Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Robert Grgac, Jan Rozsypal, Lauren Des Marteaux, Tomas Stetinab, Vladimir Kostal
Summary: This study provides evidence for the molecular mechanisms of protein denaturation and membrane integrity loss in freeze-sensitive insects, and demonstrates the protective effects of cryoprotective molecules in stabilizing proteins and membranes against freezing injury.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2022)
Article
Agriculture, Dairy & Animal Science
Sergei Shekhovtsov, Nina A. Bulakhova, Yuri P. Tsentalovich, Ekaterina A. Zelentsova, Ekaterina N. Meshcheryakova, Tatiana Poluboyarova, Daniil Berman
Summary: The moor frog Rana arvalis is capable of tolerating freezing temperatures and synthesizes low molecular weight cryoprotectants. Freezing upregulates glycolysis and results in the accumulation of various end products. The frog shows signs of stress and low levels of antioxidants. Subcutaneous ice contains glucose, glycerol, and other substances.
Article
Biology
Lukas Kucera, Martin Moos, Tomas Stetina, Jaroslava Korbelova, Petr Vodrazka, Lauren Des Marteaux, Robert Grgac, Petr Hula, Jan Rozsypal, Milos Faltus, Petr Simek, Radislav Sedlacek, Vladimir Kostal
Summary: This study identifies and quantifies multiple cryoprotectants in larval tissues of a subarctic fly, which could inspire the development of laboratory cryoprotectant formulations for cryopreservation. The artificial mixtures of cryoprotectants mimic the concentrations in hemolymph of freeze-tolerant larvae and exhibit cryoprotective effects. The study also suggests that trehalose stimulates the transition to the amorphous glass phase, while proline forms a layer of dense viscoelastic liquid, both protecting macromolecules and cells from thermomechanical shocks associated with freezing.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Mao Deng, Huijuan Chen, Long Xie, Kai Liu, Xumin Zhang, Xiaofang Li
Summary: This study demonstrates the importance of tea saponins as emulsifiers and cryoprotectants in preparing silymarin nanoemulsion and preventing damage during freeze-drying. Tea saponins improve the solubility and stability of silymarin.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Sergei V. Shekhovtsov, Ekaterina A. Zelentsova, Nina A. Bulakhova, Ekaterina N. Meshcheryakova, Ksenia I. Shishikina, Yuri P. Tsentalovich, Daniil I. Berman
Summary: This study used H-1 NMR to investigate the metabolomic changes in freeze-tolerant earthworm species. The researchers found high concentrations of glucose in the frozen tissues of both species, but no other cryoprotectants were detected. They also observed elevated levels of glycolysis end products and succinate, indicating the activation of glycolysis. Additionally, concentrations of many other substances significantly increased, especially in the specimens of Eisenia sp. aff. nordenskioldi f. pallida, which showed signs of nucleotide degradation.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Forestry
Zhijun Huang, Qingqing Liu, Mulualem Tigabu, Shaofei Jin, Xiangqing Ma, Bo Liu
Summary: The study found that increasing shading led to lower growth and biomass allocation in most seedlings, with coniferous species showing more plasticity in growth traits and broadleaved species being more sensitive to shading in terms of growth and biomass allocation.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Gaopeng Zhang, Chunyan Zhu, Noman Walayat, Wei Tang, Yonggang Tu, Yuting Ding, Jianhua Liu
Summary: This study investigated the effect of cryoprotectants on the changes in physicochemical and structural properties of egg white protein caused by repeated freeze-thaw cycles. The cryoprotectants effectively inhibited the increase in surface hydrophobicity and carbonyl contents, and restricted the decrease in total sulfhydryl group content, water-holding capacity of heat-induced gel, and endogenous fluorescence intensity. These results provide reference for the application of cryoprotectants in frozen egg white protein in the food industry.
Article
Food Science & Technology
Baiyan Chen, Xiaoying Wang, Pengzhen Li, Xiaoxuan Feng, Zhihao Mao, Junjie Wei, Xian Lin, Xiaowen Li, Li Wang
Summary: In order to prolong the preservation time of Lactobacillus rhamnosus and improve the cell survival rate, the formulation of cryoprotectants was optimized using response surface experiments. The optimal combination of cryoprotectants was determined to be 11.1% trehalose, 9.1% glycerin, 3.5% sodium glutamate, and 15.7% skimmed milk powder. The freeze-dried powder showed stable storage at -20 degrees C for 60 days with a survival rate of 97.8%, significantly higher than the 22% survival rate of the control group. Further analysis revealed intact cell membranes, smooth cell surface morphology fully covered by cryoprotectants, and a slight decrease of only 4.7% in Na+/K+-ATPase activity. These findings demonstrate that the composite cryoprotectants can reduce cell damage caused by ice crystal formation, leading to extended preservation time and improved survival rate of Lactobacillus rhamnosus.
