Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Ryuta Uraki, Maki Kiso, Shun Iida, Masaki Imai, Emi Takashita, Makoto Kuroda, Peter J. Halfmann, Samantha Loeber, Tadashi Maemura, Seiya Yamayoshi, Seiichiro Fujisaki, Zhongde Wang, Mutsumi Ito, Michiko Ujie, Kiyoko Iwatsuki-Horimoto, Yuri Furusawa, Ryan Wright, Zhenlu Chong, Seiya Ozono, Atsuhiro Yasuhara, Hiroshi Ueki, Yuko Sakai-Tagawa, Rong Li, Yanan Liu, Deanna Larson, Michiko Koga, Takeya Tsutsumi, Eisuke Adachi, Makoto Saito, Shinya Yamamoto, Masao Hagihara, Keiko Mitamura, Tetsuro Sato, Masayuki Hojo, Shin-ichiro Hattori, Kenji Maeda, Riccardo Valdez, Moe Okuda, Jurika Murakami, Calvin Duong, Sucheta Godbole, Daniel C. Douek, Ken Maeda, Shinji Watanabe, Aubree Gordon, Norio Ohmagari, Hiroshi Yotsuyanagi, Michael S. Diamond, Hideki Hasegawa, Hiroaki Mitsuya, Tadaki Suzuki, Yoshihiro Kawaoka
Summary: The replicative ability and pathogenicity of Omicron BA.2 variant is similar to that of BA.1 in rodents, but it shows less pathogenicity compared to early SARS-CoV-2 strains. There is a marked reduction in the neutralizing activity of plasma from individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 and vaccine recipients against BA.2 variant.
Article
Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Nicholas A. Preziosi, Areeba H. Rizvi, John D. Feerick, Chetan Mandelia
Summary: This report presents two sisters who developed acute onset hematochezia concurrently with SARS-CoV-2 infection. One patient recovered completely, whereas the other sibling developed chronic symptoms leading to a diagnosis of ulcerative colitis requiring biologic therapy.
INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASES
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Elise Vuille-Lessard, Matteo Montani, Jaume Bosch, Nasser Semmo
Summary: Autoimmune diseases have been reported to develop after SARS-CoV-2 infection, as well as following vaccination against the virus. The potential mechanisms involve molecular mimicry and bystander activation. Further investigation is needed to understand the link between SARS-CoV2 vaccination and autoimmune diseases.
JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ziyad Al-Aly, Benjamin Bowe, Yan Xie
Summary: This study analyzed the US Department of Veterans Affairs national healthcare databases to investigate the occurrence of Long COVID and death risk after breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection. The findings showed that vaccination significantly reduced the risk of death and post-acute sequelae but did not eliminate them completely. These results underscore the importance of further research on prevention and post-acute care for breakthrough infections.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Xu-Rui Shen, Rong Geng, Qian Li, Ying Chen, Shu-Fen Li, Qi Wang, Juan Min, Yong Yang, Bei Li, Ren-Di Jiang, Xi Wang, Xiao-Shuang Zheng, Yan Zhu, Jing-Kun Jia, Xing-Lou Yang, Mei-Qin Liu, Qian-Chun Gong, Yu-Lan Zhang, Zhen-Qiong Guan, Hui-Ling Li, Zhen-Hua Zheng, Zheng-Li Shi, Hui-Lan Zhang, Ke Peng, Peng Zhou
Summary: This study confirmed that T cells can be infected by SARS-CoV-2 in a spike-ACE2-independent manner. This finding provides new insights into the underlying mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2-induced lymphopenia in COVID-19 patients.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Zhenyu Wang, Wenyu Yang, Pei Hua, Jin Zhang, Peter Krebs
Summary: This study developed a model to estimate the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in surface water, showing that wastewater treatment plants were responsible for a majority of the viral load discharged into waterways. The model also indicated considerable variations in viral concentrations and infection probabilities based on spatial and temporal scales. Microbial risk assessment suggested that the infection probabilities from ingesting surface water were lower than reference risk levels throughout the study period.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Laurence Bouillet, Alban Deroux, Meryem Benmarce, Chloe Guerin, Laura Bouvet, Olivia Garnier, Donald K. Martin, Isabelle Vilgrain
Summary: Long COVID-19 syndrome is characterized by acute damage to microcapillaries, microthrombi, and endothelialitis after SARS-CoV-2 infection. It has been discovered that VE-cadherin, a component of endothelial cell junctions, is a target for ACE2 cleavage. This cleavage leads to the production of soluble fragments of VE-cadherin, which serve as potential biomarkers for vascular disease in Long COVID-19.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Letter
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Mai-Juan Ma, Shao-Fu Qiu, Xiao-Ming Cui, Ming Ni, Hong-Jie Liu, Run-Ze Ye, Lin Yao, Hong-Bo Liu, Wu-Chun Cao, Hong-Bin Song
Summary: Intra-host evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has been observed in symptomatic and immunocompromised cases, but not among asymptomatic cases. However, this study identified a group of asymptomatic cases with persistent infection and dynamic mutations of the virus. The dysregulation of immune responses, characterized by lower antibody levels and upregulation of CD4 regulatory T cells, may contribute to the persistent infection.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2022)
Letter
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Lukasz Szarpak, Krzysztof Jerzy Filipiak, Aleksandra Gasecka, Michal Pruc, Anna Drozd, Milosz Jaroslaw Jaguszewski
Summary: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TTS), also known as stress cardiomyopathy, is a rare disorder characterized by acute left ventricular dysfunction, which may be triggered by the emotional stress of the ongoing pandemic and respiratory infections caused by SARS-CoV-2. The case series suggests that TTS should be considered in the differential diagnosis of myocardial injury in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients, alongside other possible causes such as sepsis and myocarditis.
