Article
Immunology
Elnaz Khani, Marzieh Shahrabi, Haleh Rezaei, Fariba Pourkarim, Hoda Afsharirad, Mohammad Solduzian
Summary: Despite limited data on effective immunomodulatory agents, remdesivir is currently the only approved drug for inhibiting viral replication in COVID-19. This study reviews the use of anakinra, a recombinant IL-1 receptor antagonist, for off-label use in COVID-19 treatment. The review highlights the importance of treatment duration, dosage, route of administration, and early initiation of therapy for achieving optimal therapeutic effects of anakinra in COVID-19 patients. Further research is needed to explore the role of anakinra in treating cytokine release syndrome and to identify ideal treatment approaches based on patients' clinical status.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jie Geng, Feng Wang, Zhiwei Huang, Xiaobo Chen, Yuliang Wang
Summary: The overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines, known as cytokine storm, is a key factor in severe COVID-19 pathology and a crucial cause of death. IL-1 blockade agents are being investigated as a potential treatment option to mitigate this overwhelming immune response, offering a safe and effective approach for hyperinflammatory COVID-19 patients.
Article
Immunology
Robin Arcani, Florian Correard, Pierre Suchon, Gilles Kaplanski, Rodolphe Jean, Raphael Cauchois, Marine Leprince, Vincent Arcani, Julie Seguier, Benjamin De Sainte Marie, Baptiste Andre, Marie Koubi, Pascal Rossi, Stephane Gayet, Nirvina Gobin, Victoria Garrido, Joris Weiland, Elisabeth Jouve, Anne-Laure Couderc, Patrick Villani, Aurelie Daumas
Summary: This study compared the efficacy of tocilizumab and anakinra in treating severe COVID-19 and found that both drugs have similar effectiveness and safety profiles.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Aliae A. R. Mohamed Hussein, Reem Sayad, Abdelrahman Abdelshafi, Islam Abdelaal Hammam, Ahmed M. Kedwany, Shrouk Alaa-eldein Elkholy, Islam H. Ibrahim
Summary: This research summarized the safety and efficacy of Anakinra in patients with COVID-19, showing promising results in reducing mortality rates and the need for invasive mechanical ventilation.
Article
Immunology
Reza Elahi, Parsa Karami, Amir Hossein Heidary, Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
Summary: This article reviews the role of IL-6 pathway in lung damage and ARDS in severe COVID-19 and discusses the rationale for IL-6 signaling blockade. Clinical data, challenges, and possible solutions are discussed, along with special clinical considerations for using different IL-6 inhibitors.
INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Maureen Yin, Laura Marrone, Christian G. Peace, Luke A. J. O'Neill
Summary: Severe COVID-19 is associated with hyperinflammation and dysregulated cytokine release, which is caused by intense and rapid stimulation of the innate immune response. The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a crucial role in this inflammatory response, leading to the release of proinflammatory cytokines and cell death. Clinical trials are underway to target NLRP3 for the treatment of severe COVID-19.
QJM-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2023)
Article
Microbiology
Leland Shapiro, Sias Scherger, Carlos Franco-Paredes, Amal Gharamti, Andres F. Henao-Martinez
Summary: EMA and FDA have announced conditions for using rhIL-1ra to treat COVID-19 based on positive results from a clinical trial. This article reviews the feasibility of IL-1 blockade as a treatment for COVID-19 and discusses its potential application in sepsis treatment.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Immunology
John Hogan, Ralf Duerr, Dacia Dimartino, Christian Marier, Sarah E. Hochman, Sapna Mehta, Guiqing Wang, Adriana Heguy
Summary: This article describes the first cases of independently acquired V792I RNA-dependent RNA polymerase mutation in renal transplant recipients after exposure to remdesivir. The findings underscore the need for enhanced efforts to identify concerning mutations and address their clinical implications.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2023)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Laura Castelnovo, Antonio Tamburello, Alfredo Lurati, Eleonora Zaccara, Maria Grazia Marrazza, Micol Olivetti, Nicola Mumoli, Daniela Mastroiacovo, Daniele Colombo, Elisabetta Ricchiuti, Paolo Vigano', Faggioli Paola, Antonino Mazzone
Summary: Tocilizumab and sarilumab may be effective in treating COVID-19 pneumonia, reducing mortality rates. Anti-IL6 drugs can decrease inflammation levels, shorten hospitalization times, and reduce the risk of death from multi-organ failure. However, further research is needed to determine the optimal treatment timing.
Review
Rheumatology
Fotios Barkas, Sebastian Filippas-Ntekouan, Maria Kosmidou, Evangelos Liberopoulos, Angelos Liontos, Haralampos Milionis
Summary: Anakinra reduces both the need for invasive mechanical ventilation and mortality risk in hospitalized non-intubated patients with COVID-19 without increasing the risk of adverse events, according to a meta-analysis of nine studies. Confirmation of efficacy and safety requires randomized placebo-controlled trials.
