A Smart Contact Lens Controller IC Supporting Dual-Mode Telemetry With Wireless-Powered Backscattering LSK and EM-Radiated RF Transmission Using a Single-Loop Antenna

This article presents a controller IC for smart contact lens (SCL). For wireless telemetry, we propose a transmitter supporting dual-mode operations with a single external loop antenna. In the wireless-powered backscattering load-shift keying (LSK) mode, the transmitter is configured to use the antenna as an ${L}$ for magnetic resonance coupling. The transmitter switches its configuration to be an active LC oscillator circuit in the RF-radiated transmission mode. To suppress the average power consumption, a 0.2% duty cycling is applied with a controlled timing schedule while minimizing static power consumption in the sleep mode. To reduce the effect of instantaneous discharging, the period of data transmission is shortened by transmitting data with a higher rate. The designed IC is fabricated using 0.18- $\mu \text{m}$ CMOS. For in vitro verifications in both modes, an SCL is implemented by integrating the IC, a glucose sensor, a thin-film battery, a loop antenna, and a supply-regulating capacitor. The IC achieves a power consumption of 143 nW with an input dynamic range of 89 dB.