Article
Energy & Fuels
Quang Trung Nguyen, Minh Duc Le
Summary: The effects of hydrogen-enriched biogas on combustion and emissions of a dual-fuel spark-ignition engine with different hydrogen concentration ratios were numerically studied. The results showed that increasing hydrogen concentration gradually increased in-cylinder pressure, combustion temperature, and combustion burning speed. As the compression ratio increased, NOx emissions increased proportionally while CO2 emissions decreased. Adding hydrogen improved the combustion process even at low compression ratios.
Article
Environmental Sciences
Augustine B. V. Barboza, Sooraj Mohan, P. Dinesha
Summary: Ethanol blending for gasoline can reduce emissions without affecting engine performance, while emulsifying fuel with hydrogen peroxide can significantly reduce emissions in a compression ignition engine. The study used experimental data to model the relationship between input factors and output responses, and optimized the models using a multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm.
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Berk Can Duva, Elisa Toulson
Summary: The fundamental combustion characteristics of H-2/air flames with the addition of actual H-2/air combustion residuals were examined experimentally and numerically. The results showed that the flame speed and adiabatic flame temperature decreased linearly with increasing diluent level, while the change in burned gas Markstein length was more complex.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Mohammad Darwish, Gyongyver Hidegh, David Csemany, Viktor Jozsa
Summary: The study found that butanol blended fuels exhibited stable combustion but were limited at specific equivalence ratios. Testing in a turbulent burner revealed that CO and NOX emissions from butanol blended fuels at 15% oxygen levels met current standards, with distributed flame types being favorable.
Review
Chemistry, Physical
S. Thiyagarajan, EdwinGeo Varuvel, V. Karthickeyan, Ankit Sonthalia, Gopalakrishnan Kumar, C. G. Saravanan, B. Dhinesh, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi
Summary: Compression ignition (CI) engines using fossil diesel are major contributors to air pollution. Previous studies have attempted to replace fossil diesel with biofuels to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, but the performance has been sub-standard. Researchers have introduced hydrogen with biofuels in an attempt to improve engine performance. This study examines the effects of hydrogen addition with biodiesel/vegetable oil from various sources in CI engines.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Igor Karpilov, Dmitry Pashchenko
Summary: This study compares the combustion and emission characteristics of methane mixed with steam and the products of methane reforming with steam. The results indicate that syngas combustion occurs at higher temperature and emits more NOx compared to methane combustion, but adding steam to the fuel inlet can reduce emissions for both methane and syngas.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Viktor Jozsa
Summary: Mixture Temperature-Controlled (MTC) combustion is a novel concept that reduces NOX emissions by 50% compared to V-shaped flames without compromise. The essence of this concept is cold air injection and distributed combustion through a homogeneous temperature field, leading to stable flames and reduced flame propagation speed, ultimately resulting in lower NOX emissions. This concept also has lower tendency to thermoacoustic instabilities than V-shaped flames.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Meng Zhang, Zhenhua An, Xutao Wei, Jinhua Wang, Zuohua Huang, Houzhang Tan
Summary: This study investigates the combustion performances and emission characteristics of co-firing CH4/NH3/air flame in a swirl combustor, and finds that low combustion efficiency and significant increase in NOX emissions occur in high eta NH3 flames when blending a small amount of ammonia. The co-firing flames produce large amount of NOx at lean conditions.
Article
Thermodynamics
Ahlem Ghabi, Toufik Boushaki, Pablo Escot Bocanegra, Eric Robert
Summary: This study investigated the laminar burning velocity and flame temperature of methane-carbon dioxide-air combustion, as well as the effects of microsecond pulsed plasma on non-premixed biogas flames. Results showed that the plasma can improve flame stability and reduce CO emissions. Gas analysis also revealed a low impact on NOx levels.
COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ali Houssein Asmayou, Mazlan Abdul Wahid, Mohammed Bashir Abdulrahman, Wahid Ali Hamood Altowayti, Norzila Othman
Summary: This study investigates the stability and emission characteristics of flameless combustion for different tangential and coaxial air entry configurations. The results show that temperature and NOx emission decrease with decreasing O-2. The MF2T4A configuration is found to be the optimal design for increased efficiency and ultra-low NOx emission.
