Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Shahid Malik, Kaushal Kishore, Laxmeesha Somappa, Sandip Lashkare, Tarikul Islam, S. A. Akbar, Maryam Shojaei Baghini
Summary: This article presents a robust signal conditioning circuit for capacitive sensors, based on the dual-slope and phase-sensitive-detection technique, designed to measure the capacitance of leaky capacitive sensors. The circuit is accurate, mitigates the effect of shunting conductance, and the error due to parasitic/stray capacitance can be neglected.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jose A. Hidalgo-Lopez, Julian Castellanos-Ramos
Summary: This article presents a new type of capacitive DIC that is simple in terms of hardware, needing only two resistors of known value and the DP in order to make the capacitance estimation. The design has been tested for a wide range of capacitances, showing good performance with an average relative error of 0.41%, linearity errors below 0.3%, and a minimum signal-to-noise ratio of 64 dB.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Marcelo Alejandro Haberman, Enrique Mario Spinelli, Ferran Reverter
Summary: This article proposes a novel supply-voltage driving (SVDR) scheme for capacitive sensor front-ends to eliminate parasitic capacitance effects. Through the use of active-shielding technique and smart driving of the amplifier supply voltage reference node, the effects of parasitic capacitance of the cable are avoided. Experimental testing demonstrates the feasibility of the circuit, which does not require bulky components and is a lower-cost solution suitable for integration.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jose A. Hidalgo-Lopez
Summary: This article introduces a new circuit that directly interfaces a capacitive sensor affected by parasitic series resistances to a digital processor (DP). The circuit only requires minimal hardware components and takes advantage of the presence of DPs in many applications. By using the new circuit, the power consumption and measurement time are reduced, while achieving accurate estimation of sensor capacitance. The circuit has been implemented and evaluated using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA).
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yuxuan Luo, Yida Li, Aaron Voon-Yew Thean, Chun-Huat Heng
Summary: This article presents a wireless multi-channel sensor interface circuit using a CDMA-like sensing method to record both resistive and capacitive sensors, transmitting wirelessly through a PWM UWB transmitter with edge-encoding technique to achieve a high SNR. The fabricated sensor node is energy efficient with a die area of 1.35 mm(2) and consumes 70 mu W power.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yuxin Qin, Hongcheng Xu, Siyu Li, Dandan Xu, Weihao Zheng, Weidong Wang, Libo Gao
Summary: This study successfully develops a flexible dual-mode capacitive sensor that combines proximity and pressure sensing, and enables wireless sensing. The sensor is fabricated using low-cost screen printing and laser engraving methods, and exhibits features such as high detection distance, extended operating range, low detection limit, and fast response time.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yunjia Li, Weitao Dou, Aijun Yang, Yong Zhang, Kai Tao, Dayong Qiao
Summary: In this article, a capacitive readout system with automatic parasitic capacitance cancellation function is designed and implemented. The system cancels out parasitic capacitance by matching a digital programmable capacitor. The experimental results show that the system achieves small measurement errors when measuring ceramic capacitors and MEMS micromirrors.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Laxmeesha Somappa, Shahid Malik, Shuchin Aeron, Sameer Sonkusale, Maryam Shojaei Baghini
Summary: This work introduces high resolution and adaptable frequency measurement techniques for capacitive sensors, utilizing simple hardware and different 1-bit hardware approaches to determine frequencies with resolutions greater than 20 bits from a 1-bit data stream, and estimating high resolution frequency using parametric, non-parametric and compressed sensing methods. Experimental results demonstrate that the 1-bit comparator along with the CS approach provides the best performance across different input conditions.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Multidisciplinary
Jose A. Hidalgo-Lopez
Summary: This article presents a new Direct Interface Circuit (DIC) that allows digital readout of a group of sensors with a wide range of applications. The circuit is simple and improves measurement accuracy.
