Measurement of Electric and Magnetic Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles in the X-Band Using Nicolson-Ross-Weir Analysis

The electric and magnetic properties of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) have been investigated through waveguide measurement in the x-band. Because of the advantages of the x-band, the application of the Nicolson-Ross-Weir (NRW) method was able to be used to extract the mentioned characteristics from the scattering parameters. The advantages of the NRW method are that it is fast and applicable to waveguides and coaxial lines, and it can also be used to determine both the permittivity and permeability. Therefore, the results show two main resonant frequencies at 9.279 GHz and 10.46 GHz. The response of the ZnO NPs for an incident electromagnetic wave implies that both capacitance and inductance behaviors can be observed. Finally, the obtained magnetic susceptibility characteristic confirms that the ZnO NPs are ferromagnetic over the frequency range from 8 GHz to 8.265 GHz and paramagnetic up to 12.5 GHz.