BIOMASS CONVERSION AND BIOREFINERY
(2022)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Rajasree Shanmuganathan, Nguyen Thuy Lan Chi, Arunachalam Chinnathambi, Saleh H. Salmen, G. K. Jhanani, Beata Gavurova, Manigandan Sekar, Arivalagan Pugazhendhi, T. R. Praveenkumar
Summary: Extensive use of fossil fuels is the main cause of global warming. Biodiesel, as a promising alternative, can improve engine performance and reduce emissions when combined with nanoparticles and hydrogen. Among the blends tested, B20CH showed the lowest emissions.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Goncalo P. Pacheco, Rodolfo C. Rocha, Miguel C. Franco, Miguel A. A. Mendes, Edgar C. Fernandes, Pedro J. Coelho, Xue-Song Bai
Summary: Ammonia is considered a promising fuel for decarbonization in the power sector due to its lack of carbon and ability to produce energy with zero CO2 emissions. However, challenges such as low reactivity, low flame speed, and formation of nitrogen oxides and ammonia slip exist during its combustion. The use of rich-to-lean combustion approaches can help mitigate NOx formation and improve combustion efficiency, as investigated experimentally and computationally in this study.
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Hongchen Liu, Fan Yang, Fengjiang Chen, Sai Che, Neng Chen, Chong Xu, Ni Wu, Wenkai Wei, Yongfeng Li
Summary: Exploring transition metal-based electrocatalysts with excellent performance in alkaline overall water splitting is important but challenging. In this study, a bimetallic Ni-Co selenide heterostructure aerogel (NiSe2-CoSe2) was designed and prepared for efficient overall water splitting. The optimized sample showed extremely low overpotentials for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in 1 M KOH electrolyte. Assembled as an electrolyzer, NiSe2-CoSe2 achieved high current density at low cell voltage, comparable to commercial noble-metal catalysts. The exceptional performance was attributed to the unique porous morphology and bimetallic selenide heterostructure. This work provides an anticipated perspective for transition metal selenide bifunctional electrocatalysts.
MATERIALS CHEMISTRY FRONTIERS
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Sooraj Mohan, P. Dinesha, V. Aiswarya
Summary: This study investigates the combined synergetic influence of H2O2 emulsification and the addition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) on the exhaust emissions and performance of a compression ignition engine. The results show that increasing the concentrations of H2O2 and MWCNT has a positive effect on reducing CO, HC, and smoke emissions, as well as improving brake thermal efficiency and reducing brake specific fuel consumption. However, the increase in MWCNT concentration leads to an increase in NOx emissions, while H2O2 emulsification has an inhibitory effect on NOx.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2022)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Meng Zhang, Zhenhua An, Liang Wang, Xutao Wei, Bieerlan Jianayihan, Jinhua Wang, Zuohua Huang, Houzhang Tan
Summary: The study shows that by adding active fuels like methane and hydrogen, the combustion intensity of ammonia/air flame can be enhanced, but it may lead to NOx emissions. However, under certain conditions, NOx emissions and unburned ammonia can be controlled simultaneously to a proper level.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2021)
Article
Chemistry, Physical
Van Ga Bui, Thi Minh Tu Bui, Van Nam Tran, Zuohua Huang, Anh Tuan Hoang, Wieslaw Tarelko, Van Hung Bui, Xuan Mai Pham, Phuoc Quy Phong Nguyen
Summary: This paper presents the research results on the optimal fuel compositions and control parameters of a spark ignition engine fueled with syngas-biogas-hydrogen. The optimal content of hydrogen and biogas in the mixture is found to be 20% and 30% respectively. The advanced ignition angle differs between the hydrogen-syngas blend and the syngas-biogas blend, with the former having a lower angle. The engine's power decreases when switching from hydrogen or biogas fueling mode to syngas fueling mode, and there is a significant increase in NOx emissions.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Wenjun Lin, Wang Han, Jinhua Wang, Runze Mao, Weijie Zhang, Xiao Cai, Zuohua Huang
