Article
Environmental Sciences
Wenli Fei, Hui Zheng, Zhongfeng Xu, Wen-Ying Wu, Peirong Lin, Ye Tian, Mengyao Guo, Dunxian She, Lingcheng Li, Kai Li, Zong-Liang Yang
Summary: This study compares the performance of a multi-physics ensemble (Noah-MP) with a multi-model ensemble (NLDAS) in terms of annual cycle and interannual anomaly at 12 River Forecast Centers in the United States. The results show that, although Noah-MP configurations generally outperform NLDAS models, especially in snow-dominated areas, the ensemble mean of Noah-MP does not have a superiority. This suggests the importance of inter-member independence when evaluating hydrological ensemble methods.
WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Prabhjot Kaur, Jagdish Chandra Joshi, Preeti Aggarwal
Summary: A multi-model decision support system (MM-DSS) has been developed for forecasting avalanche danger in the Chowkibal-Tangdhar region by integrating four avalanche forecasting models. Weather variables are predicted using artificial neural networks (ANN) and the models are validated using various skill scores like TSS and HSS. The MM-DSS provides avalanche forecasts with a lead time of three days.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Huizi Bai, Dengpan Xiao, Bin Wang, De Li Liu, Puyu Feng, Jianzhao Tang
Summary: Future extreme climate events are projected to become more frequent and intense, posing a great threat to wheat productivity in the North China Plain. Effective adaptation measures to mitigate heat stress for wheat should be a top priority in the region.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
William R. Boos, Salvatore Pascale
Summary: The core North American monsoon is generated when Mexico's Sierra Madre mountains deflect the extratropical jet stream towards the Equator, mechanically forcing eastward, upslope flow that lifts warm and moist air to produce convective rainfall. Land surface heat fluxes do precondition the atmosphere for convection, particularly in summer afternoons, but these heat fluxes alone are insufficient for producing the observed rainfall maximum. Our results indicate that the core North American monsoon should be understood as convectively enhanced orographic rainfall in a mechanically forced stationary wave, not as a classic, thermally forced tropical monsoon.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Stephen J. Vavrus, Fuyao Wang, Paul Block
Summary: This study assessed the accuracy of seven global climate models (GCMs) in predicting rainy season precipitation in coastal Peru. The results showed a wide range in accuracy among the models, with the forecasts generally overestimating the precipitation. The accuracy of the forecasts decreased with increasing lead time and varied across different regions. The study also found that the relationship between rainfall and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influenced the forecast skill.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kathleen B. Quebedeaux, Christopher A. Taylor, Amanda N. Curtis, Eric R. Larson
Summary: This study characterized the distribution, habitat associations, and conservation status of the Boston Mountains Crayfish. It found that average annual precipitation had a strong effect on the historic distribution of this species, and its presence was negatively associated with sandy soils and other burrowing crayfish species. Additionally, this study successfully developed an environmental DNA assay for this terrestrial crayfish.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Eviatar Bach, Michael Ghil
Summary: Data assimilation aims to optimally combine partial and noisy model forecasts and observations. Multi-model data assimilation generalizes the variational or Bayesian formulation of the Kalman filter and is proven to be the minimum variance linear unbiased estimator. In this study, a multi-model ensemble Kalman filter (MM-EnKF) based on this framework is formulated and implemented. The MM-EnKF can combine multiple model ensembles for both data assimilation and forecasting in a flow-dependent manner by providing adaptive model error estimation and matrix-valued weights for the separate models and observations. Numerical experiments using the Lorenz96 model show that the MM-EnKF results in significant error reductions compared to the best model and an unweighted multi-model ensemble in terms of probabilistic and deterministic metrics.
JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MODELING EARTH SYSTEMS
(2023)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Lin Wang, Hong-Li Ren, Xiangde Xu, Bohua Huang, Jie Wu, Jingpeng Liu
Summary: This study investigates the seasonal-interannual predictions of summer precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau and finds that the prediction skill varies regionally, with the southwestern part of the plateau having higher skill. The skill of predicting precipitation anomalies in this region relies on the models' ability to reproduce the observed relationship between the anomalies and Pacific Sea surface temperature. Using multiple observational datasets for verification can lead to variations in prediction skill, with the multi-observation mean performing best in the southwestern Tibetan Plateau.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2022)
Article
Evolutionary Biology
Eric J. South, Rachel K. Skinner, R. Edward DeWalt, Boris C. Kondratieff, Kevin P. Johnson, Mark A. Davis, Jonathan J. Lee, Richard S. Durfee
Summary: Through transcriptome data analysis, a robust foundation for the North American Plecoptera species has been established, revealing previously unresolved or contested classification relationships.
SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Plant Sciences
Andrea E. Berardi, Ana C. Betancourt Morejon, Robin Hopkins
Summary: This study investigates the patterns of floral evolution in the North American Silene section Physolychnis, a group characterized by the evolution of novel red floral color and exposure to hummingbird pollinators. The results show that the clustering of floral traits does not align with phenotypically divergent pollination syndromes, and there is little evidence that phylogenetic history or geographic overlap explains patterns of floral diversity in this group. Additionally, it is found that red-flowering species have evolved floral traits that align with the hummingbird syndrome, but also overlap with white and pink species.
FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Carlos E. Santibanez-Lopez, Paula E. Cushing, Alexsis M. Powell, Matthew R. Graham
Summary: The study explores the biogeographic history of the eremobatid genus Eremocosta, revealing that sampled species diversified within distinct desert regions and there may be additional cryptic species within the genus. The power of genome-wide data for unlocking genetic potential of organisms like camel spiders, which are difficult to collect, is highlighted.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Borja Figueirido, Alejandro Perez-Ramos, Anthony Hotchner, David M. Lovelace, Francisco J. Pastor, Paul Palmqvist
Summary: Research on the brain of the extinct North American cheetah compared to the living cheetah shows unique differences, indicating a potential reevaluation of the convergence between the two species.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Manuel Hernandez, Liang Chen
Summary: This study utilizes model projections to find that the North American Monsoon (NAM) may experience reduced and shifted rainfall patterns in the future. Early monsoon season rainfall deficits are associated with increased evaporative demand, a negative dynamic response of vertical moisture advection, and anomalous subsidence. Increases in late monsoon season rainfall are attributed to a positive change in the dynamical term of vertical moisture advection and increases in upward motion. These changes can have significant impacts on the ecological and societal aspects.
JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
William W. W. Booker, Emily Moriarty Lemmon, Alan R. R. Lemmon, Margaret B. B. Ptacek, Alyssa T. B. Hassinger, Johannes Schul, H. Carl Gerhardt
Summary: After polyploid species are formed, interactions between diploid and polyploid lineages may generate additional diversity in novel cytotypes and phenotypes. In anurans, mate choice by acoustic communication is an important mechanism for reproductive isolation and diversification. This study provides clarity on the biogeography and acoustic communication evolution of the North American grey treefrog complex by examining the genetic history, geographic origin of polyploid lineages, and lineage-specific differences in mating signals based on a large acoustic dataset.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Qiaoyun Hu, Philippe Goloub, Igor Veselovskii, Thierry Podvin
Summary: This study investigates biomass burning aerosols (BBA) transported from North American wildfires in September 2020. The research finds significant variations in BBA properties, which are likely correlated with the combustion process, the lifting of BBA plumes, and the conditions during aging. The study also shows that BBA can act as ice nucleating particles in the troposphere.
ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS
(2022)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
William J. Merryfield, Johanna Baehr, Lauriane Batte, Emily J. Becker, Amy H. Butler, Caio A. S. Coelho, Gokhan Danabasoglu, Paul A. Dirmeyer, Francisco J. Doblas-Reyes, Daniela I. Domeisen, Laura Ferranti, Tatiana Ilynia, Arun Kumar, Wolfgang A. Mueller, Michel Rixen, Andrew W. Robertson, Doug M. Smith, Yuhei Takaya, Matthias Tuma, Frederic Vitart, Christopher J. White, Mariano S. Alvarez, Constantin Ardilouze, Hannah Attard, Cory Baggett, Magdalena A. Balmaseda, Asmerom F. Beraki, Partha S. Bhattacharjee, Roberto Bilbao, Felipe M. de Andrade, Michael J. DeFlorio, Leandro B. Diaz, Muhammad Azhar Ehsan, Georgios Fragkoulidis, Sam Grainger, Benjamin W. Green, Momme C. Hell, Johnna M. Infanti, Katharina Isensee, Takahito Kataoka, Ben P. Kirtman, Nicholas P. Klingaman, June-Yi Lee, Kirsten Mayer, Roseanna McKay, Jennifer Mecking, Douglas E. Miller, Nele Neddermann, Ching Ho Justin Ng, Albert Osso, Klaus Pankatz, Simon Peatman, Kathy Pegion, Judith Perlwitz, G. Cristina Recalde-Coronel, Annika Reintges, Christoph Renkl, Balakrishnan Solaraju-Murali, Aaron Spring, Cristiana Stan, Y. Qiang Sun, Carly R. Tozer, Nicolas Vigaud, Steven Woolnough, Stephen Yeager