LWT-FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Silvia Voci, Agnese Gagliardi, Maria Cristina Salvatici, Massimo Fresta, Donato Cosco
Summary: The study investigated the effects of different media on the physico-chemical features of zein and gliadin nanoparticles, and characterized the best formulations using freeze-drying. The results showed that a 5% glucose solution was a feasible medium for their development. Cryoprotectants were used to prevent aggregation, with mannose playing a crucial role in the cryopreservation of gliadin nanosystems.
Article
Agricultural Engineering
Karine Modolon Zepon, Caroline do Amaral Fetzner Pucci, Alana Witt Hansen, Fernanda Mendes de Moraes, do Nascimento Jose Heriberto Oliveria, Fernando Dal Pont Morisso, Rachel Faverzani Magnago, Ana Luiza Ziulkoski
Summary: This study proposes using maltose and lactose as reducing and cryoprotectant agents to improve the long-term stability of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The sugars can act as reducing and capping agents of the synthesized AgNPs, and prevent aggregation under freezing and freeze-drying. The freeze-dried AgNPs showed more stability and maintained their antibacterial and cytotoxic activities, making maltose and lactose a green alternative for synthesizing and preserving AgNPs.
INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS
(2023)
Article
Physiology
Yonggang Niu, Wangjie Cao, Jinzhou Wang, Jie He, Kenneth B. Storey, Li Ding, Xiaolong Tang, Qiang Chen
Summary: The highland frog Nanorana parkeri demonstrates a tolerance to partial freezing of their body temperature, accompanied by significant changes in metabolomic profiles in the liver and muscle, which may contribute to their survival in freezing conditions.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biology
Francesca Susa, Giulia Bucca, Tania Limongi, Valentina Cauda, Roberto Pisano
Summary: This study investigated the formulation design for freeze-drying of two different liposomes and evaluated the role of various cryoprotectants in preserving their structural integrity. The findings showed that disaccharides and polyol successfully protected the liposomes, while the presence of surfactant during freezing process resulted in strong damage to the liposomes. Additionally, the choice of freezing rate depended on the composition of the lipid bilayer.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Astrid Hauptmann, Georg Hoelzl, Thomas Loerting
Summary: In this study, the impact of various cryoprotectants on the freezing and thawing of aqueous sodium citrate buffers was investigated. The results indicate that different cryoprotectants have significant effects on the morphology of ice crystals, the glass transition temperature, and the initial melting temperature. Some cryoprotectants influence ice crystal size, with disaccharides restricting ice crystal growth while surfactants and glycerol allowing ice crystals to increase in size.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICS AND BIOPHARMACEUTICS
(2021)
Article
Zoology
Elizabeth E. Yokum, David L. Goldstein, Carissa M. Krane
Summary: Freeze tolerant animals survive the winter by tolerating freezing and thawing, and Cope's gray treefrog uses cryoprotectants to prevent intracellular freezing. Dorsal skin in frozen frogs appears blue and green before reverting to brown during thawing. The color change coincides with recovery of vital functions, making it an indicator of postfreeze recovery in D. chrysoscelis. Freeze resistance may be explained by physical changes in the skin. This study presents novel attributes of organismal freeze tolerance in D. chrysoscelis.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART A-ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Food Science & Technology
Gamze Ucok, Durmus Sert
Summary: This study examines the use of dairy industry by-products in industrial microbial cultures. The addition of dairy by-products as a protective agent improves the preservation of L. plantarum, although the use of rennet casein reduces viability and complicates the production of freeze-dried cultures.
Article
Entomology
Long Chen, Annie Enkegaard, Jesper Givskov Sorensen
Summary: The study found that the quality of biological control agents is strongly influenced by temperature, with laboratory measurements unable to accurately predict field efficacy. More complex assays, including behavioural responses, may be needed for optimized quality control of BCAs intended for field application.
Article
Entomology
Kim Jensen, Soren Toft, Jesper G. Sorensen, Martin Holmstrup
Summary: The study suggests that commercially produced O. majusculus have lower body condition compared to wild-caught individuals, but this does not result in a lower impact on pest prey numbers under the study conditions. Commercially produced O. majusculus have similar biological control value as wild-caught individuals.
BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jantina Toxopeus, Lahari Gadey, Lalitya Andaloori, Matin Sanaei, Gregory J. Ragland
Summary: The study showed that non- and post-diapause pupae can slowly achieve diapause-like metabolic rates when incubated at 4 degrees Celsius. While both diapause and quiescent pupae exhibited high tolerance of extreme low temperatures, quiescent pupae did not survive well when chilled for prolonged periods at 4 degrees Celsius.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology
Long Chen, Jesper Givskov Sorensen, Annie Enkegaard
Summary: The study found that temperature significantly affected several life history parameters of the commercialised egg parasitoid Trichogramma achaeae. Developmental acclimation had an impact on some traits, highlighting the potential for improving the performance of this parasitoid in mass production and biological control under different thermal conditions.
BIOCONTROL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Entomology
Heidi J. MacLean, Jonas Hjort Hansen, Jesper G. Sorensen
Summary: Accurately phenotyping test subjects is crucial for experimental research. This study presents the results of automatically generated thermal tolerance data using motion-tracking software, demonstrating that automation can increase efficiency without compromising quality. The method was applied to two different heat tolerance assays on Drosophila species, producing results comparable to those obtained manually. The researchers conclude that automation is a useful example of high-throughput phenotyping and can be applicable to various arthropod taxa.
JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Genetics & Heredity
Nicholas J. Barrett, Jakob Thyrring, Elizabeth M. Harper, Mikael K. Sejr, Jesper G. Sorensen, Lloyd S. Peck, Melody S. Clark
Summary: Increasing Arctic temperatures have led to accelerated melting of the Greenland ice sheet, exposing intertidal organisms like Mytilus edulis to high air temperatures and low salinities in the summer. This study found that the combined stressors of high temperature and low salinity push M. edulis towards their tolerance thresholds, leading to an increase in upregulated genes. The organism also exhibits efficient mechanisms, such as intracellular osmoregulation and fluid-filled cavities, to acclimatize to changing salinity levels. These findings demonstrate the resilience of M. edulis to heat stress and lowered salinity in a changing world.
Review
Entomology
Brent J. Sinclair, Jesper Givskov Sorensen, John S. Terblanche
Summary: This article synthesizes the literature on thermal plasticity in insects and explores the opportunities to enhance the performance of released insects by modifying temperature regimes. The authors discuss how temperature affects insect biology and identify potential mismatches between thermal acclimation and field temperatures. They also address the challenges in implementing optimal thermal regimes and highlight the importance of considering trade-offs with other traits. Overall, the study suggests that thermal physiological plasticity can be effectively utilized in release programs.
BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH
(2022)
Article
Physiology
Martin Holmstrup, Jesper G. Sorensen, Wencai Dai, Paul Henning Krogh, Ruediger M. Schmelz, Stine Slotsbo
Summary: Understanding thermal tolerance traits is important for predicting species distributions and their ability to adapt to future climate changes. There is a trade-off between cold tolerance and reproduction, while adult body size is negatively correlated with environmental temperature. The sensitivity distribution is related to thermal tolerance.
JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMICAL SYSTEMS AND ENVIRONMENTAL PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biology
Philip J. Freda, Jantina Toxopeus, Edwina J. Dowle, Zainab M. Ali, Nicholas Heter, Rebekah L. Collier, Isaiah Sower, Joseph C. Tucker, Theodore J. Morgan, Gregory J. Ragland
Summary: Organisms with complex life cycles have the ability to change their phenotypes across development, which is thought to be an evolutionary adaptation to variable environments. In this study, the researchers investigated the genetic decoupling of thermal physiology in the development of holometabolous insects. They found that there were stage-specific differences in gene expression related to thermal adaptation and that natural selection might be acting on different loci in different life stages.
JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Paul Vinu Salachan, Jesper Givskov Sorensen
Summary: Adaptation to thermal variability is important for species' persistence. In this study, Drosophila melanogaster were subjected to acclimation at constant and fluctuating temperatures to investigate the molecular basis of fluctuating temperature-induced phenotypic plasticity. The results showed that there are stage- and sex-specific dynamics of the acclimation responses to fluctuating temperatures. Fluctuating temperature acclimation resulted in the canalization of gene expression in adult females, and both transcriptional and post-transcriptional machinery were greatly affected by fluctuations in adult males. Heat stress response involving major heat shock proteins was enriched in both larvae and adults exposed to fluctuating temperatures.
Article
Entomology
Astrid Bay Amstrup, Ida Baek, Volker Loeschcke, Jesper Givskov Sorensen
Summary: Plastic responses to heat stress can temporarily increase heat stress tolerance in small ectotherms. Heat shock proteins (Hsps) play a role in this induced heat stress tolerance, but additional mechanisms such as the Turandot gene family are also involved. This study investigates the temporal dynamics and functional role of Turandot genes totA and totC in heat stress tolerance.
JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Entomology
Fatemeh Tabebordbar, Giorgio Formisano, Parviz Shishehbor, Ebrahim Ebrahimi, Massimo Giorgini, Jesper Givskov Sorensen
Summary: The performance of three Trichogramma euproctidis populations from different locations in southwest Iran was evaluated to optimize mass-rearing for biological control of lepidopteran pests. Population origin and host quality significantly influenced the biological traits of the parasitoids and their progeny. The best-performing population, collected in Mollasani, showed higher parasitization rate, survival rate, and progeny sex ratio when reared on young eggs of Ephestia kuehniella.
JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC ENTOMOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Entomology
Trinity McIntyre, Lalitya Andaloori, Glen R. Hood, Jeffrey L. Feder, Daniel A. Hahn, Gregory J. Ragland, Jantina Toxopeus
Summary: Low temperatures in winter can have a negative impact on the survival of organisms, particularly ectotherms. This study investigates the variation in overwintering strategies among groups of closely interacting parasitoid species. The researchers found that different species of endoparasitoid wasps exhibited similar diapause phenotypes as their host insect, the apple maggot fly. The study also reveals a high level of cold tolerance and consistency in survival rates among the three wasp species.
JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Environmental Sciences
Jian Ge, Stine Slotsbo, Jesper G. Sorensen, Martin Holmstrup
Summary: The agricultural and industrial emissions of copper-based chemicals have led to increased copper levels in soils worldwide. This copper contamination has toxic effects on soil animals and impacts their thermal tolerance. This study investigated the effects of copper exposure on the thermal performance of a springtail, demonstrating that high copper levels reduce tolerance to suboptimal temperatures and decrease maximal performance.
SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT
(2023)
Meeting Abstract
Zoology
James deMayo, Joseph Tucker, Jenna Tomkinson, Lahari Gadey, Phillip Freda, Jantina Toxopeus, Gregory Ragland
INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY
(2023)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Sang Hyuck Lee, Mi Ae Kim, Young Chang Sohn
Summary: This study characterized the CCAP signaling system in Pacific abalone and revealed its relationship with the calcium/PKC and cAMP/PKA signal transduction pathways. It provides new insights into the evolutionary origins of the NPS and OT/VP signaling systems in protostomes.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Hanna Scheuffele, Erica V. Todd, John A. Donald, Timothy D. Clark
Summary: Global warming is causing an increase in extreme weather events, affecting ecosystems and the behavior of ectotherms. More research is needed to understand the impact of diurnal thermal variability and improve climate change predictions.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jaakko Haverinen, Ahmed Badr, Markus Eskelinen, Matti Vornanen
Summary: The acclimatization of certain ectothermic vertebrates to winter conditions involves reduced energy consumption, achieved through decreased movement activity, depression of cellular functions, or switching to anaerobic energy production. This study on crucian carp showed that winter-acclimatized fish exhibited lower metabolic rates and a shift to anaerobic energy production during anoxia. Winter dormancy in crucian carp is achieved through active reduction of energy consumption, a slowed metabolic rate, and a direct response to oxygen absence.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maria Cruz Sueiro, Cynthia A. Awruch, Gustavo M. Somoza, Walter S. Svagelj, Maria G. Palacios
Summary: According to life-history theory, there might be different immunological strategies between reproductive and non-reproductive periods due to limited resources. Our study on two sympatric marine fish species, rockfish and sandperch, found that reproductive individuals showed lower immune function, but higher levels of natural antibodies in rockfish females, compared to their non-reproductive counterparts. On the other hand, reproductively active sandperch males showed lower levels of natural antibodies and higher neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and spleen index compared to non-reproductive males. The study highlights the species-specific patterns of immunity and the potential influence of resource limitation and abiotic factors on immune trade-offs in fish.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
James B. Cummins, Dane A. Crossley II
Summary: This study focuses on cardiovascular development in altricial bird species, which has been less studied compared to precocial species. The researchers investigated the cholinergic and adrenergic receptor mediated control of arterial blood pressure and heart rate in the neotropic cormorant. The findings suggest that both cholinergic and adrenergic tone play a role in cardiovascular regulation in embryonic birds.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2024)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ru Xia, Hong-Kang Liu, Xi-Feng Liu, Xin Deng, Chuan-Jie Qin, Yuan-Fa He, Shi-Mei Lin, Yong-Jun Chen
Summary: This study cloned the genes encoding glucokinase and glucose-6-phosphatase catalytic subunit in largemouth bass, revealing their distribution and transcriptional regulation. The results showed that the functions of G6pc and Gck in LMB were highly conserved in evolution, and the interconversion of glucose and G6P in the liver was well regulated at the transcript level under high starch diet, but a futile cycle was induced after a glucose load.
COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY A-MOLECULAR & INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY
(2024)