Article
Immunology
Minghua Li, Max Ferretti, Baoling Ying, Helene Descamps, Emily Lee, Mark Dittmar, Jae Seung Lee, Kanupriya Whig, Brinda Kamalia, Lenka Dohnalova, Giulia Uhr, Hoda Zarkoob, Yu-Chi Chen, Holly Ramage, Marc Ferrer, Kristen Lynch, David C. Schultz, Christoph A. Thaiss, Michael S. Diamond, Sara Cherry
Summary: The study reveals that SARS-CoV-2 evades interferon activation in respiratory epithelial cells, but pharmacological activation of innate immune pathways can effectively control the viral infection. Using STING activation as a potential therapeutic strategy, the small molecule STING agonist diABZI inhibits viral replication by stimulating IFN signaling.
SCIENCE IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Guido Papa, Anna Albecka, Donna Mallery, Marina Vaysburd, Nadine Renner, Leo C. James
Summary: HIV-1 utilizes IP6 to form a stable capsid for delivering its genome into host nucleus. Viruses unable to incorporate IP6 are not protected by capsid and are detected by innate immunity, leading to the activation of an antiviral state that inhibits infection.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wanglong Zheng, Anjing Liu, Nengwen Xia, Nanhua Chen, Francois Meurens, Jianzhong Zhu
Summary: The cGAS-STING signaling axis is activated by cytosolic DNA, both non-self and self DNA. This pathway is used by the innate immune system to monitor invading pathogens and/or damage. It not only facilitates inflammatory responses and IFN production, but also activates other cellular processes like apoptosis.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2023)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Wanglong Zheng, Nengwen Xia, Jiajia Zhang, Nanhua Chen, Francois Meurens, Zongping Liu, Jianzhong Zhu
Summary: The cGAS-STING pathway is involved in triggering both canonical and non-canonical autophagy, which plays crucial roles in balancing innate immune responses, maintaining intracellular environmental homeostasis, alleviating liver injury, and limiting tumor growth and transformation.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2021)
Review
Immunology
Debipreeta Bhowmik, Fanxiu Zhu
Summary: Sensing viral constituents is crucial for host immune defense against viruses. Host DNA sensors have been discovered and their mechanisms elucidated, but herpesviruses employ diverse strategies to evade host DNA sensing.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Virology
Yulin Xu, Youwen Zhang, Shaohua Sun, Jia Luo, Sen Jiang, Jiajia Zhang, Xueliang Liu, Qi Shao, Qi Cao, Wanglong Zheng, Nanhua Chen, Francois Meurens, Jianzhong Zhu
Summary: The cGAS-STING signal plays an important antiviral role in PRRSV infection, as demonstrated by the suppression of infection with stable expression of STING or stimulation of cGAS-STING signaling, while the knockout of STING gene increases the level of infection.
Review
Immunology
Lishuang Deng, Zhiwen Xu, Fengqin Li, Jun Zhao, Zhijie Jian, Huidan Deng, Siyuan Lai, Xiangang Sun, Yi Geng, Ling Zhu
Summary: Herpesviruses are large DNA viruses that can establish lifelong infection in hosts, posing a burden on human and animal health. The cGAS-STING signaling pathway plays an important role in the innate immunity against herpesvirus infections.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Virology
Li Gao, Rui Liu, Fuchun Yang, Xiaohan Li, Changjun Liu, Xiaole Qi, Hongyu Cui, Yanping Zhang, Suyan Wang, Xiaomei Wang, Yulong Gao, Kai Li
Summary: Duck enteritis virus (DEV) encodes multiple viral proteins to inhibit the cGAS-STING DNA-sensing pathway. The viral tegument protein UL41 selectively reduces the mRNA accumulation of interferon regulatory factor 7 (IRF7), thereby inhibiting the DNA-sensing pathway. Loss of UL41 enhances the immune response to DEV and impairs viral replication.
JOURNAL OF VIROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Dermatology
Tianxiao Xu, Jie Dai, Lirui Tang, Lu Yang, Lu Si, Xinan Sheng, Chuanliang Cui, Zhihong Chi, Yan Kong, Jun Guo
Summary: This study reveals a previously unreported mechanism of epigenetic regulation of STING expression in melanoma and demonstrates that a combination of STING agonists and EZH2 inhibitors can enhance the antitumor immune response, offering a promising treatment option for melanoma patients refractory to current immunotherapies.
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Lucia Amurri, Branka Horvat, Mathieu Iampietro
Summary: The function of cGAS/STING signalling in innate immunity to DNA viruses has been well understood, and growing evidence suggests its significant contribution in controlling RNA virus infections. This review summarizes the known cGAS/STING escape strategies and discusses the mechanisms of STING signalling activation by RNA viruses as well as possible therapeutic approaches. Further research on the interaction between RNA viruses and cGAS/STING-mediated immunity could lead to important discoveries for understanding immunopathogenesis and treating RNA viral infections.
FRONTIERS IN CELLULAR AND INFECTION MICROBIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Rana Falahat, Anders Berglund, Ryan M. Putney, Patricio Perez-Villarroel, Shota Aoyama, Shari Pilon-Thomas, Glen N. Barber, James J. Mule
Summary: The lack or loss of tumor antigenicity is a key mechanism of immune evasion and resistance to T cell-based immunotherapies. Epigenetic regulation, specifically DNA methylation, plays a role in suppressing the STING signaling function in melanoma cells, but this suppression can be reversed through pharmacologic DNA methylation inhibition. Restoring STING signaling improves melanoma cell antigenicity and enhances recognition and killing by cytotoxic T cells, highlighting the functional significance of epigenetic processes in tumor-immune evasion.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2021)
Editorial Material
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Cara West, Neal Silverman
Summary: Studies of the fly Drosophila melanogaster reveal previously unknown details of a defense pathway with similarities to, but also key differences from, a human pathway, especially with the aid of cGas-like receptors.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Bo Yang, Jinyong Pei, Chen Lu, Yi Wang, Mengyang Shen, Xiao Qin, Yulu Huang, Xi Yang, Xin Zhao, Shujun Ma, Zhishan Song, Yinming Liang, Hui Wang, Jie Wang
Summary: This study reveals that RNF144A interacts with STING and enhances its translocation from the ER to the Golgi through K6-linked ubiquitination, thereby promoting the signaling pathways triggered by DNA virus or cytosolic DNA. RNF144A overexpression enhances immune responses, while knockdown of RNF144A has the opposite effect.
Review
Cell Biology
Li Zhong, Hong-Bing Shu
Summary: This review summarizes the recent advances in understanding how cGAS responds to chromosomes upon nuclear envelope breakdown and the mechanisms involved in the inactivation of the cGAS-MITA/STING pathways during mitosis in vertebrate cells.
JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR CELL BIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
Li Gao, Shijun Zheng, Yongqiang Wang
Summary: This review discusses the interaction between avian DNA viruses and the host innate immune system, covering the current knowledge of chicken DNA viruses, the functions of DNA sensors in avian innate immunity, and recent progress in chicken DNA virus evasion from host innate immune responses.
FRONTIERS IN MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)