal, and natural history studies of Parkinson's disease (PD) in China. It aims to expand the understanding of clinical features, genetic, imaging, and biological markers of PD progression.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Seong Su Kang, Lanxia Meng, Xingyu Zhang, Zhiping Wu, Ariana Mancieri, Boer Xie, Xia Liu, David Weinshenker, Junmin Peng, Zhentao Zhang, Keqiang Ye
Summary: DOPEGAL, a metabolite of norepinephrine, covalently modifies tau and accelerates its aggregation and propagation, leading to cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease. The selective vulnerability of noradrenergic locus ceruleus (LC) neurons in AD may be explained by oxidation of norepinephrine via monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) into DOPEGAL, which modifies tau and facilitates its aggregation, toxicity, and propagation.
NATURE STRUCTURAL & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Chuntao Lei, Mengran Li, Yang Qiu, Yaru Xie, Zhe Hao, Xingjie Yin, Zhentao Zhang, Hua Su, Linlin Yang, Jihong Lin, Hans-Peter Hammes, Chun Zhang
Summary: This study shows that asparaginyl endopeptidase (AEP) protects against podocyte injury in diabetic nephropathy (DN) by modulating cytoskeleton dynamics. AEP upregulation is associated with podocyte injury protection and renal function preservation.
CELL DEATH & DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Neurosciences
Ye Tian, Lina Pan, Xin Yuan, Min Xiong, Zhaohui Zhang, Lanxia Meng, Yongfa Zheng, Lihong Bu, Ximing Xu, Zhentao Zhang
Summary: Parkinson's disease is the most common motor-associated neurodegenerative disease. Mitochondrial dysfunction is believed to contribute to the onset and progression of Parkinson's disease (PD). A study found that alpha-synuclein 1-103 fragment interacts with mitochondria, causing abnormalities in their structure and function. The therapeutic agent 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) was shown to protect against mitochondrial dysfunction induced by alpha-synuclein 1-103 fragment.
NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Xin Yuan, Yingxu Yang, Chaoyang Liu, Ye Tian, Danhao Xia, Zehua Liu, Lina Pan, Min Xiong, Jing Xiong, Lanxia Meng, Zhaohui Zhang, Keqiang Ye, Haiqiang Jiang, Zhentao Zhang
Summary: This study reveals that exposure to PM2.5 may have a direct impact on α-Syn pathology and increase the risk for Parkinson's disease. PM2.5 promotes the fibrillization and aggregation of α-Syn, leading to enhanced seeding activity and neurotoxicity of α-Syn fibrils. Additionally, PM2.5 induces mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress.
MOVEMENT DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Chaoyang Liu, Zehua Liu, Yanyan Fang, Zizhuo Liao, Zhibing Zhang, Xin Yuan, Ting Yu, Yunying Yang, Min Xiong, Xingyu Zhang, Guoxin Zhang, Lanxia Meng, Zhentao Zhang
Summary: This study investigates the toxic effects and underlying mechanisms of the fungicide maneb on dopaminergic cell degeneration and alpha-synuclein. It is found that maneb induces cell apoptosis through the activation of the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway and the PKA/CREB signaling pathway. These findings provide new insights into the neurotoxicity of maneb.
ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL
(2023)
Review
Neurosciences
Xiaodi Guo, Guoxin Zhang, Qinyu Peng, Liqin Huang, Zhaohui Zhang, Zhentao Zhang
Summary: Meningeal lymphatic vessels (mLVs) are responsible for draining molecules and cells from the cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid into lymph nodes. Aging and ApoE4, two risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD), can disrupt mLV function, leading to the accumulation of metabolic products, neuroinflammation, and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the brain. Understanding the role of mLV dysfunction in AD pathogenesis can help identify new therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative and neuroinflammatory diseases.
JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE
(2023)
Article
Neurosciences
Qinyu Peng, Guoxin Zhang, Xiaodi Guo, Lijun Dai, Min Xiong, Zhaohui Zhang, Liam Chen, Zhentao Zhang
Summary: The Galectin-9/Tim-3 pathway plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease by exacerbating microglial activation, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, and dopaminergic neurodegeneration.
FRONTIERS IN MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Lanxia Meng, Congcong Liu, Miao Liu, Jiehui Chen, Chaoyang Liu, Zhaohui Zhang, Guiqin Chen, Zhentao Zhang
Summary: This study reveals that the yeast protein Ure2p interacts with Tau protein and facilitates its aggregation, exacerbating the pathology of Alzheimer's disease. This finding suggests that non-mammalian prions may cross-seed and impact the aggregation of similar proteins in mammals.