Summary: The role of low-temperature chemistry/ignition (LTC/LTI) was studied in aero engine-like combustors with confined bluff-body and swirling flows. Experimental investigations were conducted on CH4/DME/air mixtures with varying DME volume fraction (αDME) to consider LTI. It was found that adding DME to lean CH4/air mixtures can introduce low-temperature flames (LTF) in the outer recirculation zone (ORZ) under certain conditions. The flame regimes were classified based on DME enrichment, and the possibility of using LTI to extend the stability margin of lean swirling flames was demonstrated.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Hongchao Dai, Jinhua Wang, Xiao Cai, Shouguo Su, Haoran Zhao, Zuohua Huang
Summary: This study investigates the impact of Lewis number (Le) on laminar and turbulent expanding flames of NH3/H2/air mixtures. The results show that the laminar burning velocity (SL) is significantly affected by the diffusional-thermal instability, which dominates the trend of turbulent burning velocity (ST) with the equivalence ratio (φ) for lean mixtures. The turbulent flame of NH3/H2/air mixtures exhibits self-similar acceleration propagation, with faster propagation observed when Le < 1. A modified correlation considering the effects of Le is proposed, which accurately predicts the propagation of NH3/H2/air mixtures as well as other syngas/air flames.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE
(2023)
Article
Chemistry, Multidisciplinary
Guohua Li, Zhenrong Zhang, Jingfeng Ye, Sheng Wang, Jun Shao, Haolong Wu, Yamin Wang, Zhiyun Hu, Jinhua Wang, Zuohua Huang
Summary: In order to address the uncertainty in the calibration process of two-color plane laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) temperature measurement, a new calibration method is proposed, taking into account the influence of fluorescence yield. The calibration process is carried out at high and low temperature regions to restrain the bias originating from quenching. This new calibration method is validated in a jet flame with a temperature range of 1300-1800 K, and the results demonstrate its effectiveness in the combustion field, especially with a large temperature range and strong quenching coefficient.
APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Lihan Fei, Mengxiao Qin, Zuohua Huang, Chenglong Tang
Summary: The hypergolic ignition behaviors of three ionic liquids [BMIm]-[DCA], [EMIm][DCA], and [EMIm][CDB] reacting with white fuming nitric acid (WFNA) were investigated. Two distinct hypergolic ignition modes were observed, with vapor smoke and sudden ejection of liquids induced by microexplosion for [BMIm][DCA] and [EMIm][DCA] and monotonic increase in temperature before ignition for [EMIm][CDB]. The time scales of vapor delay, explosion delay, and ignition delay decreased with the increase of droplet impact velocity.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Geyuan Yin, Bo Xiao, Hao Zhao, Haochen Zhan, Erjiang Hu, Zuohua Huang
Summary: An experiment was conducted to investigate the chemical kinetic effect of dimethyl ether (DME) on ammonia combustion and NO formation in a jet-stirred reactor. The mole fractions of reactants and intermediates were measured under various conditions. The key reactions were identified through pathway and sensitivity analysis. The results showed that NH2 and HO2 played important roles in ammonia oxidation, while reactions like CH3 + NO2 = CH3O + NO and HNO + O2 = NO + HO2 were essential for NO formation.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Fabio A. S. Mota, Lihan Fei, Chenglong Tang, Zuohua Huang, Fernando S. Costa
Summary: This work presents a novel green fuel system based on TMEDA, DMEA, and methanol or ethanol with HTP, which shows consistently low ignition delay time and good hypergolic ignition performance. It also has low viscosity and comparable theoretical specific impulses compared to conventional hydrazine-based systems. This catalytically promoted hypergolic system with HTP opens up a new avenue for replacing conventional highly toxic propellants.