Article
Immunology
Lili Li, Jie Li, Meiling Gao, Huimin Fan, Yanan Wang, Xin Xu, Chunfeng Chen, Junxiao Liu, Jocelyn Kim, Roghiyh Aliyari, Jicai Zhang, Yujie Jin, Xiaorong Li, Feng Ma, Minxin Shi, Genhong Cheng, Heng Yang
Summary: The study identified IL-8 as a biomarker to predict disease severity and prognosis of COVID-19 patients, showing that IL-8 is more distinct for mild cases compared to IL-6.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Pranay Sinha, S. Reza Jafarzadeh, Sabrina A. Assoumou, Catherine G. Bielick, Bethanne Carpenter, Shivani Garg, Sahni Harleen, Tuhina Neogi, Midori Jane Nishio, Manish Sagar, Veronika Sharp, Eugene Y. Kissin
Summary: The study analyzed data from four safety-net hospital systems in the United States regarding the use of IL-6 inhibitors in COVID-19 patients, indicating a potential reduction in in-hospital mortality. The findings, while lacking precision, suggest a significant effect of IL-6i in lowering the odds of COVID-19-related deaths during hospitalization.
JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Jakob J. Malin, Isabelle Suarez, Vanessa Priesner, Gerd Fatkenheuer, Jan Rybniker
Summary: Remdesivir is the first approved treatment for COVID-19, showing therapeutic and prophylactic effects in animal models of various viruses. However, it failed in a clinical trial on ebolavirus disease but showed beneficial effects for patients with COVID-19 in a placebo-controlled trial.
CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY REVIEWS
(2021)
Review
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jia-Jie Chen, Li-Na Zhang, Hu Hou, Lingqing Xu, Kunmei Ji
Summary: This study provides an overview of the biology underlying cytokine release syndrome (CRS) in patients with COVID-19 and suggests that targeted inhibition of interleukin (IL)-6 signaling can improve patient outcomes and survival. Clinical data support the use of IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) targeting inhibitors in the treatment of severe and critical cases of COVID-19.
EXPERIMENTAL AND THERAPEUTIC MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Wei Huang, Mei Li, Guangwei Luo, Xiaojie Wu, Bintao Su, Lan Zhao, Shuang Zhang, Xiaofan Chen, Min Jia, Jianhua Zhu, Wen Su, Dongxin Zhang
Summary: COVID-19 is associated with immune dysregulation and cytokine storm, leading to altered levels of various immune cells and cytokines in the body. Some specific factors could potentially be used as biomarkers for predicting disease severity and progression.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Allergy
E. Iemoli, L. Borgonovo, A. Fusi, C. Magni, E. D. Ricci, G. Rizzardini, S. Piconi
Article
Immunology
Giorgio Ciprandi, Cristoforo Incorvaia, Franco Frati
EXPERT REVIEW OF CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY
(2015)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
David A. Stempel, Ibrahim H. Raphiou, Kenneth M. Kral, Anne M. Yeakey, Amanda H. Emmett, Charlene M. Prazma, Kathleen S. Buaron, Steven J. Pascoe
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2016)
Article
Immunology
L. Drago, E. Iemoli, V. Rodighiero, L. Nicola, E. De Vecchi, S. Piconi
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF IMMUNOPATHOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY
(2011)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Enrico Iemoli, Daria Trabattoni, Serena Parisotto, Linda Borgonovo, Marco Toscano, Giuliano Rizzardini, Mario Clerici, Elena Ricci, Alessandra Fusi, Elena De Vecchi, Stefania Piconi, Lorenzo Drago
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2012)
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Lorenzo Drago, Marco Toscano, Elena De Vecchi, Stefania Piconi, Enrico Iemoli
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL GASTROENTEROLOGY
(2012)
Article
Immunology
Stefania Piconi, Daria Trabattoni, Veronica Rainone, Linda Borgonovo, Simone Passerini, Giuliano Rizzardini, Franco Frati, Enrico Iemoli, Mario Clerici
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2010)
Article
Allergy
Oliviero Rossi, Angelo Piccirillo, Enrico Iemoli, Annalisa Patrizi, Luca Stingeni, Stefano Calvieri, Massimo Gola, Paolo Dapavo, Antonio Cristaudo, Leonardo Zichichi, Laura Losappio, Fabiana Saccheri, Elide Anna Pastorello
WORLD ALLERGY ORGANIZATION JOURNAL
(2020)
Article
Dermatology
Antonietta Cappuccio, Tommaso Limonta, Aurora Parodi, Antonio Cristaudo, Filomena Bugliaro, Serafinella P. Cannavo, Oliviero Rossi, Carlotta Gurioli, Alice Vignoli, Roberta Parente, Enrico Iemoli, Giacomo Caldarola, Ornella De Pita, Sergio Di Nuzzo, Mauro Cancian, Concetta Potenza, Marco Caminati, Luca Stingeni, Rosita Saraceno, Sara Trevisini, Angelo Piccirillo, Claudio Sciarrone, Rosanna Panebianco, Massimo Gola, Antonio Costanzo, Teresa Grieco, Katia Massaroni, Luigi Reale, Maria G. Marini
ACTA DERMATO-VENEREOLOGICA
(2017)