MEDICAL HYPOTHESES
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Caroline Stein, Hasan Nassereldine, Reed J. D. Sorensen, Joanne Amlag, Catherine Bisignano, Sam Byrne, Emma Castro, Kaleb Coberly, James K. Collins, Jeremy Dalos, Farah Daoud, Amanda Deen, Emmanuela Gakidou, John R. Giles, Erin N. Hulland, Bethany M. Huntley, Kasey E. Kinzel, Rafael Lozano, Ali H. Mokdad, Tom Pham, David M. Pigott, Robert C. Reiner Jr, Theo Vos, Simon Hay, Christopher J. L. Murray, Stephen S. Lim
Summary: By conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis, it was found that protection from past SARS-CoV-2 infection is high and remains high even after 40 weeks. Protection against symptomatic disease is high for ancestral, alpha, beta, and delta variants, but lower for the omicron BA.1 variant. Protection against severe disease remains high for all variants. The findings have important implications for predicting disease burden, vaccine policy, and travel restrictions.
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Yongjun Sui, Jianping Li, Roushu Zhang, Sunaina Kiran Prabhu, Hanne Andersen, David Venzon, Anthony Cook, Renita Brown, Elyse Teow, Jason Velasco, Jack Greenhouse, Tammy Putman-Taylor, Tracey-Ann Campbell, Laurent Pessaint, Ian N. Moore, Laurel Lagenaur, Jim Talton, Matthew W. Breed, Josh Kramer, Kevin W. Bock, Mahnaz Minai, Bianca M. Nagata, Mark G. Lewis, Lai-Xi Wang, Jay A. Berzofsky
Summary: Comparing two adjuvanted subunit vaccines in rhesus macaques, the study found that both vaccines were effective in protecting against respiratory SARS-CoV-2 exposure, despite potential differences in mucosal and systemic protective mechanisms. The mucosal vaccine was shown to be safe after multiple doses, efficiently clearing the input virus from the nasal cavity, and may serve as a potent complementary boost to conventional systemic vaccines for overall better protection.
Article
Immunology
Marios Koutsakos, Wen Shi Lee, Arnold Reynaldi, Hyon-Xhi Tan, Grace Gare, Paul Kinsella, Kwee Chin Liew, George Taiaroa, Deborah A. Williamson, Helen E. Kent, Eva Stadler, Deborah Cromer, David S. Khoury, Adam K. Wheatley, Jennifer A. Juno, Miles P. Davenport, Stephen J. Kent
Summary: This study investigates the early kinetics of spike-specific humoral and cellular immunity after vaccination and breakthrough infections of seropositive individuals. The findings reveal that vaccination of seropositive individuals induces robust recall of immune responses, while recall of vaccine-elicited responses in breakthrough infections is delayed and variable, depending on the infecting variant.
Article
Immunology
Weijie Zeng, Fan Xing, Yanxi Ji, Sidi Yang, Tiefeng Xu, Siyao Huang, Chunmei Li, Junyu Wu, Liu Cao, Deyin Guo
Summary: The study reveals that SARS-CoV-2 can infect and replicate in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). The infected cells show active viral replication and release of virions, but only a small portion of cells are infected, possibly due to low expression of SARS-CoV-2 receptors. Additionally, the infection leads to differential expression of certain genes, including upregulation of 17 interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs).
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Etienne Fortanier, Thomas Le Corroller, Marie Hocquart, Emilien Delmont, Shahram Attarian
Summary: This study reports two cases of PT syndrome following COVID-19 infection, highlighting the possible association between COVID-19 and PT syndrome. The cases demonstrate similar clinical, electrophysiological, and MRI characteristics to classic para-infectious PT syndrome.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Viviane Fongaro Botosso, Soraia Attie Calil Jorge, Renato Mancini Astray, Ana Marcia de Sa Guimaraes, Monica Beatriz Mathor, Patricia dos Santos de Carneiro, Edison Luiz Durigon, Dimas Covas, Danielle Bruna Leal de Oliveira, Ricardo das Neves Oliveira, Durvanei Augusto Maria, Silas Fernandes Eto, Neuza Maria Frazatti Gallina, Giselle Pidde, Carla Cristina Squaiella-Baptistao, Dilza Trevisan Silva, Isadora Maria Villas-Boas, Dayanne Carla Fernandes, Aline Vivian Vatti Auada, Alexandre Campos Banari, Antonio Francisco de Souza Filho, Camila Bianconi, Carla Lilian de Agostini Utescher, Denise Cristina Andre Oliveira, Douglas Oscar Ceolin Mariano, Flavia Ferreira Barbosa, Giuliana Rondon, Josana Kapronezai, Juliana Galvao da Silva, Mauricio Barbugiani Goldfeder, Priscila Comone, Regis Edgar Castilho Junior, Taiana Taina Silva Pereira, Fan Hui Wen, Denise Tambourgi, Ana Marisa Chudzinski-Tavassi
Summary: The new outbreak of COVID-19 has caused millions of deaths worldwide. Efforts are being made to find effective treatments, such as using immunoglobulin from immunized animals or plasma from convalescent patients. Clinical trials using anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulins from horses immunized with spike protein are underway. Researchers have developed an anti-SARS-CoV-2 equine F(ab ')(2) immunoglobulin that successfully neutralizes the virus, is safe in animal models, and reduces the severity of the disease in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2022)