Article
Energy & Fuels
Haoran Zhao, Gang Li, Jinhua Wang, Zuohua Huang
Summary: In this study, the turbulent expanding flames of hydrogen/air mixtures were investigated over a wide range of equivalence ratios using a fan-stirred combustion chamber. The effects of molecular transport on turbulent flame propagation were analyzed, including flame morphology, turbulent burning velocity, and their correlations. It was found that the wrinkled degree of the turbulent flame surface was stronger under fuel-lean conditions and the flame morphology became more wrinkled as it propagated outwardly. The peak turbulent burning velocity occurred at fuel-lean conditions and the effects of molecular transport were enhanced under intense turbulent field.
Article
Chemistry, Applied
Zhiyu Yan, Yilan Yang, Qianqian Li, Yingwen Yan, Zemin Tian, Chen Song, Zuohua Huang
Summary: The effects of NH3 and/or H2 addition on soot formation and gas emission in a laminar ethylene diffusion flame were studied. NH3 addition can suppress PAH and soot formation by both dilutive and chemical effects, while H2 addition chemically promotes soot formation. The soot formation of NH3-H2 blends is between flames doped with pure NH3 and H2.
FUEL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Meng Zhang, Wanying Xu, Ruixiang Wang, Xutao Wei, Jinhua Wang, Zuohua Huang, Houzhang Tan
Summary: This study investigates the effect of wall heat loss on NOx emission by designing air film cooling on the swirling combustion chamber. The flame structure and NO production were measured using OH-/NO-PLIF techniques, and NOx emission was analyzed using a Gasmet DX40 0 0 FTIR gas analyzer. Large eddy simulation with detailed chemistry was also conducted to further understand the experimental findings. The results show that wall heat loss decreases NOx emission but increases N2O emission.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Weijie Zhang, Wang Han, Jinhua Wang, Zuohua Huang, Wu Jin, Jeroen van Oijen
Summary: This study models the Darmstadt multi-regime turbulent flame MRB26b using the Flamelet-Generated Manifold (FGM) in the context of Large Eddy Simulation (LES). Different databases are used to build premixed, non-premixed, and partially premixed chemical databases, and the LES-FGM results are compared with experimental data using two sub-filter closure models. The results show that the databases lead to similar modelling of major species but better predict intermediate minor species using counter-flow flame databases. The study also reveals the over-prediction of minor species using the DTF model and proposes a correction method for improvement.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Xiao Cai, Shouguo Su, Limin Su, Jinhua Wang, Marcus Alden, Zhongshan Li, Zuohua Huang
Summary: In this study, the role of turbulence intensity in the dual-front structure and self-similar propagation of spherical turbulent iron-methane hybrid flames is demonstrated. It is found that intense turbulence can cause the strong burning of iron-methane hybrid mixture with separated dual-front or merged single-front structures. The formation of iron flame front is attributed to local iron concentration accumulation, enhanced heat transfer of iron particles, and mixing promotion of iron particles with oxidants by strong turbulence. Additionally, strong self-similar propagation of the hybrid flame is observed under different turbulence intensities, which is influenced by flame mode transition and differential diffusion.
COMBUSTION AND FLAME
(2023)
Article
Thermodynamics
Wanying Xu, Meng Zhang, Yifeng Zhang, Jinhua Wang, Zuohua Huang
Summary: This study investigates the effects of temperature and composition stratification strategies on the auto-ignition characteristics of NH3/H2/air mixtures in HCCI engines. The results show that temperature stratification can reduce the peak heat release rate, advance the ignition time, and extend the combustion duration, while composition stratification has limited effect on the overall combustion process.
APPLICATIONS IN ENERGY AND COMBUSTION SCIENCE
(2023)
Article
Energy & Fuels
Ruihan Ge, Erjiang Hu, Xiaoxin Yao, Chenglong Tang, Zuohua Huang
Summary: This experimental study investigates the effects of ignition timings, injection pressures, and hydrogen enrichment on ethanol stratified ultra-lean combustion. The results show that the addition of hydrogen increases the stable ignition limit and improves combustion characteristics. However, delayed ignition timings and high injection pressures may result in incomplete combustion.