Article
Automation & Control Systems
Jaeyun Kim, Yong Bum Kim, Dong-Yeop Seok, Seung Yeon Lee, Jae Yoon Sim, Hyouk Ryeol Choi
Summary: This article proposes a method to improve the resolution of a capacitive-type torsion sensor by amplifying the output signal variation with a series-resonant circuit. The study considers the data sampling method and the effects of the resonant circuit on the output signal. The proposed method is adaptable to a majority of existing C-type sensors.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Zbigniew Czaja
Summary: A complete smart capacitive sensor solution based on a microcontroller was developed, including the hardware and software. The hardware part consists of an 8-bit microcontroller with timers/counters and a stable RC relaxation oscillator. The software part handles system configuration, measurement control, communication control, and data processing. The microcontroller acts as a frequency meter, while the relaxation oscillator generates a square wave based on the sensor capacitance. The article also proposes a calibration method reducing the measurement range to 1 pF. The experimentally proven relative measurement errors for sensor capacitance are less than 0.012% for values smaller than 12 pF, and less than 0.0084% for values from 12 to 300 pF.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Hamed Osouli Tabrizi, Saghi Forouhi, Morteza Ghafar-Zadeh, Omid Farhanieh, Tina Shaffaf, Sebastian Magierowski, Ebrahim Ghafar-Zadeh
Summary: This paper presents the design and implementation of a new CMOS capacitive sensor and explores its applicability in monitoring dried DNA mass for DNA memory technologies. The paper proposes a solution to the challenge of monitoring the physical storage of dried DNA material by developing a CMOS capacitive sensor. Experimental results demonstrate successful detection of dried DNA mass and enable the detection range compatible with DNA concentrations used in DNA memory technologies.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Giorgia Subbicini, Luciano Lavagno, Mihai T. Lazarescu
Summary: This paper proposes a new slope modulation differential capacitance measurement method for long-range measurement of single-plate capacitive sensors. The method uses a constant oscillation period and compares the slopes of adjacent voltage ramps to reject noise interference and improve sensitivity.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2022)
Review
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Aluisio do Nascimento Wrasse, Eduardo Nunes dos Santos, Marco Jose da Silva, Hao Wu, Chao Tan
Summary: This article reviews the different capacitive sensors applied to multiphase flow measurement and imaging. It presents and discusses the operating principles, sensor geometries, and capacitive measuring circuits, along with the advantages and disadvantages focusing on flow applications and possible flow parameters yielded from sensors. Some new trends in capacitive flow sensors are also presented.
IEEE SENSORS JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Rakesh Tirupathi, Sougata Kumar Kar
Summary: This brief introduces a switched-capacitor based low offset differential output sensor interface for MEMS capacitive accelerometers, which employs an improved demodulation scheme to reduce zero-g offset. The interfacing ASIC is designed and fabricated using UMC 180 nm CMOS process technology, achieving a maximum sensitivity of 1.45 V/g with less than 2% non-linearity error, a zero-g offset less than 3 milli-g, and a noise floor of approximately 200 mu g/root Hz.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS II-EXPRESS BRIEFS
(2021)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
David Liang Tai Wong, Yongfu Li, John Deepu, Weng Khuen Ho, Chun-Huat Heng
Summary: This paper presents an efficient binary convolutional neural network algorithm for classifying between Ventricular and non-Ventricular Ectopic Beat images. The algorithm achieves high classification accuracy and sensitivity, with low dynamic power dissipation.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jiqing Lu, Wenhui Wang, Jinxuan Liang, Jun Lan, Longyang Lin, Feichi Zhou, Kai Chen, Guobiao Zhang, Mei Shen, Yida Li
Summary: This study systematically investigates the effect of Ar plasma on the source/drain contact in low temperature fabricated ALD ZnO thin-film transistors, and finds the mechanism for reducing contact resistance through detailed analysis. The optimized process time significantly reduces the contact resistance and enhances the field-effect mobility of the transistors.
IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jingcheng Tao, Wei Mao, Zhihong Luo, Lei Zeng, Chun-Huat Heng
Summary: This letter presents a fully integrated inductive power converter for thermal energy harvesting using a thermoelectric generator. The converter features a three-step self-start module, enabling it to cold-start from as low as 83 mV. Once self-started, the converter only requires a minimum input voltage of 6.4 mV to sustain its operation. The integration of a maximum power point tracking module and a low-power zero-current switching module ensures accurate switching and achieves a peak end-to-end efficiency of 81%.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Jingcheng Tao, Nan Wang, Yao Zhu, Eldwin Jiaqiang Ng, Chun-Huat Heng
Summary: This letter presents a nanowatt-level detector-first wakeup receiver using a microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based matching network. The receiver utilizes an aluminum nitride (AlN) piezoelectric MEMS resonator to implement a high-impedance matching network, thus improving the receiver's sensitivity. The high-Q MEMS-based matching network also significantly enhances the receiver's out-of-band interference rejection. A gate-biased envelope detector is used for RF-to-baseband direct conversion. The wakeup receiver is implemented in a 180-nm CMOS process and achieves a sensitivity of -57 dBm with a 1-kbps on-off keying (OOK) data rate at 789 MHz using only 16-nW power consumption.
IEEE MICROWAVE AND WIRELESS COMPONENTS LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yanshu Guo, Zhongyuan Fang, Kai Tang, Zhaoyang Weng, Chuanshi Yang, Nan Wang, Eldwin J. Ng, Zhihua Wang, Chun-Huat Heng, Hanjun Jiang, Yuanjin Zheng
Summary: This article presents a 915-MHz ultra-low-power sub-sampling phase-tracking receiver that adopts a zero-IF PT-RX topology to simplify the architecture and improve power consumption. The RX achieves an energy efficiency of 32.8 pJ/bit at a data rate of 5 Mb/s, with a sensitivity of -69.5 dBm.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Ziyi Chang, Yunshan Zhang, Changgui Yang, Yuxuan Luo, Sijun Du, Yong Chen, Bo Zhao
Summary: In many applications, it is necessary to reduce the size of wireless systems, which are limited by the battery and crystal in system miniaturization. Recent advancements in battery-free radios based on wireless power transfer (WPT) have shown great potential in miniature wireless systems, but the design of a reliable on-chip clock without a crystal remains a challenge. This study proposes a method of locking an on-chip oscillator using the 2nd-order inter-modulation (IM2) component of two RF WPT tones, providing a low-jitter clock that is robust to variations in process, voltage, and temperature (PVT). The proposed crystal-less clock generator achieves a small area footprint in wireless system chips and demonstrates low phase noise and power consumption.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS I-REGULAR PAPERS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Kai Tang, Chuanshi Yang, Yanshu Guo, Nan Wang, Yao Zhu, Ying Zhang, Eldwin Jiaqiang Ng, Joshua En-Yuan Lee, Zhongyuan Fang, Wensong Wang, Hanjun Jiang, Chun-Huat Heng, Yuanjin Zheng
Summary: This article introduces an ultralow-power microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based transceiver and wake-up receiver. The system supports a shared antenna interface and uses adaptive fast switching technique and high-Q MEMS resonator to reduce power consumption and achieve frequency stability. The MEMS-based modulator provides LO in FSK RX for better interference filtering, and the FSK-matched filter with matching network and current-reuse LNA ensure high blocker/interference rejection with low power. The fabricated TX generates FSK signals with high output power and a data rate of up to 6 Mb/s, while the RX exhibits high sensitivity and in-band signal-to-interference ratio at 2 Mb/s data rate. Overall, the proposed system achieves significant energy efficiency improvement and is suitable for energy-efficient pico-IoT applications.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Changgui Yang, Yunshan Zhang, Ziyi Chang, Zhuhao Li, Huan Gao, Yuxuan Luo, Kedi Xu, Gang Pan, Bo Zhao
Summary: Miniaturization is crucial for designing wireless neural-recording systems. In recent years, the elimination of batteries in these systems has been achieved through wireless power transfer (WPT), but the miniaturization of the antenna and crystal has posed challenges. This study presents a 0.4 mm³ battery-less crystal-less neural-recording system on die (SoD) with a 2 mm x 2 mm on-chip coil antenna. The communication range is extended by a proposed dither-based technique, and a wireless-lock technique is used to remove the crystal. The SoD achieves a wireless communication range of 1.6 cm with a power consumption of 53.2 mu W, accompanied by simultaneous WPT for battery-less operation.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