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2020)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Kathy Pegion, Christopher M. Selmanz, Sarah Larson, Jason C. Furtado, Emily J. Becker
Article
Environmental Sciences
Lin Zhao, S-Y Simon Wang, Emily Becker, Jin-Ho Yoon, Avik Mukherjee
ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2020)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Michael K. Tippett, Michelle L. L'Heureux, Emily J. Becker, Arun Kumar
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2020)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jadwiga H. Richter, Kathy Pegion, Lantao Sun, Hyemi Kim, Julie M. Caron, Anne Glanville, Emerson LaJoie, Stephen Yeager, Who M. Kim, Ahmed Tawfik, Dan Collins
WEATHER AND FORECASTING
(2020)
Article
Astronomy & Astrophysics
Andrew C. Ross, Charles A. Stock, Keith W. Dixon, Marjorie A. M. Friedrichs, Raleigh R. Hood, Ming Li, Kathleen Pegion, Vincent Saba, Gabriel A. Vecchi
EARTH AND SPACE SCIENCE
(2020)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Jason C. Furtado, Judah Cohen, Emily J. Becker, Dan C. Collins
Summary: The study finds that the NMME Phase-2 models have mixed performance in capturing the characteristics of NAM and its teleconnections, with biases apparent in dominant nodes of the tropospheric NAM pattern, storm tracks in the Atlantic, and intraseasonal variability of the NH stratospheric polar vortex. The research also investigates the models' ability to simulate the life cycle of SSW events, revealing issues such as inconsistent geopotential height precursor fields, weaker-than-observed vertical wave propagation before SSW events, and incorrect surface temperature regimes following the events.
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Arslaan Khalid, Tyler Miesse, Ehsan Erfani, Sam Thomas, Celso Ferreira, Kathy Pegion, Natalie Burls, Julia Manganello
Summary: Operational coastal flooding forecasting in the US is limited to short-term scales, but the SubX project provides an opportunity for longer-term probabilistic flood forecasts. Using the ADCIRC hydrodynamic model, forecasts were evaluated against observations for hurricanes Isabel and Katrina, with skillful predictions up to a 4-day and 10-day lead time, respectively. The study demonstrated the feasibility of subseasonal probabilistic flood forecasting using the SubX models.
WEATHER AND CLIMATE EXTREMES
(2021)
Article
Geosciences, Multidisciplinary
Kai Huang, Jadwiga H. H. Richter, Kathleen V. V. Pegion
Summary: For the first time, this study used stratospheric zonal-mean nudging in a subseasonal prediction system to capture the impact of quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) on Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) activity. By investigating two strong MJO cases in a QBO-neutral winter, it was found that only by nudging the QBO temperature anomalies, the prediction system could capture the observed QBO-MJO connection. The free-evolving zonal wind anomalies in the stratosphere due to the nudged QBO temperature were crucial for this connection.
GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
(2023)
Review
Environmental Sciences
Gerald A. Meehl, Jadwiga H. Richter, Haiyan Teng, Antonietta Capotondi, Kim Cobb, Francisco Doblas-Reyes, Markus G. Donat, Matthew H. England, John C. Fyfe, Weiqing Han, Hyemi Kim, Ben P. Kirtman, Yochanan Kushnir, Nicole S. Lovenduski, Michael E. Mann, William J. Merryfield, Veronica Nieves, Kathy Pegion, Nan Rosenbloom, Sara C. Sanchez, Adam A. Scaife, Doug Smith, Aneesh C. Subramanian, Lantao Sun, Diane Thompson, Caroline C. Ummenhofer, Shang-Ping Xie
Summary: Initialized climate predictions offer distinct benefits for multiple stakeholders on subseasonal, seasonal, and decadal timescales. While there have been some skilful predictions in various areas, challenges remain, and future efforts should focus on reducing model error, improving communication of forecasts, and enhancing process and mechanistic understanding to increase predictive skill and confidence.
NATURE REVIEWS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kathy Pegion
SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN
(2020)
Article
Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences
Annarita Mariotti, Cory Baggett, Elizabeth A. Barnes, Emily Becker, Amy Butler, Dan C. Collins, Paul A. Dirmeyer, Laura Ferranti, Nathaniel C. Johnson, Jeanine Jones, Ben P. Kirtman, Andrea L. Lang, Andrea Molod, Matthew Newman, Andrew W. Robertson, Siegfried Schubert, Duane E. Waliser, John Albers
BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY
(2020)