Article
Thermodynamics
Longjuan Ji, Jinhua Wang, Weijie Zhang, Deli Li, Guangya Hu, Zuohua Huang
Summary: The nonlinear behavior of thermoacoustic oscillation for premixed swirl flames fueled with CH4/air mixtures is experimentally studied. The study reveals the effects of changing equivalence ratio phi, combustor inlet bulk velocity Uin, and swirl number S on the flame modes and oscillations. The study also shows the relationship between the appearance of flame in the outer circulation zone and the occurrence of quasi-periodic and limit cycle oscillations. Furthermore, the study finds that the lean/rich blow-off limits and oscillation range are extended with a larger S, while the stable combustion regime is wider with a smaller S.
EXPERIMENTAL THERMAL AND FLUID SCIENCE
(2024)
Article
Thermodynamics
Yong Cheng, Fukai Song, Lei Fu, Saishuai Dai, Zhiming Yuan, Atilla Incecik
Summary: This paper investigates the accessibility of wave energy absorption by a dual-pontoon floating breakwater integrated with hybrid-type wave energy converters (WECs) and proposes a hydraulic-pneumatic complementary energy extraction method. The performance of the system is validated through experiments and comparative analysis.
Article
Thermodynamics
Jing Gao, Chao Wang, Zhanwu Wang, Jin Lin, Runkai Zhang, Xin Wu, Guangyin Xu, Zhenfeng Wang
Summary: This study aims to establish a new integrated method for biomass cogeneration project site selection, with a focus on the application of the model in Henan Province. By integrating Geographic Information System and Multiple Criterion Decision Making methods, the study conducts site selection in two stages, providing a theoretical reference for the construction of biomass cogeneration projects.
Article
Thermodynamics
Mert Temiz, Ibrahim Dincer
Summary: The current study presents a hybrid small modular nuclear reactor and solar-based system for sustainable communities, integrating floating and bifacial photovoltaic arrays with a small modular reactor. The system efficiently generates power, hydrogen, ammonia, freshwater, and heat for residential, agricultural, and aquaculture facilities. Thermodynamic analysis shows high energy and exergy efficiencies, as well as large-scale ammonia production meeting the needs of metropolitan areas. The hybridization of nuclear and solar technologies offers advantages of reliability, environmental friendliness, and cost efficiency compared to renewable-alone and fossil-based systems.
Editorial Material
Thermodynamics
Wojciech Stanek, Wojciech Adamczyk
Article
Thermodynamics
Desheng Xu, Yanfeng Li, Tianmei Du, Hua Zhong, Youbo Huang, Lei Li, Xiangling Duanmu
Summary: This study investigates the optimization of hybrid mechanical-natural ventilation for smoke control in complex metro stations. The results show that atrium fires are more significantly impacted by outdoor temperature variations compared to concourse/platform fires. The gathered high-temperature smoke inside the atrium can reach up to 900 K under a 5 MW train fire energy release. The findings provide crucial engineering insights into integrating weather data and adaptable ventilation protocols for smoke prevention/mitigation.
Article
Thermodynamics
Da Guo, Heping Xie, Mingzhong Gao, Jianan Li, Zhiqiang He, Ling Chen, Cong Li, Le Zhao, Dingming Wang, Yiwei Zhang, Xin Fang, Guikang Liu, Zhongya Zhou, Lin Dai
Summary: This study proposes a new in-situ pressure-preserved coring tool and elaborates its pressure-preserving mechanism. The experimental and field test results demonstrate that this tool has a high pressure-preservation capability and can maintain a stable pressure in deep wells. This study provides a theoretical framework and design standards for the development of similar technologies.
Article
Thermodynamics
Aolin Lai, Qunwei Wang
Summary: This study assesses the impact of China's de-capacity policy on renewable energy development efficiency (REDE) using the Global-MSBM model and the difference-in-differences method. The findings indicate that the policy significantly enhances REDE, promoting technological advancements and marketization. Moreover, regions with stricter environmental regulations experience a higher impact.