Yunshan Zhang, Changgui Yang, Junhong Sun, Zhuhao Li, Huan Gao, Yuxuan Luo, Kedi Xu, Gang Pan, Bo Zhao
Summary: Wireless neural-recording instruments eliminate bulky cables, reducing the impact on freely-moving animals. The proposed technique reduces power consumption and achieves high-performance analog-to-digital conversion for neural-recording chips. Combined with BLE and a PCB antenna, a miniature wireless headstage system was implemented with no battery requirement, and in-vivo demonstration was conducted on a Parkinson's disease rat.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture
Cheng Zhuo, Zeyu Yang, Kai Ni, Mohsen Imani, Yuxuan Luo, Shaodi Wang, Deming Zhang, Xunzhao Yin
Summary: This article proposes an ultracompact CAM design using a 1T-1MTJ structure in each cell to improve area efficiency and speed. Evaluation results show that compared to state-of-the-art 15T-4MTJ and 20T-6MTJ CAM designs, the proposed 1T-1MTJ-based CAM design improves area efficiency by 179x/301x and achieves a speedup of 54.6x/12.8x in hyperdimensional computing inference compared to GPU and 20T-6MTJ CAM approaches.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON COMPUTER-AIDED DESIGN OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Yunshan Zhang, Changgui Yang, Ziyi Chang, Zhuhao Li, Huan Gao, Yuxuan Luo, Kedi Xu, Gang Pan, Bo Zhao
Summary: This article proposes a battery-free wireless neural recording system based on 8-shaped overlapped antennas and a beat impulse radio, with an overall dimension of 4.7 x 4.7 mm. The system is implemented in a 65-nm CMOS process, and an animal experiment validates its performance on a male Sprague-Dawley rat. The proposed system achieves a communication range of 3 cm in a battery-free fully wireless way, with a 140 pJ/bit energy efficiency.
IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS
(2023)
Article
Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence
Hasita Veluri, Umesh Chand, Yida Li, Baoshan Tang, Aaron Voon-Yew Thean
Summary: This article presents the design of a hardware-aware deep neural network (DNN) accelerator that combines a planar-staircase resistive random access memory (RRAM) array with a variation-tolerant in-memory compute methodology. The proposed accelerator achieves higher peak power efficiency and area efficiency, making significant contributions to realizing the visions of the Internet of Things (IoT) with robust, compact, and low-power deep neural network accelerators.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NEURAL NETWORKS AND LEARNING SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Engineering, Biomedical
David Liang Tai Wong, Yongfu Li, Deepu John, Weng Khuen Ho, Chun-Huat Heng
Summary: In this paper, a quantized multilayer perceptron (qMLP) is introduced to convert ECG signals to binary images, which can be classified using a binary convolutional neural network (bCNN). The model is deployed on a low-power and low-resource FPGA fabric, requiring fewer multiply and accumulate operations compared to known wearable CNN models. The model achieves high classification accuracy and other performance metrics, along with low power dissipation.
IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON BIOMEDICAL CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Hong Chen, Lianzheng Li, Jinbin Wang, Guangchao Zhao, Yida Li, Jun Lan, Beng Kang Tay, Gaokuo Zhong, Jiangyu Li, Mingqiang Huang
Summary: In this study, the performance of hafnium oxide memristor has been optimized using low-temperature atomic layer deposition and post-metal annealing methods. The device exhibits high performance and compatibility with the CMOS back-end-of-line process, making it a potential candidate for implementing artificial intelligence neural networks.
IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Engineering, Electrical & Electronic
Zhongyuan Fang, Wensong Wang, Jipeng Wang, Bingqiang Liu, Kai Tang, Liheng Lou, Chun-Huat Heng, Chao Wang, Yuanjin Zheng
Summary: With the rapid development of semiconductor technologies, the integration of wideband RF transceivers has become a popular research topic. These transceivers offer compact size, low power consumption, and find applications in various fields such as radar, communications, and localization. With the integration of artificial intelligence, precise localization, versatile sensing, and intelligent communications can be achieved.
IEEE CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS MAGAZINE
(2022)