Article
Thermodynamics
Mostafa Ghasemi, Hegazy Rezk
Summary: This study utilizes fuzzy modeling and optimization to enhance the performance of microbial fuel cells (MFCs). By simulating and analyzing experimental data sets, the ideal parameter values for increasing power density, COD elimination, and coulombic efficiency were determined. The results demonstrate that the fuzzy model and optimization methods can significantly improve the performance of MFCs.
Article
Thermodynamics
Zhang Ruan, Lianzhong Huang, Kai Wang, Ranqi Ma, Zhongyi Wang, Rui Zhang, Haoyang Zhao, Cong Wang
Summary: This paper proposes a grey box model for fuel consumption prediction of wing-diesel hybrid vessels based on feature construction. By using both parallel and series grey box modeling methods and six machine learning algorithms, twelve combinations of prediction models are established. A feature construction method based on the aerodynamic performance of the wing and the energy relationship of the hybrid system is introduced. The best combination is obtained by considering the root mean square error, and it shows improved accuracy compared to the white box model. The proposed grey box model can accurately predict the daily fuel consumption of wing-diesel hybrid vessels, contributing to operational optimization and the greenization and decarbonization of the shipping industry.
Article
Thermodynamics
Huayi Chang, Nico Heerink, Junbiao Zhang, Ke He
Summary: This study examines the interaction between off-farm employment decisions between couples and household clean energy consumption in rural China, and finds that two-paycheck households are more likely to consume clean energy. The off-farm employment of women is a key factor driving household clean energy consumption to a higher level, with wage-employed wives having a stronger influence on these decisions than self-employed ones.
Article
Thermodynamics
Hanguan Wen, Xiufeng Liu, Ming Yang, Bo Lei, Xu Cheng, Zhe Chen
Summary: Demand-side management is crucial to smart energy systems. This paper proposes a data-driven approach to understand the relationship between energy consumption patterns and household characteristics for better DSM services. The proposed method uses a clustering algorithm to generate optimal customer groups for DSM and a deep learning model for training. The model can predict the possibility of DSM membership for a given household. The results demonstrate the usefulness of weekly energy consumption data and household socio-demographic information for distinguishing consumer groups and the potential for targeted DSM strategies.
Article
Thermodynamics
Xinglan Hou, Xiuping Zhong, Shuaishuai Nie, Yafei Wang, Guigang Tu, Yingrui Ma, Kunyan Liu, Chen Chen
Summary: This study explores the feasibility of utilizing a multi-level horizontal branch well heat recovery system in the Qiabuqia geothermal field. The research systematically investigates the effects of various engineering parameters on production temperature, establishes mathematical models to describe their relationships, and evaluates the economic viability of the system. The findings demonstrate the significant economic feasibility of the multi-level branch well system.
Article
Thermodynamics
Longxin Zhang, Songtao Wang, Site Hu
Summary: This investigation reveals the influence of tip leakage flow on the modern transonic rotor and finds that the increase of tip clearance size leads to a decline in rotor performance. However, an optimal tip clearance size can extend the rotor's stall margin.
Article
Thermodynamics
Kristian Gjoka, Behzad Rismanchi, Robert H. Crawford
Summary: This paper proposes a framework for assessing the performance of 5GDHC systems and demonstrates it through a case study in a university campus in Melbourne, Australia. The results show that 5GDHC systems are a cost-effective and environmentally viable solution in mild climates, and their successful implementation in Australia can create new market opportunities and potential adoption in other countries with similar climatic conditions.
Article
Thermodynamics
Jianwei Li, Guotai Wang, Panpan Yang, Yongshuang Wen, Leian Zhang, Rujun Song, Chengwei Hou
Summary: This study proposes an orientation-adaptive electromagnetic energy harvester by introducing a rotatable bluff body, which allows for self-regulation to cater for changing wind flow direction. Experimental results show that the output power of the energy harvester can be greatly enhanced with increased rotatory inertia of the rotating bluff body, providing a promising solution for harnessing wind-induced vibration energy.
